scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF ESTERASES IN THE MYONEURAL JUNCTION OF THE STRIATED MUSCLE OF THE RAT

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. ERÄNKÖ ◽  
H. TERÄVÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Selective Inhibitors ◽  
Myoneural Junction ◽  
Terminal Axon ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity

Distribution of esterases in the myoneural junction of the striated muscle of the rat was studied using acetylthiocholine, butyrylthiochobine and α-naphthyl acetate as substrates, together with selective inhibitors. Acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in the peripheral complex of synaptic folds. Nonspecific cholinesterase was detected in the peripheral complex of synaptic folds and the teloglia with approximately equal activities. Nonspecific esterase activity, present in tissues incubated with eserine, was marked in the terminal axon and was also present in the teloglia and synaptic folds.

scholarly journals NONSPECIFIC ESTERASES IN THE MYONEURAL JUNCTION OF HUMAN STRIATED MUSCLE

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 798-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. CHOKROVERTY ◽  
K. S. PARAMESWAR ◽  
C. CO
Keyword(s):  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Selective Inhibitors ◽  
Myoneural Junction ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Peroneus Brevis ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterases

By the use of acetyl- and butyrylthiocholine and α-naphthyl acetate as substrates and selective inhibitors, we have shown the presence of both specific and nonspecific esterases in the myoneural junction of vastus medialis and peroneus brevis muscles of normal subjects as well as in paretic muscles of hemiplegic patients. The presence of nonspecific esterases in human myoneural junction has not been recorded previously. The nonspecific esterases in our fixed tissue were noted to be predominantly E600-sensitive at 10–5 M concentration although resistant at 10–6 M and 5 x 10–6 M concentration.

scholarly journals Nonspecific esterase activity expressed in Weibel-Palade bodies of cloned guinea pig aortic endothelial cells.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Monahan-Earley ◽  
T Isomura ◽  
R I Garcia ◽  
S J Galli ◽  
H F Dvorak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity ◽  
Aortic Endothelial

We studied the localization of nonspecific esterase activities in cloned guinea pig aortic endothelial cells using ultrastructural cytochemistry. Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB), which are known to contain von Willebrand protein, were positive for esterase, defining a heretofore unrecognized activity of these organelles. Esterase activity was also found localized to the external surface of the plasma membrane, to cytoplasmic lipid bodies, and to the outer (cytoplasm-facing) surface of certain membrane-bound cytoplasmic vacuoles. Localization of esterase activity to these four discrete sites probably reflects the presence of a number of endothelial cell enzymes capable of hydrolyzing alpha-naphthyl acetate or butyrate. The physiological substrate and biological function of these enzyme activities are not presently understood.

scholarly journals Activity of alkaline phosphatase, acidic phosphatase and nonspecific esterase in the oviducts of puerperal ewes after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Valocky ◽  
J. Legath ◽  
L. Lenhardt ◽  
G. Lazar ◽  
F. Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity ◽  
Observation Period

The objective of this study was to examine the alkaline, acidic phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activity in the epithelial cells of oviducts after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at the time of puerperium. PCBs were administered in the last days of pregnancy and during early puerperium. Animals in the experimental group were exposed to Delor 105 at a dose of 100 &mu;g/kg/day and were euthanised on Day 17 postpartum (<i>n</i> = 4), i.e. 5 days after the termination of 30-day PCB administration; on Day 25 postpartum (<i>n</i> = 5), i.e. 17 days from the last PCB administration and on Day 34 postpartum (<i>n</i> = 5), which corresponded to Day 28 from the completion of PCB administration. Ewes in the control group were euthanised on Day 17 (<i>n</i> = 3), Day 25 (<i>n</i> = 4) and Day 34 (<i>n</i> = 4) postpartum. The authors demonstrated the inhibitory effect of PCB on the enzymatic system of the oviduct during the puerperal period. The alkaline phosphatase, acidic phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activity in the oviductal epithelial cells during a 34-day observation period exhibited a rising trend (<i>P</i> < 0.001 vs. <i>P</i> < 0.001 vs. <i>P</i> < 0.01) in the control group of animals. Experimental animals exposed to the 30-day PCB administration (Delor 105) showed a stagnant tendency (<i>P</i> > 0.05) in alkaline phosphatase while acidic phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activity (<i>P</i> > 0.05) dropped even below the level of their activity values in the control group. It is essential to continue to monitor the effect of pollutants in exposed industrial areas on reparative and regenerative processes in puerperium and their possible impact on reproductive performance.

scholarly journals HISTOCHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NONSPECIFIC ESTERASES OF THE SMALL INTESTINE OF THE RAT

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUCE FRIEDMAN ◽  
DONALD S. STRACHAN ◽  
MAYNARD M. DEWEY
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Acetate Ester ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity ◽  
Nonspecific Esterases

With α-naphthyl butyrate and α-naphthyl acetate as substrates nonspecific esterase activity was demonstrated in both the crypt epithelium and epithelium covering the villus of the small intestine of the rat. This distribution of enzymatic activity does not correspond to the distribution of the so-called "absorptive epithelium." Starch gel electrophoretic analysis of intestinal homogenates showed a spectrum of enzymatically active fractions which hydrolyzed both substrates. The number of enzymic fractions and their electrophoretic mobilities were the same with both substrates, but the butyrate ester was hydrolyzed 2.5 times more rapidly than the acetate ester. These observations are discussed in relation to the rapid differentiation which occurs as cells migrate from the intestinal crypts onto the surface of the villus.

scholarly journals Cloned mouse cells with natural killer function and cloned suppressor T cells express ultrastructural and biochemical features not shared by cloned inducer T cells.

1983 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Dvorak ◽  
S J Galli ◽  
J A Marcum ◽  
G Nabel ◽  
H der Simonian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Suppressor T Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Plasma Membrane Receptors ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity

We have examined the morphology, cytochemistry, and biochemistry of mouse leukocyte subsets by analyzing cloned leukocyte populations specialized to perform different immunologic functions. Cloned cells expressing high-affinity plasma membrane receptors for IgE and mediating natural killer (NK) lysis and cloned antigen-specific suppressor T cells contained prominent osmiophilic cytoplasmic granules similar by ultrastructure to those of mouse basophils. Both clones also incorporated 35SO4 into granule-associated sulfated glycosaminoglycans, expressed a characteristic ultrastructural pattern of nonspecific esterase activity, incorporated exogenous [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine, and contained cytoplasmic deposits of particulate glycogen. By contrast, cloned inducer T cells lacked cytoplasmic granules and glycogen, incorporated neither 35SO4 nor [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine, and differed from the other clones in pattern of nonspecific esterase activity. These findings establish that certain cloned cells with NK activity and cloned suppressor T cells express morphologic and biochemical characteristics heretofore associated with basophilic granulocytes. However, these clones differ in surface glycoprotein expression and immunologic function, and the full extent of the similarities and differences among these populations and basophils remains to be determined.

scholarly journals The Role of Acetylcholine Esterase in Resistance Mechanism of Plutella xylostella to Emamektin Benzoate

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Udi Tarwotjo ◽  
Rully Rahadian
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Acetylcholine Esterase ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
The Third ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate

One of the resistance mechanism of P. xylostellato emamektin benzoate is target insensitivity which is acetylcholine esterase that responsible for resistance occurrence. The objective of this study was to determine the role of acetylcholinesterase in the resistance mechanism of P. xylostella population to emamektin benzoate. For enzyme activity analysis, larvae homogenate of the third instar of P. xylostella was prepared. The number of insects required for each scour is 1 for each field population. The protein content in P. xylostella homogenate was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Non-specific esterase activity with an absorption rate was read using ELISA reader tool with λ = 450 nm. The inhibition level of acetylcholinesterase activity by emamectin benzoate in the tested population was 36.84%. The highest inhibition occurs in Puasan (Ngablak) population.  The result shows that a α-naphthyl acetate substrate was used so that it was recorded as non-specific esterase activity and did not exhibit esterase activity which specifically describes emamectin benzoate. Non-specific esterase enzyme activity of either α or β-naphthyl acetate substances to benzoic emamectin in the tested population most of the population was still susceptible. On α-naphthyl acetate substrate, the highest absorbance value found in susceptible population to benzoate emamectin (0.773), while the lowest found in Babrik (Ngablak) population  (0.083).

scholarly journals A QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF INTESTINAL MUCOSA AFTER X-IRRADIATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GALJAARD ◽  
J. BUYS ◽  
M. VAN DUUREN ◽  
J. GIESEN
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity ◽  
Crypt Cells

The effect of low doses of x-irradiation (50-400 R) on the activity of various enzymes in rat intestinal epithelium has been investigated by histochemical staining methods and quantitative microchemical analyses of crypts and villi dissected from frozen-dried sections. Irradiation had no effect on the activities of enzymes which in nonirradiated animals are present exclusively or mainly in the villus epithelium (aminopeptidase, various phosphatases) or are evenly distributed along the epithelium of crypts and villi (various dehydrogenases). However, nonspecific esterase activity decreased markedly both in crypt epithelium and villus epithelium. This occurred 36 hr after irradiation, independent of the radiation dose. The number of crypt cells with reduced esterase activity and the duration of the effect increased with higher radiation doses. These results were confirmed by quantitative analyses which also showed that esterase activity is 5 times higher in the villus than in the crypt. The remarkable correspondance between the period of reduced esterase activity in the crypt and the period of increased proliferative activity after various radiation doses suggest a relationship between changes in crypt cell population dynamics and esterase activity; the functional consequences for the villus epithelium of changes in the crypt cells after irradiation are discussed.

scholarly journals CHOLINESTERASES AND NONSPECIFIC ESTERASES OF DEVELOPING AND ADULT (NORMAL AND ATROPHIC) RAT GASTROCNEMIUS 1. CHEMICAL ASSAY AND ELECTROPHORESIS

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEVIN D. BARRON ◽  
A. T. ORDINARIO ◽  
J. BERNSOHN ◽  
A. R. HESS ◽  
M. T. HEDRICK
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Chemical Assay ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Whole Muscle ◽  
Nonspecific Esterases

Cholinesterases and nonspecific esterases of normal and atrophic (denervated and tenotomized) adult rat gastrocnemius were assayed, the latter 5-45 days after operation. Acetylcholinesterase activity per whole muscle was about 25% of normal 5 days after denervation and, in permanently denervated animals, showed little change thereafter. Tenotomy caused a transient 27% fall. Butyrylcholinesterase was unaffected. Nonspecific esterase activity of denervated gastrocnemius (substrate, α-naphthyl acetate) was normal 30 days after reversible sciatic injury and 50% of normal 45 days after irreversible denervation. Wet weight and total protein fell in approximate parallel. Results of assay and electrophoresis (zymograms) showed that muscle esterase was mainly of B type, although A and C type acetylesterases accounted for about 10% of the free or soluble fraction. An increase in the free esterase activity of the homogenate and an absolute increase in A type esterase accompanied denervation and disuse. Bound esterase was 80% released by Triton X-100 and was entirely B type. Zymograms of neonatal muscle were distinguished by the prominence of A-esterases and the presence of an acetylcholinesterase which was not encountered in adults. Over-all, despite some points of similarity, zymograms of neonatal and atrophic adult muscles were distinctly different.

POSTNATAL CHANGES OF ACTIVITY AND ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERN OF JEJUNAL AND ILEAL NONSPECIFIC ESTERASE AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE OF THE RAT: EFFECT OF ADRENALECTOMY

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1375-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pelichová ◽  
O. Koldovský ◽  
A. Heringová ◽  
V. Jirsová ◽  
J. Kraml
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Enzyme Specific Activity ◽  
E 600 ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase Activity ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

During postnatal development of the rat, the activity of nonspecific esterase (substrate, β-naphthyl acetate) in the jejunum and ileum increased. Electrophoresis showed that distribution of this enzyme was different in these two parts of the intestine in the suckling rat, whereas the zymogram was the same for both parts in the adult rat. In intact animals, the degree of inhibition of nonspecific esterase activity by 10−4 M eserin, 5 × 10−8 M di-ethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate (E.600), and 0.4 M NaCl was different, but there were no differences with any one inhibitor between the jejunum and the ileum of suckling and weanling rats. Adrenalectomy at 7 days of age did not influence the activity of the enzyme, but at 14 days of age it inhibited the rise of activity in jejunum and ileum. Adrenalectomy influenced the sensitivity of nonspecific esterase activity to inhibition by eserin and E.600. When cortisone was administered to adrenalectomized rats, certain characteristics of the enzyme (specific activity, sensitivity to various inhibitors, zymogram) were, in most case, comparable with those of preparations from normal controls.During postnatal development, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (substrate, β-naphthyl phosphate) in the jejunum showed practically no change, but in the ileum it decreased. Change in the zymogram was of the same type in both jejunum and ileum. Adrenalectomy at 7 days of age was followed by a fall in activity in the ileum that was apparent at 14 days of age, but the zymogram was not affected. Adrenalectomy on day 14 did not produce an apparent change by day 21, but there was retention of the earlier electrophoretic pattern. When cortisone was administered to adrenalectomized rats, certain characteristics of the enzyme (specific activity, zymogram) were comparable with those of preparations from normal controls.The results are discussed from the point of view of difference between the jejunum and ileum of suckling animals, and the influence of the adrenal glands.

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