Child-Care Services and the Urban Labour Market. Part 2: Modelling the Relationships between Child-Care Service Accessibility and Labour-Market Participation

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1675-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Webster ◽  
S White
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Child Care Services ◽  
Urban Labour Market

In part 1 of this appear we reviewed the principal features and failures of the market for child-care services in cities. A theoretical framework was developed which generated testable labour-supply and service-supply functions. In part 2, an empirical study is reported in which aggregate versions of those functions are calibrated for the supply of labour from mothers with young children and for the supply of childminding services. Special attention has been given to creating a meaningful measure of accessible childminding services. The results indicate that urban labour-market participation among mothers with young children is very responsive to the level of accessible childminders, ceteris paribus. Further, there is evidence that, at current levels of childminding activity in the cities studied, the elasticity of labour supply with respect to service supply is approximately unity, implying that child-care supply is a binding constraint on labour-force participation. Evidence is also found to support the view that childminder supply is quite insensitive to demand.

Child Care Reform and Labour Market Participation by Women

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pru Goward
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Children's Services ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
The Relationship

Reforms to the Commonwealth Government's Children's Services Program in the 1996 and 1997 Budgets have attracted considerable comment. Much of this comment has been predicated on the basis of a direct and causal link between changes to child care and changes in the participation of women with young children in the labour force. Evidence of changes to the labour market participation of women is very limited. Furthermore, the relationship between the labour market participation of women and child care is complicated by a range of other influences which makes drawing simple conclusions difficult.

Helpt kinderopvang de herintreding van moeders stimuleren?

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Fouarge
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Regional Demand ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Formal Childcare

Does more childcare stimulate mothers to re-enter the labour market? Does more childcare stimulate mothers to re-enter the labour market? Previous research has shown that the supply of formal childcare facilities has a positive effect on the labour market participation of mothers with young children. When the supply of childcare facilities is higher, the probability that a female keeps on working after the birth of a child is larger. But does childcare also helps non-working mothers to join the labour force? This research shows that it is not the case. The research was carried out on administrative panel data to which data on the regional supply of childcare and the regional demand for labour were matched. It shows that the supply of childcare does not play a significant role in the re-entry in the labour market of mothers. The age of the child and the demand for labour in the region play an important role.

Exclusion of Sick Children from Child Care Services

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Susan E Furber
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Sick Child ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Family Leave ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Alternative Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Child Care Service ◽  
Child Care Services ◽  
Sick Children

A survey was conducted to determine the types of problems directors of child care services experience in excluding sick children from their service. A questionnaire was sent to directors of all child care services in the Eastern Sydney Area. The major problems reported by directors were diagnosing the likely cause of illness; knowing whether the symptoms warrant exclusion; and convincing parents to keep their sick child at home. Most directors felt that parents, relatives or friends should take care of sick children. Directors also suggested that awards allowing for family leave to care for sick children, the provision of a room for sick children in the child care service, and special centres for sick children may benefit working parents with sick children. Problems associated with the exclusion of sick children would be ameliorated by the provision of more information as well as a range of alternative care arrangements for working parents with sick children.

scholarly journals Labour Supply and Inequality Effects of In-Work Benefits: Evidence from Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saša Ranđelović ◽  
Jelena Žarković Rakić ◽  
Marko Vladisavljević ◽  
Sunčica Vujić
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Supply Model ◽  
Redistributive Effects ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Equal Income

AbstractLow labour market participation, together with the high effective tax wedge at low wage levels, create a fertile ground for the introduction of the in-work benefits (IWB) in Serbia. Our paper provides an ex-ante evaluation of the two IWB schemes, directed at stimulating the labour supply and more equal income distribution. The methodological approach combines the tax-and-benefit microsimulation model with the discrete labour supply model. Our results show that both individual and family-based IWB schemes would considerably boost labour market participation, although family-based benefits would have disincentivizing effects for the secondary earners in couples. Most of the behavioural changes take place among the poorest individuals, with significant redistributive effects.

Support for Traditional Female Roles across 32 Countries: Female Labour Market Participation, Policy Models and Gender Differences

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéfanie André ◽  
Stéfanie André ◽  
Maurice Gesthuizen ◽  
Stéfanie André ◽  
Maurice Gesthuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Contextual Effect ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Female Labour Market Participation ◽  
Female Roles ◽  
And Gender

Abstract In this research we study support for traditional female roles. We test individual and contextual explanations for differences in support for traditional female roles within and across 32 countries. Higher educated, employed people and those who do not adhere to a religion are least supportive. The higher the female labour market participation, the less traditional the average citizen is: this contextual effect is stronger for women than for men. Governmental child care expenditure does not affect average levels of support for traditional female roles. Yet, we do find a significant drop in traditional attitudes for men, when governments spend more on child care. This shows the importance of including the possibility of differences in contextual effects for men and women.

scholarly journals Do pensions reduce the incentive to work? Evidence from Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (219) ◽  
pp. 33-59
Author(s):  
Nguyen Cuong ◽  
Mohamed Arouri
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Panel Surveys ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Household Members ◽  
The Impact

In this study we investigate the impact of the receipt of contributory and social pensions on the labour supply of individuals in Egypt, using individual fixed-effect regressions and panel data from the Egypt Labour Market Panel Surveys in 2006 and 2012. The study compares the effect of social pensions and contributory pensions. We find that the receipt of contributory pensions reduces the probability of working as well as the probability of having a waged job of household members aged from 15. The receipt of social pensions has no significant effect on the probability of working for those aged 15-60. However, receiving social pensions can reduce both working and labour market participation of people aged over 60.

Hoe gezond is werken?

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Collewet ◽  
Jaap de Koning
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
The Individual

How healthy is working? How healthy is working? This article aims at gaining more insight in the effect of labour market participation on health in the Dutch context. The positive relation between labour market participation and health has often been emphasized in the policy discussions. However, existing research insufficiently takes into account the reciprocal relationship between labour market participation and health. In this article, we control for the role of background variables which are likely to influence both labour market participation and health by using panel techniques. We use data from the Dutch Labour Supply Panel (formerly called ‘OSA Work Supply Panel’). We find that the statement that ‘work is good for your health’ should be nuanced. Our results show that the effect of labour market participation on health is dependent on characteristics of the individual, weekly working time, job characteristics, and non-paid activities and the possibility to combine those with paid work, and available types of non-work.

Child-Care Services and the Urban Labour Market. Part 1: The Urban Child-Care Market

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1419-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Webster ◽  
S D White
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Urban Child ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Personal Social Service ◽  
Female Labour Market Participation ◽  
Child Care Services ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
The One

In this two-part paper we examine some of the market characteristics of urban child-care services. Part 1 is concerned with theory. In it we review the contemporary child-care and preschool education service issue; consider questions of market efficiency and equity, and formulate these in a general equilibrium model which generates testable household labour-supply and service-supply functions. In part 2 we report on an empirical study in which aggregate versions of these functions are calibrated for the supply of labour from mothers with young children and for the supply of childminding services. We focus on the childminder sector, which is of interest as a personal social service that has traditionally been left to the private sector and as a private service with relatively easy entry and exit. These models yield interesting results which indicate on the one hand that access to child-care services is a binding constraint on female labour-market participation and on the other, that the supply of child-care services is quite unresponsive to demand.

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