scholarly journals NONSPECIFIC ESTERASES IN THE MYONEURAL JUNCTION OF HUMAN STRIATED MUSCLE

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 798-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. CHOKROVERTY ◽  
K. S. PARAMESWAR ◽  
C. CO
Keyword(s):  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Selective Inhibitors ◽  
Myoneural Junction ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Peroneus Brevis ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterases

By the use of acetyl- and butyrylthiocholine and α-naphthyl acetate as substrates and selective inhibitors, we have shown the presence of both specific and nonspecific esterases in the myoneural junction of vastus medialis and peroneus brevis muscles of normal subjects as well as in paretic muscles of hemiplegic patients. The presence of nonspecific esterases in human myoneural junction has not been recorded previously. The nonspecific esterases in our fixed tissue were noted to be predominantly E600-sensitive at 10–5 M concentration although resistant at 10–6 M and 5 x 10–6 M concentration.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF ESTERASES IN THE MYONEURAL JUNCTION OF THE STRIATED MUSCLE OF THE RAT

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. ERÄNKÖ ◽  
H. TERÄVÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Selective Inhibitors ◽  
Myoneural Junction ◽  
Terminal Axon ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity

Distribution of esterases in the myoneural junction of the striated muscle of the rat was studied using acetylthiocholine, butyrylthiochobine and α-naphthyl acetate as substrates, together with selective inhibitors. Acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in the peripheral complex of synaptic folds. Nonspecific cholinesterase was detected in the peripheral complex of synaptic folds and the teloglia with approximately equal activities. Nonspecific esterase activity, present in tissues incubated with eserine, was marked in the terminal axon and was also present in the teloglia and synaptic folds.

scholarly journals HISTOCHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NONSPECIFIC ESTERASES OF THE SMALL INTESTINE OF THE RAT

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUCE FRIEDMAN ◽  
DONALD S. STRACHAN ◽  
MAYNARD M. DEWEY
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Acetate Ester ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity ◽  
Nonspecific Esterases

With α-naphthyl butyrate and α-naphthyl acetate as substrates nonspecific esterase activity was demonstrated in both the crypt epithelium and epithelium covering the villus of the small intestine of the rat. This distribution of enzymatic activity does not correspond to the distribution of the so-called "absorptive epithelium." Starch gel electrophoretic analysis of intestinal homogenates showed a spectrum of enzymatically active fractions which hydrolyzed both substrates. The number of enzymic fractions and their electrophoretic mobilities were the same with both substrates, but the butyrate ester was hydrolyzed 2.5 times more rapidly than the acetate ester. These observations are discussed in relation to the rapid differentiation which occurs as cells migrate from the intestinal crypts onto the surface of the villus.

Peroneus Brevis Tendon in Normal Subjects: MR Morphology and Its Relationship to Longitudinal Tears

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehava Sadka Rosenberg ◽  
Jurgen Rademaker ◽  
Javier Beltran ◽  
Edgar Colon
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Peroneus Brevis

Fractionation and further characterization of granulocytic and monocytic alpha-naphthyl acetate (ANAE) esterases.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Scott ◽  
D Hough ◽  
A G Bynoe ◽  
D B Jones ◽  
B E Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monocytic Differentiation ◽  
Isoelectric Points ◽  
Monocytic Lineage ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterases

Following characterization of myeloid nonspecific esterases by isoelectric focusing (IEF), two main groups of alpha-naphthyl acetate (ANAE) esterase isoenzymes were defined and fractionated from cytoplasmic extracts by chromato focusing techniques according to differences in their isoelectric points (pI). The first of these ANAE enzyme groups was common to leukocytes of both granulocytic and monocytic lineage, while the other, which characteristically comprised a group of isoenzymes within the pI range 5.5-6.1, was specifically associated with monocytic differentiation. The properties of the two purified ANAE enzyme fractions were compared by inhibition (heat and sodium fluoride) and further electrophoretic studies, and the results discussed in relation to the cytochemical characterization of these enzymes as markers of specific myeloid cell differentiation.

scholarly journals Nonspecific esterase of B lymphocytes from a case of chronic lymhocytic leukemia and of normal T lymphocytes: similar constellations of isoenzymes

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
J Yourno ◽  
P Burkart ◽  
W Mastropaolo ◽  
A Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Focal Pattern ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterases

Lymphocytes from a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were obtained in a highly purified state from a therapeutic leukapheresis preparation. The CLL lymphocytes showed a fine, scattered, granular pattern of nonspecific esterase cytochemical reactivity with either alpha-naphthyl acetate (alpha NA) or alpha-naphthyl butyrate (alpha NB) substrate as opposed to the more focal pattern of control (T) lymphocytes. Nonspecific esterase of CLL lymphocytes and normal control lymphocytes was equally resistant to inhibition by fluoride ion. Extractable nonspecific esterases from the CLL lymphocytes and from purified normal T lymphocytes were indistinguishable in regard to specific activity, substrate specificity, pH optima, and zymogram profiles on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5 and pH 4.0. Zymograms of alpha NA esterase and alpha NB esterase prepared by isoelectric focusing were also similar, with no unequivocal differences. These results are consistent with recent reports that B lymphocytes contain detectable nonspecific esterase and suggest that the B lymphocytes from this case of CLL contained a constellation of isoenzymes similar to that of normal T lymphocytes. This is interpreted as a reflection of the close kinship of these cells.

Effect of atropine on esophageal motor function in humans

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (4) ◽  
pp. G290-G296 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Dodds ◽  
J. Dent ◽  
W. J. Hogan ◽  
R. C. Arndorfer
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Primary Peristalsis ◽  
Neural Input ◽  
Manometric Studies ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter

In this study, we used a high-fidelity manometric recording system to quantitate the effects of atropine on lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and primary peristalsis (1 degree P). A sleeve sensor recorded LES pressure, and seven recording orifices spaced at 3-cm intervals registered motor activity in the esophageal body. Five randomized manometric studies were done in each of five normal subjects. LES pressure and 1 degree P with wet swallows were recorded for 30 min before and 70 min after intravenous injection of saline or atropine, 3, 6, 12, and 24 micrograms/kg. We also studied the effect of atropine on LES pressure in five additional subjects, four dogs, four opossums, and six monkeys. In humans, saline and 3 micrograms/kg atropine caused no significant change in pulse rate, LES pressure, or the incidence of complete peristaltic sequences. The 6, 12, and 24 micrograms/kg atropine doses caused significant inhibition of LES pressure and the incidence of intact 1 degree P. Only the 12 and 24 micrograms/kg doses increased pulse rate. When 1 degree P occurred in the smooth muscle portion of the esophagus its appearance in the proximal portion of the smooth muscle segment was delayed for several seconds. The amplitude of 1 degree P was decreased 30-60% in the smooth muscle segment, but 1 degree P was not affected in the proximal striated muscle esophageal segment. Atropine reduced canine LES pressure substantially but caused no change in opossums or monkeys. We conclude that 1) basal LES tone in humans and dogs, unlike that of the opossum and monkey, is partially generated by cholinergic neural input, 2) cholinergic nerves elicit 1 degree P in human esophageal smooth muscle, and 3) species variation exists in esophageal responses to atropine.

scholarly journals Nonspecific esterase of B lymphocytes from a case of chronic lymhocytic leukemia and of normal T lymphocytes: similar constellations of isoenzymes

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Yourno ◽  
P Burkart ◽  
W Mastropaolo ◽  
A Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Focal Pattern ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterases

Abstract Lymphocytes from a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were obtained in a highly purified state from a therapeutic leukapheresis preparation. The CLL lymphocytes showed a fine, scattered, granular pattern of nonspecific esterase cytochemical reactivity with either alpha-naphthyl acetate (alpha NA) or alpha-naphthyl butyrate (alpha NB) substrate as opposed to the more focal pattern of control (T) lymphocytes. Nonspecific esterase of CLL lymphocytes and normal control lymphocytes was equally resistant to inhibition by fluoride ion. Extractable nonspecific esterases from the CLL lymphocytes and from purified normal T lymphocytes were indistinguishable in regard to specific activity, substrate specificity, pH optima, and zymogram profiles on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5 and pH 4.0. Zymograms of alpha NA esterase and alpha NB esterase prepared by isoelectric focusing were also similar, with no unequivocal differences. These results are consistent with recent reports that B lymphocytes contain detectable nonspecific esterase and suggest that the B lymphocytes from this case of CLL contained a constellation of isoenzymes similar to that of normal T lymphocytes. This is interpreted as a reflection of the close kinship of these cells.

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