Child Care Reform and Labour Market Participation by Women

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pru Goward
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Children's Services ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
The Relationship

Reforms to the Commonwealth Government's Children's Services Program in the 1996 and 1997 Budgets have attracted considerable comment. Much of this comment has been predicated on the basis of a direct and causal link between changes to child care and changes in the participation of women with young children in the labour force. Evidence of changes to the labour market participation of women is very limited. Furthermore, the relationship between the labour market participation of women and child care is complicated by a range of other influences which makes drawing simple conclusions difficult.

Helpt kinderopvang de herintreding van moeders stimuleren?

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Fouarge
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Regional Demand ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Formal Childcare

Does more childcare stimulate mothers to re-enter the labour market? Does more childcare stimulate mothers to re-enter the labour market? Previous research has shown that the supply of formal childcare facilities has a positive effect on the labour market participation of mothers with young children. When the supply of childcare facilities is higher, the probability that a female keeps on working after the birth of a child is larger. But does childcare also helps non-working mothers to join the labour force? This research shows that it is not the case. The research was carried out on administrative panel data to which data on the regional supply of childcare and the regional demand for labour were matched. It shows that the supply of childcare does not play a significant role in the re-entry in the labour market of mothers. The age of the child and the demand for labour in the region play an important role.

Child-Care Services and the Urban Labour Market. Part 2: Modelling the Relationships between Child-Care Service Accessibility and Labour-Market Participation

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1675-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Webster ◽  
S White
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Child Care Services ◽  
Urban Labour Market

In part 1 of this appear we reviewed the principal features and failures of the market for child-care services in cities. A theoretical framework was developed which generated testable labour-supply and service-supply functions. In part 2, an empirical study is reported in which aggregate versions of those functions are calibrated for the supply of labour from mothers with young children and for the supply of childminding services. Special attention has been given to creating a meaningful measure of accessible childminding services. The results indicate that urban labour-market participation among mothers with young children is very responsive to the level of accessible childminders, ceteris paribus. Further, there is evidence that, at current levels of childminding activity in the cities studied, the elasticity of labour supply with respect to service supply is approximately unity, implying that child-care supply is a binding constraint on labour-force participation. Evidence is also found to support the view that childminder supply is quite insensitive to demand.

Jobs calculator – a tool for short-term forecasting of changes in the labour market

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Maria Bieć ◽  
Ewa Gałecka-Burdziak ◽  
Paweł Kaczorowski ◽  
Robert Pater
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Short Term Forecasting ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the article is to present a modified and extended version of a jobs calculator – a tool used to perform simulations of the relationship between the unemployment and employment rates while adopting different assumptions regarding the potential trends in Poles’ professional activity and in shaping the size of Poland’s population. The user of the calculator sets the value of the target unemployment rate, and the tool calculates the number of jobs whose creation and filling would be necessary to obtain the desired level of the unemployment rate. The current version of the jobs calculator application has been enhanced compared to the original one in such a way that it allows modifying parameters characterizing the labour market (the labour market participation rate and the rate of the population growth) and creating forecasts within a defined time span. The calculator utilises data from the Labour Force Survey. The paper presents labour market forecasts until 2022 as well as the results of a simulation performed on the data from Labour Force Survey for the 3rd quarter of 2018.

scholarly journals Effects of Generational Competition and Substitution on Late Labour Participation and Labour Market Exit from a Multilevel Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette Engelhardt ◽  
Christopher Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Cohort Size ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Early Exit ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Negative Effect

In this paper, we investigate the effects of demographic, economic and labour market structures on labour market participation and on the transition to inactivity (exit) for older males in eleven European countries. Theoretically, our analysis is guided by considerations of intragenerational competition and intergenerational substitution. Following Easterlin’s hypothesis that intragenerational competition rises with cohort size, we assume a negative effect of cohort size on labour market participation and a positive effect on early exit from the labour market. Taking into account that different cohorts are substitutes at least to a certain extent, we assume that the probability of an early exit will be reduced by a high intergenerational exchange ratio in favour of older workers. Thus, labour market participation is influenced by the populations’ age structure both when entering the labour force and during the career. Moreover, low shares of graduates in older cohorts are expected to reduce older workers’ chances of labour market participation. In addition to demographic structures, general economic conditions, such as per capita GDP and its development over time, act both to further and to hamper the employment of older workers. Additionally, labour market structures, such as unemployment rates, the extent of part-time work or the amount of service jobs influence individual participation and the transition to inactivity. To test these hypotheses, we use merged data from the first two waves of SHARE and macro-level indicators from Eurostat. We estimate a two-level random-intercept logit model which allows us to determine the share of variance in international late careers that can be attributed to country-specific factors and can quantify the relative impact of specific socio-demographic and socio-economic backgrounds. Our results imply that cross-national variance in labour market participation is mainly driven by the instance of long-term unemployment and the share of highly-educated older men. While our analyses reveal some evidence of intragenerational competition, we do not find evidence of intergenerational competition forcing early exit or decreasing participation.

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