scholarly journals Action dual tasks reveal differential effects of visual imagery perspectives on motor performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1401-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichola Callow ◽  
Martin Gareth Edwards ◽  
Alex Lee Jones ◽  
Lew Hardy ◽  
Stephanie Connell
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Task Sequencing ◽  
Imagery Group ◽  
Third Person

Imagery research has identified two main visual perspectives, external visual imagery (EVI, third person) and internal visual imagery (IVI, first person). Based upon findings from brain imaging literature showing that different neural substrates are recruited for IVI and EVI perspectives, and that IVI activates motor system brain areas, we hypothesised that a concurrent action dual task would cause greater interference in performance for IVI than EVI. In a first experiment, participants were allocated to either an IVI or an EVI group, and were tasked with moving an onscreen marker towards a target in three blocked conditions: imagery, imagery with a concurrent motor dual-task of sequencing, and a math control. An interaction between imagery group and condition was driven by greater root mean square error for participants in the dual-task condition in the IVI group compared with the EVI group. We replicated the experiment with an eye-tracking objective measure of IVI; the results again showed that participants in the IVI group made more errors in motor movements, and an interference effect in eye movements, during the dual-task sequencing condition compared with the EVI group. The results of the two experiments reveal that a secondary motor task does interfere with IVI, providing behavioural evidence that IVI appears to rely on motor system processes more than EVI. These results have important implications for the use of visual imagery perspectives across a number of domains, with this paper being an essential reference for those conducting visual imagery perspectives research.

2BALANCE: Test-retest reliability of a cognitive-motor dual-task protocol

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Maya Danneels ◽  
Ruth Van Hecke ◽  
Laura Leyssens ◽  
Dirk Cambier ◽  
Raymond van de Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Mental Rotation Task ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

PURPOSE: Aside from typical symptoms such as dizziness and vertigo, persons with vestibular disorders often have cognitive and motor problems. These symptoms have been assessed in single-task condition. However, dual-tasks assessing cognitive-motor interference might be an added value as they reflect daily life situations better. Therefore, the 2BALANCE protocol was developed. In the current study, the test-retest reliability of this protocol was assessed. METHODS: The 2BALANCE protocol was performed twice in 20 healthy young adults with an in-between test interval of two weeks. Two motor tasks and five different cognitive tasks were performed in single and dual-task condition. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), the standard error of measurement, and the minimal detectable difference were calculated. RESULTS: All cognitive tasks, with the exception of the mental rotation task, had favorable reliability results (0.26≤ICC≤0.91). The dynamic motor task indicated overall substantial reliability values in all conditions (0.67≤ICC≤0.98). Similar results were found for the static motor task during dual-tasking (0.50≤ICC≤0.92), but were slightly lower in single-task condition (–0.26≤ICC≤0.75). CONCLUSIONS: The 2BALANCE protocol was overall consistent across trials. However, the mental rotation task showed lowest reliability values.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Different Visual Imagery Perspectives and Narcissism on Motor Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Roberts ◽  
Nichola Callow ◽  
Lew Hardy ◽  
Tim Woodman ◽  
Laura Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Golf Putting ◽  
Imagery Group ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Inventory ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Improved Performance

Two studies examined the interactive effects of different visual imagery perspectives and narcissism on motor performance. In both studies participants completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-40: Raskin & Hall, 1979) and were assigned to either an internal visual imagery or external visual imagery group. Participants then performed a motor task (dart throwing in Study 1 and golf putting in Study 2) under conditions of practice, low self-enhancement, and high self-enhancement. Following completion of the respective tasks, participants were categorized into high and low narcissistic groups based on their NPI-40 scores. In both studies, high narcissists using external visual imagery significantly improved performance from the low to the high self-enhancement condition, whereas high narcissists using internal visual imagery did not. Low narcissists remained relatively constant in performance across self-enhancement conditions, regardless of perspective. The results highlight the importance of considering personality characteristics when examining the effects of visual imagery perspectives on performance.

scholarly journals Low educational status restrains mental resources management in dual tasks

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane A. Machado ◽  
Mariana C. Voos ◽  
Patrícia S. Teixeira ◽  
Maria E. Piemonte ◽  
Luiz Eduardo R. do Valle
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Visual Task ◽  
Dual Tasks ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Mental Resources ◽  
High Educational

Some studies have reported the influence of educational status on visual and motor tasks.The aim of this study was to compare the performance of adults with low (2.3±1.9 years of formal education) and high educational status (16.1±4.0 years) in a dual-task, composed of a visual and a motor task performed simultaneously.The visual task consisted of the presentation of two pictures that had to be verbally classified as equal or different. The motor task consisted of alternating steps from the floor to a stool.The tasks were assessed individually (simple-task) and associated (dual-task), and the performance in each condition was compared by ANOVAs. The low educational status group (LESG) committed more errors in the visual stimuli classification and performed a lower number of alternations of steps per second when compared to the high educational status group (HESG). During the dual-task performance, visual task errors increased and the number of alternations of steps per second decreased for both groups, in comparison with the single-task. However, the LESG was less accurate at classifying the stimuli during the dual-task condition than the HESG. Our findings suggest that having only a few years of formal education might decrease the ability to manage mental resources in dual-tasks.

Low educational status restrains mental resources management in dual tasks

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane A. Machado ◽  
Mariana C. Voos ◽  
Patrícia S. Teixeira ◽  
Maria E. Piemonte ◽  
Luiz Eduardo R. do Valle
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Visual Task ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Mental Resources ◽  
High Educational

Abstract: Some studies have reported the influence of educational status on visual and motor tasks. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of adults with low (2.3±1.9 years of formal education) and high educational status (16.1±4.0 years) in a dual-task, composed of a visual and a motor task performed simultaneously. The visual task consisted of the presentation of two pictures that had to be verbally classified as equal or different. The motor task consisted of alternating steps from the floor to a stool. The tasks were assessed individually (simple-task) and associated (dual-task), and the performance in each condition was compared by ANOVAs. The low educational status group (LESG) committed more errors in the visual stimuli classification and performed a lower number of alternations of steps per second when compared to the high educational status group (HESG). During the dual-task performance, visual task errors increased and the number of alternations of steps per second decreased for both groups, in comparison with the single-task. However, the LESG was less accurate at classifying the stimuli during the dual-task condition than the HESG. Our findings suggest that having only a few years of formal education might decrease the ability to manage mental resources in dual-tasks.Key Words: Tasks performance and analysis, attention, motor activity, educational status, visual perception.

Effects of Concurrent Manual Task Performance on Connected Speech Acoustics in Individuals With Parkinson Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 2099-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Whitfield ◽  
Zoe Kriegel ◽  
Adam M. Fullenkamp ◽  
Daryush D. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Speech Acoustics ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Manual Task ◽  
Task Conditions

Purpose Prior investigations suggest that simultaneous performance of more than 1 motor-oriented task may exacerbate speech motor deficits in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the extent to which performing a low-demand manual task affected the connected speech in individuals with and without PD. Method Individuals with PD and neurologically healthy controls performed speech tasks (reading and extemporaneous speech tasks) and an oscillatory manual task (a counterclockwise circle-drawing task) in isolation (single-task condition) and concurrently (dual-task condition). Results Relative to speech task performance, no changes in speech acoustics were observed for either group when the low-demand motor task was performed with the concurrent reading tasks. Speakers with PD exhibited a significant decrease in pause duration between the single-task (speech only) and dual-task conditions for the extemporaneous speech task, whereas control participants did not exhibit changes in any speech production variable between the single- and dual-task conditions. Conclusions Overall, there were little to no changes in speech production when a low-demand oscillatory motor task was performed with concurrent reading. For the extemporaneous task, however, individuals with PD exhibited significant changes when the speech and manual tasks were performed concurrently, a pattern that was not observed for control speakers. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8637008

Dual-task interference during initial learning of a new motor task results from competition for the same brain areas

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 2517-2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Rémy ◽  
Nicole Wenderoth ◽  
Karen Lipkens ◽  
Stephan P. Swinnen
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Task Interference ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Initial Learning ◽  
Dual Task Interference

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Embodied Mental Imagery Improves Memory

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110092
Author(s):  
Quentin Marre ◽  
Nathalie Huet ◽  
Elodie Labeye
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Memory Efficiency ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Perspective ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Emotional Systems

According to embodied cognition theory, cognitive processes are grounded in sensory, motor and emotional systems. This theory supports the idea that language comprehension and access to memory are based on sensorimotor mental simulations, which does indeed explain experimental results for visual imagery. These results show that word memorization is improved when the individual actively simulates the visual characteristics of the object to be learned. Very few studies, however, have investigated the effectiveness of more embodied mental simulations, that is, simulating both the sensory and motor aspects of the object (i.e., motor imagery) from a first-person perspective. The recall performances of 83 adults were analysed in four different conditions: mental rehearsal, visual imagery, third-person motor imagery, and first-person motor imagery. Results revealed a memory efficiency gradient running from low-embodiment strategies (i.e., involving poor perceptual and/or motor simulation) to high-embodiment strategies (i.e., rich simulation in the sensory and motor systems involved in interactions with the object). However, the benefit of engaging in motor imagery, as opposed to purely visual imagery, was only observed when participants adopted the first-person perspective. Surprisingly, visual and motor imagery vividness seemed to play a negligible role in this effect of the sensorimotor grounding of mental imagery on memory efficiency.

scholarly journals Dual-Task Obstacle Crossing Training Could Immediately Improve Ability to Control a Complex Motor Task and Cognitive Activity in Chronic Ambulatory Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-270
Author(s):  
Sugalya Amatachaya ◽  
Kitiyawadee Srisim ◽  
Preeda Arrayawichanon ◽  
Thiwabhorn Thaweewannakij ◽  
Pipatana Amatachaya
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Test Task ◽  
Obstacle Crossing ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Task Training ◽  
Dual Task Training

Background: The effectiveness of dual-task training has been reported in individuals with cognitive impairments. To date, there is no clear evidence on the incorporation of dual-task training in ambulatory individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who have intact cognitive functions but have various degrees of sensorimotor dysfunction. Objectives: To compare the immediate effects of dual-task obstacle crossing (DTOC) and single-task obstacle crossing (STOC) training on functional and cognitive abilities in chronic ambulatory participants with SCI. Methods: This is a randomized 2 × 2 crossover design with blinded assessors. Twenty-two participants were randomly trained using a 30-minute DTOC and STOC training program with a 2-day washout period. Outcomes, including 10-Meter Walk Tests (single- and dual-task tests), percent of Stroop Color and Word Test task errors, Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and five times sit-to-stand test, were measured immediately before and after each training program. Results: Participants showed significant improvement in all outcomes following both training programs ( p < .05), except percent of Stroop Color and Word Test task errors after STOC training. Obvious differences between the training programs were found for the percent of Stroop task errors and TUG ( ps = .014 and .06). Conclusion: Obstacle crossing is a demanding task, thus the obvious improvement was found immediately after both training programs in participants with long post-injury time (approximately 5 years). However, the findings primarily suggest the superior effects of DTOC over STOC on a complex motor task and cognitive activity. A further randomized control trial incorporating a complex dual-task test is needed to strengthen evidence for the benefit of DTOC for these individuals.

scholarly journals Modifications in Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation in Linear and Curvilinear Dual Task Walking: A Combined fNIRS and IMUs Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6159
Author(s):  
Valeria Belluscio ◽  
Gabriele Casti ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
Valentina Quaresima ◽  
Maria Sofia Sappia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Gait Quality

Increased oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been observed during linear walking, particularly when there is a high attention demand on the task, like in dual-task (DT) paradigms. Despite the knowledge that cognitive and motor demands depend on the complexity of the motor task, most studies have only focused on usual walking, while little is known for more challenging tasks, such as curved paths. To explore the relationship between cortical activation and gait biomechanics, 20 healthy young adults were asked to perform linear and curvilinear walking trajectories in single-task and DT conditions. PFC activation was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, while gait quality with four inertial measurement units. The Figure-of-8-Walk-Test was adopted as the curvilinear trajectory, with the “Serial 7s” test as concurrent cognitive task. Results show that walking along curvilinear trajectories in DT led to increased PFC activation and decreased motor performance. Under DT walking, the neural correlates of executive function and gait control tend to be modified in response to the cognitive resources imposed by the motor task. Being more representative of real-life situations, this approach to curved walking has the potential to reveal crucial information and to improve people’ s balance, safety, and life’s quality.

scholarly journals Do Functionally Fit Elderly Community-Dwelling Subjects Have Enough Time to Safely Cross the Road?

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darija Rugelj ◽  
Marija Tomšič ◽  
France Sevšek
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Dual Task Condition ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Task Conditions

Elderly people are the most vulnerable group in urban traffic and a large proportion of them are as pedestrians victims of traffic accidents. The majority of these happen while crossing the road. Crossing a busy road at an intersection with traffic lights or without them is a typical dual task condition requiring a motor task i.e. walking and a cognitive task such as monitoring traffic. The purpose of present study was to compare the walking speed and the related spatio-temporal gait variables of fallers and non-fallers in three walking conditions against the speeds required by regulations in Slovenia for safe street crossing. To assess the spatio-temporal characteristics of gait we used a 7m instrumented walkway.The general results showed that the spatio-temporal gait parameters did not differ between the two groups at the self-selected speed. But as soon as a constraint, such as fast walking speed, was imposed on the subjects the differences between the groups became evident. Fallers demonstrated a significantly slower mean gait velocity and shorter stride length while the cadence and the base of support did not differ between the two groups. In dual task conditions the difference between the two groups reached 25 percent. The fallers group gait velocity dropped to 0.99 m/s. The observed walking speed was slower than considered by the guidelines for the design of traffic light equipped road crossing.In conclusion, the results of walking speed under dual task conditions could be a useful parameter for planning of optimal pedestrian crossing in urban areas. These results will serve for the design of a population based study in Ljubljana.

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