scholarly journals HISTOCHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NONSPECIFIC ESTERASES OF THE SMALL INTESTINE OF THE RAT

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUCE FRIEDMAN ◽  
DONALD S. STRACHAN ◽  
MAYNARD M. DEWEY
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Acetate Ester ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity ◽  
Nonspecific Esterases

With α-naphthyl butyrate and α-naphthyl acetate as substrates nonspecific esterase activity was demonstrated in both the crypt epithelium and epithelium covering the villus of the small intestine of the rat. This distribution of enzymatic activity does not correspond to the distribution of the so-called "absorptive epithelium." Starch gel electrophoretic analysis of intestinal homogenates showed a spectrum of enzymatically active fractions which hydrolyzed both substrates. The number of enzymic fractions and their electrophoretic mobilities were the same with both substrates, but the butyrate ester was hydrolyzed 2.5 times more rapidly than the acetate ester. These observations are discussed in relation to the rapid differentiation which occurs as cells migrate from the intestinal crypts onto the surface of the villus.

scholarly journals Enzyme histochemistry of monocytes/macrophages: a study in a murine model of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Iskandar ◽  
S N Emancipator ◽  
T G Pretlow
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complex ◽  
Enzyme Histochemistry ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity ◽  
Nonspecific Esterases

In a model of immune complex glomerulonephritis in BALB/c mice, cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage (M phi), identifiable by electron microscopy, infiltrate the glomerulus. In spite of this, no unequivocal nonspecific esterase activity can be demonstrated histochemically in the glomeruli. On the other hand, many mononuclear cells with strong acid phosphatase activity are consistently present. This observation is in line with other studies that have demonstrated the heterogeneity of enzyme profiles in different M phi populations. Despite the wide acceptance of nonspecific esterases as markers for M phi, the present study indicates that exclusive reliance on a single marker in investigating the participation of M phi in a pathological process can lead to erroneous conclusions. Use of multiple markers and preferably multiple investigative modalities is recommended.

scholarly journals KIDNEY ESTERASES OF THE MOUSE (MUS MUSCULUS): ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF INBRED LINES C57BL/6J, RF/J AND SJL/J

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK H. RUDDLE
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Starch Gel

The water soluble esterases extracted from the kidney tissue of three inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6J, RF/J and SJL/J) are described. The analysis of the esterases was performed by means of starch gel electrophoresis. Between 25 and 30 esterase active sites (bands) were identified. A description and a classification are given for these esterases. Classification is based on relative electrophoretic mobilities and pharmacological properties of the esterases. Esterase polymorphisms are described between the three inbred strains studied. Esterase sexumal dimorphisms are also reported for these strains. Finally, information is given regarding the contribution ( i.e., contamination) of serum esterases to the kidney esterase patterns.

scholarly journals Nonspecific esterase of B lymphocytes from a case of chronic lymhocytic leukemia and of normal T lymphocytes: similar constellations of isoenzymes

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
J Yourno ◽  
P Burkart ◽  
W Mastropaolo ◽  
A Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Focal Pattern ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterases

Lymphocytes from a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were obtained in a highly purified state from a therapeutic leukapheresis preparation. The CLL lymphocytes showed a fine, scattered, granular pattern of nonspecific esterase cytochemical reactivity with either alpha-naphthyl acetate (alpha NA) or alpha-naphthyl butyrate (alpha NB) substrate as opposed to the more focal pattern of control (T) lymphocytes. Nonspecific esterase of CLL lymphocytes and normal control lymphocytes was equally resistant to inhibition by fluoride ion. Extractable nonspecific esterases from the CLL lymphocytes and from purified normal T lymphocytes were indistinguishable in regard to specific activity, substrate specificity, pH optima, and zymogram profiles on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5 and pH 4.0. Zymograms of alpha NA esterase and alpha NB esterase prepared by isoelectric focusing were also similar, with no unequivocal differences. These results are consistent with recent reports that B lymphocytes contain detectable nonspecific esterase and suggest that the B lymphocytes from this case of CLL contained a constellation of isoenzymes similar to that of normal T lymphocytes. This is interpreted as a reflection of the close kinship of these cells.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF ESTERASES IN THE MYONEURAL JUNCTION OF THE STRIATED MUSCLE OF THE RAT

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. ERÄNKÖ ◽  
H. TERÄVÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Selective Inhibitors ◽  
Myoneural Junction ◽  
Terminal Axon ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity

Distribution of esterases in the myoneural junction of the striated muscle of the rat was studied using acetylthiocholine, butyrylthiochobine and α-naphthyl acetate as substrates, together with selective inhibitors. Acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in the peripheral complex of synaptic folds. Nonspecific cholinesterase was detected in the peripheral complex of synaptic folds and the teloglia with approximately equal activities. Nonspecific esterase activity, present in tissues incubated with eserine, was marked in the terminal axon and was also present in the teloglia and synaptic folds.

scholarly journals Nonspecific esterase of B lymphocytes from a case of chronic lymhocytic leukemia and of normal T lymphocytes: similar constellations of isoenzymes

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Yourno ◽  
P Burkart ◽  
W Mastropaolo ◽  
A Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Focal Pattern ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterases

Abstract Lymphocytes from a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were obtained in a highly purified state from a therapeutic leukapheresis preparation. The CLL lymphocytes showed a fine, scattered, granular pattern of nonspecific esterase cytochemical reactivity with either alpha-naphthyl acetate (alpha NA) or alpha-naphthyl butyrate (alpha NB) substrate as opposed to the more focal pattern of control (T) lymphocytes. Nonspecific esterase of CLL lymphocytes and normal control lymphocytes was equally resistant to inhibition by fluoride ion. Extractable nonspecific esterases from the CLL lymphocytes and from purified normal T lymphocytes were indistinguishable in regard to specific activity, substrate specificity, pH optima, and zymogram profiles on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5 and pH 4.0. Zymograms of alpha NA esterase and alpha NB esterase prepared by isoelectric focusing were also similar, with no unequivocal differences. These results are consistent with recent reports that B lymphocytes contain detectable nonspecific esterase and suggest that the B lymphocytes from this case of CLL contained a constellation of isoenzymes similar to that of normal T lymphocytes. This is interpreted as a reflection of the close kinship of these cells.

scholarly journals Nonspecific esterase activity expressed in Weibel-Palade bodies of cloned guinea pig aortic endothelial cells.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Monahan-Earley ◽  
T Isomura ◽  
R I Garcia ◽  
S J Galli ◽  
H F Dvorak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity ◽  
Aortic Endothelial

We studied the localization of nonspecific esterase activities in cloned guinea pig aortic endothelial cells using ultrastructural cytochemistry. Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB), which are known to contain von Willebrand protein, were positive for esterase, defining a heretofore unrecognized activity of these organelles. Esterase activity was also found localized to the external surface of the plasma membrane, to cytoplasmic lipid bodies, and to the outer (cytoplasm-facing) surface of certain membrane-bound cytoplasmic vacuoles. Localization of esterase activity to these four discrete sites probably reflects the presence of a number of endothelial cell enzymes capable of hydrolyzing alpha-naphthyl acetate or butyrate. The physiological substrate and biological function of these enzyme activities are not presently understood.

Bovine Platelet Proteins III. Some Properties of Platelet Fibrinogen

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 428-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O Solum ◽  
S Łopaciuk
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Difference

Summary1. Some properties of purified bovine platelet fibrinogen have been described and the data compared to those obtained by parallel analysis of purified bovine plasma fibrinogen.2. A close similarity was found between platelet and plasma fibrinogen as to sedimentation coefficients, electrophoretic mobilities in starch gel and polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis, light absorption spectra in the range 240 mμ to 330 mμ, ability to form immunoprecipitate with a rabbit antiserum against bovine plasma fibrinogen, total amino acid composition and in N-terminal amino acids.Differences between the fibrinogens were found as to intrinsic viscosity, carbohydrate content and behaviour upon clotting by thrombin. Intrinsic viscosity in 0.3 M NaCl at 25° was 0.48 dl/g for platelet fibrinogen as compared to 0.26 dl/g for plasma fibrinogen. The carbohydrate content of platelet fibrinogen was 0.56 ± 0.10% 1.56±0.10% and 1.37±0.09% for sialic acid (calculated as N-glycolyl neuraminic acid), hexose (galactose/mannose 1:2) and hexosamine (glucosamine), respectively. These values were 6, 54 and 26% higher than those found for plasma fibrinogen. The difference in clotting behaviour indicated a slower polymerization rate of the fibrin monomers formed from platelet fibrinogen than of those formed from plasma fibrinogen.

Morphological and biochemical systematics of chubs, Nocomis biguttatus and N. micropogon (Pisces: Cyprinidae), in southern Ontario

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
David L. G. Noakes ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Respective Species ◽  
Probability Of Misclassification

Examination of 17 presumptive gene loci by starch-gel electrophoresis revealed differential mobilities only at acid phosphatase-1, alcohol dehydrogenase, esterase-1, and phosphoglucomutase between Nocomis biguttatus and N. micropogon. No intraspecific variation was observed for any loci. The genetic identity (I) and genetic distance (D) were 0.874 and 0.134, respectively. The correlation of electrophoretic mobilities and nuptial tubercle pattern in sexually dimorphic males supports the present taxonomic distinction of these species and provides a simple, unambiguous means of identifying any individuals.Stepwise discriminant function analysis of a series of mensural characters was used to compare fish identified as to species by electrophoresis. At best this correctly assigned fish to their respective species in 85.7% of cases, with a probability of misclassification of 0.1335.This study suggests these two are sibling species, based on a comparison of biochemical and morphological differentiation.

scholarly journals Changes in peroxidase and polypeptide profiles in Nicotiana tabacum L. transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Sergio Echeverrigaray
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Agrobacterium Rhizogenes ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Auxin Concentration ◽  
High Auxin

Morphological and proteic modifications in Nicotiana tabacum L. transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes were evaluated by the comparison of normal and transformant plants regenerated from hairy-roots formed by the strains A4 or IB-642 of A. rhizogenes. Changes in apical dominance were observed in IB-642 transformants, which exhibited an abnormal development of axiliary buds. The electrophoretic analysis indicated an increase in peroxidase activity and the induction of several isozymes of this complex in the transformants. The SDS-PAGE patterns comparison allows to identify several changes, specially, the increase in 31-33 and 54 kD polypeptides in the transformants.. Biochemical analysis suggests the induction of a pathogen or stress like response of the transformants due to the high auxin concentration codified by A. rhizogenes T-DNA incorporated to the plant genome.

scholarly journals Similarities between the biochemical actions of cycasin and dimethylnitrosamine

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Shank ◽  
P. N. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Purine Base ◽  
Acetate Ester ◽  
Ion Exchange Column ◽  
Rna And Dna

1. Rats were given the hepatotoxin and carcinogen cycasin by stomach tube. In one experiment, rats whose RNA had previously been labelled with [14C]-formate were given the acetate ester of the aglycone form of cycasin, methylazoxymethanol, by intraperitoneal injection. 2. Incorporation of 14C from l-[U−14C]leucine into the proteins of some organs was measured in cycasin-treated rats. Cycasin inhibited leucine incorporation into liver proteins but not into kidney, spleen or ileum proteins. This inhibition was not evident until about 5hr. after cycasin administration, but once established it persisted for the next 20hr. 3. Methylation of nucleic acids was detected in some organs of rats treated with cycasin or methylazoxymethanol. The purine bases of RNA and DNA were isolated by acid hydrolysis followed by ion-exchange column chromatography. The resulting chromatograms showed an additional purine base that was identified as 7-methylguanine. It was shown that, in animals treated with the toxin, liver RNA was methylated to a greater extent than was either kidney or small-intestine RNA. Also, as a result of cycasin administration, liver DNA guanine was methylated to a greater extent than was RNA guanine. 4. These results are discussed in relation to comparable experiments with dimethylnitrosamine. It is suggested that cycasin and dimethylnitrosamine are metabolized to the same biochemically active compound, perhaps diazomethane, but that various tissues differ in their capacity to metabolize the two carcinogens.

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