Cytokine and chemokine levels in the heart tissue of aged rats following severe acute pancreatitis

Severe acute pancreatitis (AP) is a disease associated with high mortality and characterized by overwhelming systemic inflammation. Older people have a prolonged hospital stay and worst prognosis, when affected by this disease. Our group hypothesized, thus, that the systemic inflammatory response in the elderly would promote more organ damage when compared to the young. We sought to investigate the effect of systemic inflammation on the gene expression of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in the hearts of older and younger rats in an animal model of AP. AP was induced in all rats by injection of 0.5 mL of 2.5% taurocholate. There were two healthy age-matched control groups. An array of 79 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors was measured in samples of cardiac tissue taken from the AP rats after 10 h, and from control rats. Older healthy rats had significantly higher levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and CCL1 gene expression than younger ones ( P < 0.05), but all other measurements were similar among the study groups. This study indicates the systemic inflammation may show unique features for different organs in the body, but older animals with systemic inflammation are similar to the young regarding the cardiac inflammatory response.

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Gut permeabillity and nitric oxide: Evidence for an endotoxin mediated inflammatory response in severe acute pancreatitis

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)82321-0 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A468-A469

Author(s):

S RAHMAN ◽

B AMMORI ◽

I MARTIN ◽

G BARCLAY ◽

M LARVIN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Severe Acute Pancreatitis

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Early systemic inflammatory response syndrome is associated with severe acute pancreatitis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1450958.929056 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew DiMagno

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Systemic Inflammatory Response

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Effect of Anthocyanin-Rich Extract of Sour Cherry for Hyperglycemia-Induced Inflammatory Response and Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113373 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3373

Author(s):

Arnold Markovics ◽

Attila Biró ◽

Andrea Kun-Nemes ◽

Mónika Éva Fazekas ◽

Anna Anita Rácz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gene Expression ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

The Elderly ◽

Human Umbilical Cord ◽

Dependent Manner

Diabetes mellitus (DM)-related morbidity and mortality are steadily rising worldwide, affecting about half a billion people worldwide. A significant proportion of diabetic cases are in the elderly, which is concerning given the increasing aging population. Proper nutrition is an important component in the effective management of diabetes in the elderly. A plethora of active substances of plant origin exhibit potency to target the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The nutraceutical and pharmaceutical effects of anthocyanins have been extensively studied. In this study, the effect of Hungarian sour cherry, which is rich in anthocyanins, on hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction was tested using human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were maintained under both normoglycemic (5 mM) and hyperglycemic (30 mM) conditions with or without two concentrations (1.50 ng/µL) of anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response and damaged vasorelaxation processes were investigated by evaluating the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and gene expression of four proinflammatory cytokines, namely, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1α (IL-1α), as well as the gene expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1). It was found that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress was significantly suppressed by anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract in a concentration-dependent manner. The gene expression of the tested proinflammatory cytokines increased under hyperglycemic conditions but was significantly reduced by both 1 and 50 ng/µL anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract. Further, although increased ET-1 and ECE-1 expression due to hyperglycemia was reduced by anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract, NOS expression was increased by the extract. Collectively, these data suggest that anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract could alleviate hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasorelaxant effects.

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Early Enteral Nutrition and Markers of the Inflammatory Response in Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Pancreatic Disease ◽

10.1007/978-1-85233-904-3_36 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 428-433

Author(s):

James Powell ◽

Ajith Siriwardena

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Enteral Nutrition ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Early Enteral Nutrition

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High-Fat Diet Aggravates the Intestinal Barrier Injury via TLR4-RIP3 Pathway in a Rat Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2019/2512687 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ying-ru Su ◽

Yu-pu Hong ◽

Fang-chao Mei ◽

Chen-yang Wang ◽

Man Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Sodium Taurocholate ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

High Fat ◽

Junction Protein

Objective. For patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), a high body mass index (BMI) increases the possibility of infection derived from the intestine. In this study, we evaluate whether TAK242 can alleviate severe acute pancreatitis-associated injury of intestinal barrier in high-fat diet-fed rats. Methods. A SAP model was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct. Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) adult rats were randomly divided into five groups: standard rat chow (SRC) normal (SN), SRC SAP (SAP), high-fat diet normal (HN), HFD SAP (HSAP), and TLR4 inhibitor pretreatment HFD SAP (HAPT) groups. Intraperitoneal injection of 3 mg/kg TAK242 was administered 30 minutes before SAP model establishment in the HAPT group. Rats were sacrificed 12 hours after SAP modeling, followed by blood and pancreatic and distal ileum tissue collection for further analyses. Changes in the pathology responses of the rats in each group were assessed. Result. Analyses of serum amylase, lipase, cholesterol, triglyceride, IL-1β, IL-6, DAO, and serum endotoxin as well as tight junction protein expression including zonula occluden-1 and occludin indicated that high-fat diet aggravated SAP-induced intestinal barrier injury via increasing inflammatory response. In addition, the level of necroptosis was significantly higher in the SAP group compared with the SN group while the HSAP group exhibited more necroptosis compared with the SAP group, indicating the important role of necroptosis in pancreatitis-associated gut injury and illustrating that high-fat diet aggravated necroptosis of the ileum. Pretreatment with TLR4 inhibitor significantly alleviated inflammatory response and reduced necroptosis and level of oxidative stress while improving intestinal barrier function. Conclusion. High-fat diet aggravated SAP-induced intestinal barrier injury via inflammatory reactions, necroptosis, and oxidative stress. Inhibition of TLR4 by TAK242 reduced inflammation, alleviated necroptosis, and lowered the level of oxidative stress and then protected the intestinal barrier dysfunction from SAP in high-fat diet-fed rats.

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Protective Effect of Tetrandrine on Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/129103 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xian-lin Wu ◽

Jie-xing Li ◽

Zhen-dong Li ◽

Da-sheng Liu ◽

Su-hong Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Free Radical ◽

Bile Duct ◽

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Sodium Taurocholate ◽

Multiple Organ ◽

Multiple Organ Dysfunction

Tet is a type of alkaloid extracted fromStephania tetrandra, and it has recently been demonstrated that Tet can protect against inflammation and free radical injury and inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators. The present study was designed to observe the protective effect of Tet on sodium taurocholate-induced severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The rat model of SAP was induced by retrograde bile duct injection of sodium taurocholate and then treated with Verapamil and Tet. The results showed that Tet can reduce NF-κB activation in pancreas issue, inhibit the SAP cascade, and improve SAP through inducing pancreas acinar cell apoptosis and stabilizing intracellular calcium in the pancreas, thus mitigating the damage to the pancreas. Our study revealed that Tet may reduce systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS) to protect against damage, and these roles may be mediated through the NF-κB pathway to improve the proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory imbalance.

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Immature granulocytes predict severe acute pancreatitis (AP) independently of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

Pancreatology ◽

10.1016/j.pan.2016.06.592 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. S165

Author(s):

Michal Lipinski ◽

Grazyna Rydzewska

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Systemic Inflammatory Response

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Ringer’s Lactate Prevents Early Organ Failure by Providing Extracellular Calcium

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9010263 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 263 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Biswajit Khatua ◽

Jordan R. Yaron ◽

Bara El-Kurdi ◽

Sergiy Kostenko ◽

Georgios I. Papachristou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Organ Failure ◽

Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Extracellular Calcium ◽

Severe Pancreatitis ◽

Ringer’S Lactate

Objective: Ringer’s lactate may improve early systemic inflammation during critical illnesses like severe acute pancreatitis, which are associated with hypocalcemia. Ringer’s lactate is buffered and contains lactate and calcium. We, thus analyzed extracellular calcium or lactate’s effects on the mechanisms, intermediary markers, and organ failure in models mimicking human disease with nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) elevation. Methods: Meta-analyses and experimental studies were performed. Experimentally, extracellular calcium and lactate were compared in their interaction with linoleic acid (LA; a NEFA increased in human severe pancreatitis), and its subsequent effects on mitochondrial depolarization and cytosolic calcium signaling resulting in cell injury. In vivo, the effect of LA was studied on organ failure, along with the effect of calcium or lactate (pH 7.4) on severe acute pancreatitis-associated organ failure. A meta-analysis of human randomized control trials comparing Ringer’s lactate to normal saline was done, focusing on necrosis and organ failure. Results: Calcium reacted ionically with LA and reduced lipotoxic necrosis. In vivo, LA induced organ failure and hypocalcemia. During severe pancreatitis, calcium supplementation in saline pH 7.4, unlike lactate, prevented hypocalcemia, increased NEFA saponification, reduced circulating NEFA and C-reactive protein, reduced pancreatic necrosis adjacent to fat necrosis, and normalized shock (carotid pulse distension) and blood urea nitrogen elevation on day 1. This, however, did not prevent the later increase in serum NEFA which caused delayed organ failure. Meta-analysis showed Ringer’s lactate reduced necrosis, but not organ failure, compared with normal saline. Conclusion: Hypocalcemia occurs due to excess NEFA binding calcium during a critical illness. Ringer’s lactate’s early benefits in systemic inflammation are by the calcium it provides reacting ionically with NEFA. This, however, does not prevent later organ failure from sustained NEFA generation. Future studies comparing calcium supplemented saline resuscitation to Ringer’s lactate may provide insights to this pathophysiology.

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