scholarly journals Applying the Evidence We Have: Support for Having Race Conversations in White U.S. Families

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162110299
Author(s):  
Sylvia P. Perry ◽  
Allison L. Skinner-Dorkenoo ◽  
Jamie L. Abaied ◽  
Sara F. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Racial Socialization ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Parental Socialization ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
White Families ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Child

Popular press articles have advocated for parent–child conversations about race and racism to prevent children from developing racial biases, yet empirical investigations of the impact of racial socialization in White U.S. families are scarce. In an article published in Perspectives on Psychological Science in 2020, Scott et al. warned that, given the lack of empirical evidence, parents might actually do more harm than good by talking to their children about race. In this comment, we draw upon the literature on (a) racial socialization, (b) parenting and parent–child discourse, and (c) the role of nonverbal communication in parental socialization to inform our understanding of parents’ ability to engage in race-related conversations in the absence of empirical guidance. We also highlight emerging evidence of the potential benefits of these conversations (even if parents are uncomfortable). In sum, the wealth of existing literature suggests that parents can successfully navigate challenging conversations with their children—which tends to result in better outcomes for children than avoiding those conversations. Thus, although we support Scott et al.’s call for researchers to develop more empirical research, we part with the authors’ assertion that researchers need to wait for more sufficient evidence before providing recommendations to White parents—we believe that the time for White families to begin talking about race and racism is now.

scholarly journals Applying What Evidence We Have: Support for Having Race Conversations in White U.S. Families

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Perry ◽  
Allison Skinner-Dorkenoo ◽  
Jamie L Abaied ◽  
Sara Waters
Keyword(s):  
Racial Socialization ◽  
Parental Socialization ◽  
White Families ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Parent Child

Popular press articles have advocated for parent-child conversations about race to prevent children from developing racial biases, yet empirical investigations of the impact of racial socialization in White families in the U.S. are scarce. Scott et al. (2020) warn that, given the lack of empirical evidence, parents might actually do more harm than good by talking to their children about race. In this comment, we draw upon the literature on (1) racial socialization, (2) parenting and parent-child discourse, and (3) the role of nonverbal communication in parental socialization to inform our understanding of parents’ ability to engage in race-related conversations in the absence of empirical guidance. We also highlight emerging evidence of the potential benefits of these conversations (even if parents are uncomfortable). In sum, the wealth of existing literature suggests that parents can successfully navigate challenging conversations with their children—which tends to result in better outcomes for children than avoiding those conversations. Thus, although we support Scott et al.’s call for researchers to develop more empirical research, we part with the authors’ assertion that White parents should wait to have these conversations with their children—we believe that the time to begin talking is now.

scholarly journals Exploring how Parent-Child Conversations about Race influence Children's Implicit Biases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Perry ◽  
Allison Skinner-Dorkenoo ◽  
Jamie L Abaied ◽  
Adilene Osnaya ◽  
Sara Waters
Keyword(s):  
Racial Socialization ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
White Families ◽  
White American ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
Racial Issues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Child

Although parent-child conversations about race are recommended as a way to curb children’s racial biases, no prior work has directly tested the impact of such conversations. In fact, most White American parents avoid talking about racism with their children. We designed a method to facilitate parental racial socialization conversations with their 8-12-year-old children and examined the impact on children’s implicit anti-Black attitudes. We also investigated whether parents’ nonverbal discomfort and physiological arousal moderated the impact of racial socialization on children’s implicit attitudes. White American children’s (and parents’) implicit anti-Black attitudes significantly decreased, pre-to-post conversation, and we found no evidence that parental tenseness, anxiety, or arousal increased implicit anti-Black attitudes among children. Our findings suggest the discomfort that White Americans often experience when openly discussing racial issues need not be a barrier to conversation, and that facilitating parent-child racial socialization in White families may be an effective tool to reduce implicit anti-Black attitudes.

scholarly journals A Laboratory Procedure to Facilitate Color Conscious Racial Socialization Methods Among White Parents in the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Perry ◽  
Jamie L Abaied ◽  
Allison Skinner-Dorkenoo ◽  
Sara Waters
Keyword(s):  
Racial Socialization ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
White Families ◽  
Additional Intervention ◽  
White Parent ◽  
White Parents ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Parent Child

For years, White U.S. parents have strived to raise colorblind children, yet mounting evidence indicates that color conscious racial socialization is needed to cultivate an anti-racist orientation. The current work evaluates a new semi-structured laboratory procedure to facilitate color conscious racial socialization in 87 White parent-child (8-12-year-olds) dyads. Contrasting with prior research, qualitative findings revealed that most parents used racial labels and color conscious racial socialization methods. However, a subset of parents pushed back against the color conscious guidance, encouraging racial ignorance or external attributions for racist behaviors. This work highlights promising evidence of a means for facilitating color conscious socialization in White families, and additional intervention targets for future efforts to foster anti- racism in White families.

White Parents’ Socialization of Racial Attitudes: A Commentary on Scott et al. (2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162110299
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Bigler ◽  
Erin Pahlke ◽  
Amber D. Williams ◽  
Brigitte Vittrup
Keyword(s):  
Racial Socialization ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Popular Press ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
White Families ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
White Parents ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The Ideal

In the September 2020 issue of Perspectives, Scott et al. argued that there is insufficient empirical work on White parents’ racial-socialization strategies to support generalizations about the topic and, therefore, that journalists’ recommendation that White parents discuss race and racism with their children represents a case of speculation without evidence. Although we strongly support Scott et al.’s call for additional, rigorous research on racial socialization in White families, we argue that their critique of popular-press pieces was unwarranted. Specifically, we argue that, although definitive tests of the effects of specific White parental racial-socialization strategies are lacking, the recommendation for parents to discuss race and racism with their children is both appropriate and empirically grounded. We describe research on racial socialization, intergroup contact, and cognitive development that is consistent with recommendations from developmental scientists reported in the popular press. Furthermore, we argue that parents may be the ideal socializers of racial attitudes. We conclude with a discussion of the broad context concerning media reports of findings from psychological science.

scholarly journals Digital Family Life: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Parental Smartphone Use on Parent-Child Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Barbara Knitter ◽  
Martina Zemp
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Child

Smartphone use among parents is rising sharply, as they seek connectedness with partners, friends and work during the sometimes detached times of parenthood. Since parents increasingly use smartphones while interacting with their children, there is growing research about the implications of parental smartphone for parent-child interactions. However, previous reviews have not examined whether the effects of parental smartphone use on parent-child interactions vary depending on children’s age. Additionally, no systematic review has summarized the potential benefits of parents’ smartphone use for parent-child interactions. Therefore, the goals of this systematic review were (1) to explore the role of children’s age in the link between parental smartphone use and parent-child interactions and (2) to summarize potential benefits of parental smartphone use for parent-child interactions. Following PRISMA guidelines, a total of k = 21 papers met all eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Results gest noteworthy effects of parental smartphone use on parent-child interactions across all age groups, but the foci and outcomes of the studies differed between them. Benefits were mostly perceived when people where relaxed and enjoying themselves, but only a few studies have focused on the potential positive impact of parental smartphone use on parent-child interactions. The review provides an overview about future areas of research to explore how smartphone changes family interactions. Families have to find adequate ways of dealing with new technology in everyday life, which inevitably affects the nature of their daily interactions.

Mom always liked me better: The impact of parent--child resemblance on kin investment

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Z. Gold ◽  
David S. Friedman ◽  
Jacklyn M. Sullivan ◽  
Stephen Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Kin Investment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Child

scholarly journals A Stochastic Optimal Control Approach for Power Management in Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Moura ◽  
Hosam K. Fathy ◽  
Duncan S. Callaway ◽  
Jeffrey L. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Stochastic Dynamic ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Charge Depletion

This paper examines the problem of optimally splitting driver power demand among the different actuators (i.e., the engine and electric machines) in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Existing studies focus mostly on optimizing PHEV power management for fuel economy, subject to charge sustenance constraints, over individual drive cycles. This paper adds three original contributions to this literature. First, it uses stochastic dynamic programming to optimize PHEV power management over a distribution of drive cycles, rather than a single cycle. Second, it explicitly trades off fuel and electricity usage in a PHEV, thereby systematically exploring the potential benefits of controlled charge depletion over aggressive charge depletion followed by charge sustenance. Finally, it examines the impact of variations in relative fuel-to-electricity pricing on optimal PHEV power management. The paper focuses on a single-mode powersplit PHEV configuration for mid-size sedans, but its approach is extendible to other configurations and sizes as well.

Therapeutically Supporting Children to Recover from the Impact of Family Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Powell ◽  
Kathy Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Client Population ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Specific Practice ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
Systems Framework ◽  
The Impact

Family violence (also referred to as Domestic Violence and Intimate Partner Violence) describes violence that occurs within an intimate relationship, whether a current or former partner. Children can experience a range of abuses (emotional, physical, sexual and neglect) within the context of family violence, and harm is cumulative and may present as complex trauma. This paper is based on a practice presentation delivered at the International Childhood Trauma Conference in Melbourne (Australia) in June 2016. The purpose of this paper is to increase awareness of the impacts for children who have experienced family violence, to enhance understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to their trauma presentation, and to highlight the specific practice issues and considerations in providing therapeutic support to this client population, with the ultimate aim of improving diagnostic and treatment outcomes for children impacted by family violence. Sufficient safety and stability are required for children to experience therapeutic change, and if family violence is current, the initial response needs to be protective. Identification of family violence should prompt practitioners to use trauma-informed assessment and trauma-focused evidence-based treatments within a family therapy and systems framework. Family violence is complex and there are many barriers to treatment and practice considerations. Expansion of practitioner knowledge and skills in family violence trauma will enhance outcomes for children who have experienced family violence.

scholarly journals The impact of poverty on educational outcomes for children

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
HB Ferguson ◽  
S Bovaird ◽  
MP Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
The Impact
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