Phytotoxic Substance with Allelopathic Activity in Brachiaria decumbens

The grass Brachiaria decumbens becomes naturalized and quickly dominant in non-native areas. It was hypothesized that phytotoxic substances of plants may contribute to the domination and invasion of the plants. However, no potent phytotoxic substance has been reported in B decumbens. Therefore, we searched for phytotoxic substances with allelopathic activity in this species. An acpeous methanol extract of B. decumbens inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of cress (Lepidium sativum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), timothy (Phleum pratense) and ryegrass ilolium multiflorum) seedlings. The extract was then purified using chromatographic methods and a phytotoxic substance with allelopathic activity was isolated and identified by spectral analysis as ( 6R,9S)-3-oxo-α-ionol. These results suggest that this compound may contribute to the allelopathic effect caused by the B. decumbens extract and may be in part responsible for the invasion and domination of B. decumbens. Two other Brachiaria species, B. brizantha and a Bractearia hybrid were also confirmed to contain ( 6R,9S)-3-oxo-α-ionol. Therefore, this compound may play an important role in the phytotoxicity of the Brachiaria species.

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Identification of 6,7-Dimethoxychromone as a Potent Allelochemical from Jatropha podagrica

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801301126 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801301 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sutjaritpan Boonmee ◽

Arihiro Iwasaki ◽

Kiyotake Suenaga ◽

Hisashi Kato-Noguchi

Keyword(s):

Spectral Analysis ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Aqueous Methanol ◽

Reverse Phase Hplc ◽

Reverse Phase ◽

Allelopathic Activity ◽

Allelopathic Effects ◽

Allelopathic Substance

Jatropha podagrica Hook. is cultivated as an ornamental plant and is also used in traditional medicine. The species has various pharmacological properties, but it has not yet been investigated for any potential allelopathic activity and allelopathic substances. In this study, an allelopathic active substance was isolated from an aqueous methanol extract of J. podagrica leaves through chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. The substance was characterized as 6,7-dimethoxychromone by spectral analysis. 6,7-Dimethoxychromone significantly inhibited the shoots and roots of cress at concentrations greater than 0.3 mM. The concentrations required of 6,7-dimethoxychromone for 50% growth inhibition of cress shoots and roots were 0.95 and 0.83 mM, respectively. The inhibitory activity against the seedling growth of cress indicates that 6,7-dimethoxychromone may contribute to the allelopathic effects and may be responsible for the allelopathic activity in J. podagrica. This report is the first on the allelopathic activity of 6,7-dimethoxychromone as an allelopathic substance from J. podagrica.

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Evaluation of allelopathic competency of Lamium amplexicaule and identification of its allelopathic active substance

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2019.v31.i2.1907 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Chisato Sakamoto, Masahiko Suzuki ◽

Arihiro Iwasaki, Kiyotake Suenaga ◽

Hisashi Kato- Noguchi

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Chromatographic Separations ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Arctium Lappa ◽

Allelopathic Activity ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Methyl Caffeate

The weedy annual grass Lamium amplexicaule (L.) originated from the Mediterranean region, spreads quickly, and becomes naturalized in areas it invades. It was assumed that volatile phytotoxic substances are one of the invasive characteristics of L. amplexicaule. However, no volatile compound has been found. Therefore, we re-evaluated the allelopathic potential of L. amplexicaule and investigated the phytotoxic substances with allelopathic activity. An extract of L. amplexicaule inhibited the root and shoot growth of Lepidium sativum, Lactuca sativa, Arctium lappa, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Echinochloa crus-galli, and Vulpia myuros, which indicates that the extract has an allelopathic effect. The extract was purified using bioassay-guided chromatographic separations, and a phytotoxic substance with allelopathic activity was isolated and characterized as methyl caffeate. The compound significantly inhibited the root and shoot growth of L. sativum and L. multiflorum. The present results suggest that methyl caffeate may contribute to the allelopathic effect of the L. amplexicaule extracts and consequently, may be partly responsible for the invasive characteristics of the species.

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Suaveolic Acid: A Potent Phytotoxic Substance ofHyptis suaveolens

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/425942 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽

Osamu Ohno ◽

Kiyotake Suenaga ◽

Hisashi Kato-Noguchi

Keyword(s):

Invasive Plant ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Test Plant ◽

Garden Cress ◽

Aqueous Methanol ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Hyptis Suaveolens ◽

Phytotoxic Substance

Hyptis suaveolens(Lamiaceae) is an exotic invasive plant in many countries. Earlier studies reported that the aqueous, methanol, and aqueous methanol extract ofH. suaveolensand its residues have phytotoxic properties. However, to date, the phytotoxic substances of this plant have not been reported. Therefore, the objectives of this study were isolation and identification of phytotoxic substances ofH. suaveolens. Aqueous methanol extract of this plant was purified by several chromatographic runs through bioassay guided fractionation using garden cress (Lepidium sativum) as a test plant. Final purification of a phytotoxic substance was achieved by reverse phase HPLC and characterized as 14α-hydroxy-13β-abiet-8-en-18-oic acid (suaveolic acid) by high-resolution ESI-MS,1H-,13C-NMR, CD, and specific rotation. Suaveolic acid inhibited the shoot growth of garden cress, lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) at concentrations greater than 30 µM. Root growth of all but lettuce was also inhibited at concentrations greater than 30 µM. The inhibitory activities were concentration dependent. Concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition of suaveolic acid for those test plant species were ranged from 76 to 1155 µM. Therefore, suaveolic acid is phytotoxic and may be responsible for the phytotoxicity ofH. suaveolensplant extracts.

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Influence of drought on allelopathic properties of Pinus sylvestris L.

Plant Introduction ◽

10.46341/pi2019001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 85-86 ◽

Author(s):

N.V. Rositska

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Shoot Elongation ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Allelopathic Activity

Objective – to investigate the influence of drought on allelopathic activity of Pinus sylvestris L. plants in conditions of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. Material and methods. The choice of study objects was due to their habitat: plants of P. sylvestris grew in compliance with the necessary agricultural technology including regular irrigation at site 1 (control) and in the conditions of drought at site 2 that models natural ecosystems (experiment). The allelopathic activity of leaves and soil was determined. In the model experiments, Lepidium sativum L. ‘Azhur’, Triticum aestivum L. ‘Poliska 90’, Amaranthus caudatum L. ‘Rothschwanz’ were applied as the test plants. Results of the current study revealed that the allelopathic potential of needles and rhizosphere soil of P. sylvestris depends not only from the species but also from drought conditions. The inhibitory effect was stronger against root elongation than shoot elongation of seedlings. Conclusion. This study provides a laboratory-based evidence of the allelopathic effect of P. sylvestris exudates under drought stress on model plants. Studies showed that plants grown under conditions of lower soil moisture exhibit stronger inhibitory effect or slightly stimulate the growth of test objects in comparison with plants that had better water supply. This testifies to the relationship between soil moisture and seasonal allelopathic activity of the plants.

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Isolation and Identification of Two Potent Phytotoxic Substances from Afzelia xylocarpa for Controlling Weeds

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083542 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3542

Author(s):

Ramida Krumsri ◽

Kaori Ozaki ◽

Toshiaki Teruya ◽

Hisashi Kato-Noguchi

Keyword(s):

Ferulic Acid ◽

Vanillic Acid ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Seedling Length

Phytotoxic substances released from plants are considered eco-friendly alternatives for controlling weeds in agricultural production. In this study, the leaves of Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib. were investigated for biological activity, and their active substances were determined. Extracts of A. xylocarpa leaf exhibited concentration-dependent phytotoxic activity against the seedling length of Lepidium sativum L., Medicago sativa L., Phleum pratense L., and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the A. xylocarpa leaf extracts led to isolating and identifying two compounds: vanillic acid and trans-ferulic acid. Both compounds were applied to four model plants using different concentrations. The results showed both compounds significantly inhibited the model plants’ seedling length in a species-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The phytotoxic effects of trans-ferulic acid (IC50 = 0.42 to 2.43 mM) on the model plants were much greater than that of vanillic acid (IC50 = 0.73 to 3.17 mM) and P. pratense was the most sensitive to both compounds. In addition, the application of an equimolar (0.3 mM) mixture of vanillic acid and trans-ferulic acid showed the synergistic effects of the phytotoxic activity against the root length of P. pratense and L. sativum. These results suggest that the leaves of A. xylocarpa and its phytotoxic compounds could be used as a natural source of herbicides.

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Composition of essential oil and allelopathic activity of aromatic water of Aster lanceolatus Willd: (Asteraceae)

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502009000300012 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 469-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Josiane de Fátima Gaspari Dias ◽

Obdúlio Gomes Miguel ◽

Marilis Dallarmi Miguel

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

Allelopathic Activity ◽

Germination And Growth

The essential oil obtained from flowers of Aster lanceolatus was submitted the CG-MS and presented as result thirteen substances with largest concentration; among them, the caryophyllene oxide with the larger one. The aromatic water obtained during the extraction process of this essential oil was forwarded to allelopathic test, and demonstrated to be capable to inhibit the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa.

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Phytotoxic effects of Cerbera manghas L. leaf extracts on seedling elongation of four monocot and four dicot test species

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1720 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ichsan Nurul Bari ◽

Hisashi Kato-Noguchi

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Test Species ◽

Phytotoxic Effects ◽

Cerbera Manghas

Exploration of allelochemicals with phytotoxic effects is intended to minimize a current dependency on synthetic herbicides in weed management. Several allelochemicals from the tropical tree Cerbera manghas (sea mango) have been reported as termiticides and bactericides. The present study investigated possible phytotoxic effects of C. manghas leaf extracts under laboratory conditions. Four monocots: barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), foxtail fescue (Vulpia myuros), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and timothy (Phleum pratense) and four dicots: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), garden cress (Lepidium sativum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and rapeseed (Brassica napus) were used as test species. Elongation of both shoots and roots of seedlings was measured to assess any phytotoxic effects. The results showed that the sensitivities of shoots and roots were different between the test species, and the inhibition of seedling elongation significantly increased with increasing concentration of leaf extracts of C. manghas for all the test species. The IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) values showed that 8.50–32.30 and 4.26–34.67 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL−1 of C. manghas inhibited seedling elongation by 50%, for shoots and roots respectively. Isolation and identification of the phytotoxic substances from C. manghas are suggested for future investigation.

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Two Novel Iridoids from Morinda longifolia

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400900702 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ninh Khac Ban ◽

Vu Huong Giang ◽

Tran My Linh ◽

Le Quynh Lien ◽

Ninh Thi Ngoc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Fticr Ms ◽

Chromatographic Methods ◽

C Nmr

Six secondary metabolites, including two novel iridoids, longifolides A (1) and B (2), were isolated by various chromatographic methods from a methanol extract of branches and leaves of Morinda longifolia Craib. The structures of the compounds were determined on the basis of NMR spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY, NOESY) and FTICR-MS data, as well as by comparison of them with literature values.

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Allelopathic activity of the picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. on unicellular eukaryote planktonic microalgae

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf18024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (9) ◽

pp. 1472 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska ◽

Aldo Barreiro Felpeto ◽

Jakub Maculewicz ◽

Amanda Sobczyk ◽

Vitor Vasconcelos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Unicellular Eukaryote ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Prymnesium Parvum ◽

Porphyridium Purpureum ◽

Allelopathic Activity ◽

Wide Range ◽

Synechococcus Sp ◽

Taxonomic Groups ◽

Allelopathic Compounds

The production and release of allelopathic compounds is an important adaptation by which some species of cyanobacteria can achieve a competitive advantage over other primary producers. In the present study we tested the allelopathic activity of the picocyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. against the following coexisting unicellular eukaryote microalgae: Porphyridium purpureum, Stichococcus bacillaris, Prymnesium parvum and Nitzschia dissipata. With these species, we covered a wide range of taxonomic groups. We demonstrated that both the addition of Synechococcus sp. cell-free filtrate and coculture inhibited the growth, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of P. purpureum and S. bacillaris. Conversely, P. parvum, a well-known mixotroph, was positively affected by both Synechococcus sp. treatments. In contrast, N. dissipata was not affected by either the picocyanobacterial filtrate or coculture. These results suggest that the negative allelopathic effect is related to a reduction in the photosynthetic rate, and that Synechococcus sp. allelopathy should be taken into account in the interactions between picocyanobacteria and eukaryote competitors coexisting in a planktonic system.

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