Immigrant supply of marketable child care and native fertility in Italy

The availability of child-care services has often been advocated as one of the instruments to counter the fertility decline observed in many high-income countries. In the recent past, large inflows of low-skilled migrants have substantially increased the supply of child-care services. In this paper, we examine if immigration has actually affected fertility exploiting the natural experiment occurred in Italy in 2007, when a large inflow of migrants—many of them specialized in the supply of child care—arrived unexpectedly. With a difference-in-differences method, we show that immigrant female workers have increased native births by a number that ranges roughly from 2% to 4%. We validate our result by the implementation of an instrumental variable approach and several robustness tests, all concluding that the increase in the supply of child-care services by immigrant women has positively affected native fertility.

STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND ACCEPTANCE OF PPIUCD IN ANTENATAL PATIENTS

Objectives: To nd out the knowledge, attitude and acceptance of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices (PPIUCD) among antenatal mothers. Methodology: This is an observational study conducted in MMCH medical college Muzaffarnagar to assess knowledge, attitude and acceptance regarding PPIUCD by antenatal mothers with family members by pre counseling and post counseling questionnaire. Results: A total of 120 antenatal mothers were studied from September 2020 to December 2020. Number of primi and multigravida were almost same in the study. Prior acceptance regarding PPIUCD was only in 15.0%. About 44.16% accepted for PPIUCD after counseling. Most common reason in 50.74% for non acceptance was fear of complications. Conclusion: Knowledge on PPIUCD of our antenatal mothers is poor. Counseling of antenatal women and their families is helpful for high acceptance of PPIUCD.For these women, the only opportunity to receive information about contraceptives is during childbirth when they are in contact with medical personnel. Hence, it is suggested that family planning should be integrated with maternal and child-care services in order to effectively promote the use of contraceptive devices in these women who otherwise would not seek the use of such a device.

Policy Frameworks and Parental Choice: Using Conjoint Analysis to Understand Parental Decision Making for Child Care

Many children in Canada and the United States experience poor-quality child care on a regular basis. Under the rubric of “parent choice,” governments continue to permit a variety of licensed care providers (centers and homes) as well as unlicensed home child care providers. Research suggests, however, that parents are not well-informed consumers about child care services, unaware of even the basic characteristics of their child’s care. In this study, we provide findings from a latent profile analysis based on a conjoint survey conducted in Toronto, Canada to better understand the factors that influence parents’ decisions in selecting child care services. Based on responses from over 700 parents, we identify five classes of parents that reflect a range of preferences in selecting child care. However, most groups show a strong preference for licensed early childhood education and care (ECEC) options. Limitations of this study and implications for policy are discussed.

Family Choices on Welfare and Territorial Disadvantages: The Perception of the Child Care Services Approach in Urban and Rural Areas

Although the research on social-economic and demographic inequities of parents and their approach to formal child care (early childhood education and care [ECEC] system) is increasing, the territorial effects on child care remain underresearched. In Lithuania, the importance of the accessibility and availability of formal child care services are highlighted by the political agenda. However, the residential location is not considered enough to explain the differences in parental approach to child care in rural and urban regions. The article seeks to analyze how families’ child care choices and family welfare priorities are related to parental socioeconomic backgrounds, territorial dimension (residential location of parents), and general life satisfaction. The article uses the subsample of representative population survey data of the working-age generation cohort (34–48 years old cohort), focusing on respondents who have children below 4 years old and benefit from formal child care services in Lithuania. The main results contribute to explaining parental preferences to benefits-in-cash or services-in-kind (child care) family welfare priorities and their socioeconomic backgrounds, including residential location. The less is the residential location size (rural areas), the more likely respondents would support the benefits-in-cash system rather than formal child care services.