scholarly journals Subsistence Hunting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of the White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Rural Communities of Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292110667
Author(s):  
Marcos Briceño-Méndez ◽  
Yamili Contreras-Perera ◽  
Salvador Montiel
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Subsistence Hunting ◽  
Hunting Activity ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Wild Meat ◽  
Hunting Frequency

Subsistence hunting for obtaining wild meat is a common practice in rural neotropical communities. Like other peasant practices disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, subsistence hunting could exacerbate pressure on wild mammals whose greater size contributes to feeding the hunter and his family. Thus, in the context of the pandemic, we assessed the subsistence hunting of the white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus), one of the main traditional game species in the Calakmul region, Campeche, Mexico, and compared this activity with its pre-pandemic levels of such vertebrate species. Based on ethnographic information and hunting records from three rural communities, we found that in one trimester (July-September 2020) of the rainy season, a total of 26 white-tailed deer (923 kg of game biomass) were obtained by local peasant-hunters carrying out hunting mostly alone. Most peasant-hunters interviewed (36 of 51) stated that they hunted daily, and only a few hunted once a week or once a month (8 and 3%, respectively). This hunting activity and modalities were carried out at night (68%) versus day, stalking (21%) and opportunist (11%) near their community. The game biomass and hunting frequency in the studied communities were twice as high during the pandemic, compared to similar pre-pandemic periods in the region. Our survey highlights the need to expand monitoring and evaluation (during and after the pandemic) of subsistence hunting on key species, such as white-tailed deer, in order to ensure conservation and sustainable use of wildlife in this important Mesoamerican region.

Quantity and significance of wild meat off-take by a rural community in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH A. KASCHULA ◽  
CHARLIE M. SHACKLETON
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Priority Species ◽  
Wild Meat ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Hunting Frequency

SUMMARYWhen compared to tropical forest zones in west and central Africa, off-take of wild meat from savannah and grassland biomes by local rural communities has not been well assessed. This case study of wild meat collection activities within a rural community in the Mount Frere region of the Eastern Cape (South Africa) uses last-catch records derived from 50 wild meat gatherers to calculate average off-take of taxa, species and fresh mass of wild meat per collection event. When per-event off take is overlaid onto household hunting frequency data, annual off-take would be 268.6 kg km−2 yr−1 or 3 kg person−1 yr−1 presuming constant off-take over an annual period. Monetary value of off-take would be South African R 307 (US$ 39) per household annually. For some species, off-take weight per km2 shows similar values to data from tropical forest zones, but high human population densities tend to dilute off-takes to less nutritionally significant amounts at the per person scale. However, unlike many tropical zones, none of the species harvested can be considered high-priority conservation species. Even densely populated and heavily harvested communal lands appear to offer high wild meat off-takes from low conservation priority species.

scholarly journals Is urban bushmeat trade in Colombia really insignificant?

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie van Vliet ◽  
Maria Quiceno ◽  
Jessica Moreno ◽  
Daniel Cruz ◽  
John E. Fa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Wild Meat ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Bushmeat Trade ◽  
Brocket Deer

AbstractThe bushmeat trade in ecosystems in South America other than those within the Amazon basin is presumed to be insignificant, as alternative sources of protein (e.g. beef, chicken, fish) are considered to be more readily available in non-moist forests. However, studies and confiscation reports from countries such as Colombia suggest that bushmeat is consumed in a variety of ecosystems, although the nature of market chains, particularly in urban areas, is still unknown. We studied the urban bushmeat trade in markets in the five main ecoregions in Colombia. We recorded a total of 85 species, the most frequently traded being the paca Cuniculus paca, red brocket deer Mazama americana, grey brocket deer Mazama gouazoubira, capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, armadillo Dasypus spp. and black agouti Dasyprocta fuliginosa. Most sales of wild meat occur through clandestine channels and involve a limited number of stakeholders. Bushmeat is a luxury product in urban areas of the Caribbean, the Pacific and the Andean regions. Further work is needed to quantify and monitor the volumes of bushmeat traded, comprehend motivations, explore ways of reducing threats, and engage with stakeholders to organize legal and sustainable use of bushmeat.

scholarly journals Ecosystem services and ecological degradation of communal wetlands in a South African biodiversity hotspot

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 181770 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Owethu Pantshwa ◽  
Falko T. Buschke
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Personal Benefit ◽  
Administrative Area ◽  
Gender Based

Wetlands provide important ecosystem services to rural communities. However, wetlands are often on communal land, so they may become degraded when individual users act to maximize their personal benefit from ecosystem services without bearing the full environmental costs of their actions. Although it is possible to manage communal resources sustainably, this depends on the dynamics of the socio-ecological system. In this study, we used a structured questionnaire to examine whether demographic characteristics of a rural community and the propensity for partaking in damage-causing activities affected the benefits obtained from the wetlands. Responses from 50 households in the rural Hlabathi administrative area within the Maputo-Albany-Pondoland Biodiversity Hotspot, South Africa, indicated that the entire community obtains some benefits from wetlands; most notably regulating ecosystem services. However, males were more likely to benefit from wetlands, which highlights a potential power imbalance. Respondents were more likely to blame others for wetland degradation, although there was no link between the damage-causing activities and benefits from wetlands. The high dependence on ecosystem services by community members, when combined with gender-based power imbalances and the propensity to blame others, could jeopardize the sustainable use of communal wetlands. Therefore, we describe how strong leadership could nurture a sustainable social–ecological system by integrating ecological information and social empowerment into a multi-level governance system.

Profile and Process: Subsistence Hunters in a Zambian Community

Africa ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Local Traditions

Opening ParagraphMost descriptions of social life in rural communities in Central Africa contain some references to hunters or hunting practices. Despite the decimation of some wildlife species by rinderpest at the turn of the last century, wildlife continued plentiful in many regions and hunting and trapping were part of the subsistence routines of males in rural areas during the first three decades of this century. During this period in Zambia, European administrators (Gouldsbury and Sheane 1911; Melland 1923; Hughes 1933), missionaries (Smith and Dale 1920), and itinerants (Lyell 1910; Letcher 1911) often interspersed their exploitative accounts of ‘sport hunting’ with descriptions of chants, rituals, magic and other hunting lore of their African associates. These accounts of local traditions, often colored with the latent assumptions of the time, apparently intrigued and fascinated their European readership then mentally riding the crest of colonial expansion and technological superiority. In subsequent decades, large wild mammals declined in numbers and in importance as a subsistence base in most rural areas. Yet information on hunting customs, gleaned incidentally in the pursuit of the researchers' major interests, has been a continuous feature of ethnographies written subsequently by social scientists (Richards 1939; White 1956; Turner 1957; Scudder 1962; Stefaniszyn 1964; Reynolds 1968) suggesting a widespread enthusiasm for hunting even where wildlife is no longer of consequence. These fortuitous bits of information on the subsistence hunter's world still leave many unresolved questions as to the function and frequency of these customs, the numbers and types of hunters in each community, and the nature of subsequent changes.

scholarly journals Italy and China Sharing Best Practices on the Sustainable Development of Small Underground Settlements

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 813-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Genovese ◽  
Roberta Varriale ◽  
Loredana Luvidi ◽  
Fabio Fratini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Central China ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Raising Awareness

Both Southern Italy and Central China feature historic rural settlements characterized by underground constructions with residential and service functions. Many of these areas are currently tackling economic, social and environmental problems, resulting in unemployment, disengagement, depopulation, marginalization or loss of cultural and biological diversity. Both in Europe and in China, policies for rural development address three core areas of intervention: agricultural competitiveness, environmental protection and the promotion of rural amenities through strengthening and diversifying the economic base of rural communities. The challenge is to create innovative pathways for regeneration based on raising awareness to inspire local rural communities to develop alternative actions to reduce poverty while preserving the unique aspects of their local environment and culture. In this view, cultural heritage can be a catalyst for the sustainable growth of the rural community. Through a series of projects on a national and international scale, the authors have addressed some of these problems by exchanging best practices in conservation, sustainable use and the enhancement of the underground heritage.

scholarly journals Extreme levels of hunting of birds in a remote village of Hainan Island, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEI LIANG ◽  
YAN CAI ◽  
CAN-CHAO YANG
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Subsistence Hunting ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
The People ◽  
Wild Meat ◽  
Village People ◽  
Forest Habitats

SummaryIn China, many bird species are generally thought to be threatened mainly, or at least partly, by hunting. However, there have been few studies of bird hunting at a local scale. Bird hunting and trade in Nanmao, a remote mountainous village of Hainan Island, China, was investigated during March–July 2003 and September–October 2005. In total, 86 households were visited, of which 43% reported that they engaged in hunting of birds while 91% of households were seen to have hunted birds or hunting tools. This indicated that hunting by village people was widespread. Most hunters were male, and were between 12 and 68 years old. A total of 78 bird species were hunted, including 2 First Class and 19 Second Class national protected species. This extreme level of hunting has changed from a more moderate subsistence hunting tradition since about 1980, when local urban markets for wild meat started to develop. We outline a strategic plan designed to conserve birds, other wildlife and their forest habitats, whilst improving the livelihoods and preserving the minority tribal traditions of the people of Nanmao forest.

scholarly journals Mastofauna del ejido X-Can, Chemax, Yucatán, México

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yariely del Rocío Balam-Ballote ◽  
José Adrián Cimé-Pool ◽  
Silvia Filomena Hernández-Betancourt ◽  
Juan Manuel Pech-Canché ◽  
Juan Carlos Sarmiento-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Eira Barbara ◽  
The One

RESUMENEl conocimiento de la fauna silvestre presente en un sitio determinado es importante para implementar estrategias de conservación de la diversidad biológica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue elaborar una lista de los mamíferos silvestres colectados y registrados en el ejido X-can, municipio de Chemax, Yucatán, México. Para este estudio se utilizaron técnicas etnozoológicas tales como entrevistas y talleres de diagnóstico participativo. También se realizaron recorridos en diversos puntos del ejido para el registro de especies a través de métodos directos (avistamientos, trampas Tomahawk, Sherman, redes) e indirectos (huellas, excretas, madrigueras). En total se registraron 31 especies, 20 familias y siete órdenes. Los órdenes más diversos fueron Chiroptera y Rodentia con nueve especies cada uno, seguido por Carnivora con siete. Las especies Coendou mexicanus, Dasyprocta punctata, Cuniculus paca, Panthera onca, Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Eira barbara, Mustela frenata y Dicotyles crassus se registraron únicamente por técnicas sociales. Durante el estudio se identificaron cinco usos tales como alimento, medicinal, mascota, artesanal y ceremonial; en este último especies, como el venado cola blanca, el pecarí de collar y el tepezcuintleson usadas en la ceremonia denominada Ch’a’acháak. La especie Odocoileus virginianus fue la que presentó mayor número de usos (4). El ejido X-can posee fragmentos de selva mediana subcaducifolia con especies de mamíferos prioritarios para la conservación. Actividades como el ecoturismo integral podrían garantizar a mediano y largo plazo la conservación de la biodiversidad presente, así mismo, es indispensable difundir la importancia ecológica y económica de los mamíferos entre los pobladores.Palabras clave: Conservación, inventarios, selva mediana subcaducifolia, uso de mamíferos, Yucatán.ABSTRACTThe wildlife knowledge present in a given site is important to implement strategies for the conservation of biological diversity. The objective of this work was to make a list of the wild mammals collected and registered in the ejido X-Can, municipality of Chemax, Yucatán, México. For this study, ethnozoological techniques such as interviews and participatory diagnostic workshops were used. Trail tours were also carried out in various points of the ejido for the registration of species through direct methods (sightings, Tomahawk, Sherman traps, nets) and indirect (footprints, excreta, burrows). 31 species, 20 families and seven orders were recorded. The most diverse orders were Chiroptera and Rodentia with nine species each, followed by Carnivora with seven species. The species Coendou mexicanus, Dasyprocta punctata, Cuniculus paca, Panthera onca, Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Eira barbara, Mustela frenata and Dicotyles crassus were only registered by social techniques. During the study, five types of uses were identified such as food, medicinal, pet, artisanal and ceremonial use; in the latter, species such as the white-tailed deer, the collared peccary and the tepezcuintle are used in the ceremony called Ch’a’acháak. The species Odocoileus virginianus was the one with the highest number of uses (4). The ejido X-can has fragments of medium-deciduous forest with priority mammal species for conservation. Activities such as integral ecotourism could guarantee the conservation of the present biodiversity in the medium and long term. Likewise, it is essential to disseminate the ecological and economic importance of mammals among the inhabitants.Key words: Conservation, inventories, medium subdeciduous forest, use of mammals, Yucatan.

scholarly journals Wild Meat Is Still on the Menu: Progress in Wild Meat Research, Policy, and Practice from 2002 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Ingram ◽  
Lauren Coad ◽  
E.J. Milner-Gulland ◽  
Luke Parry ◽  
David Wilkie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Wild Meat

Several hundred species are hunted for wild meat in the tropics, supporting the diets, customs, and livelihoods of millions of people. However, unsustainable hunting is one of the most urgent threats to wildlife and ecosystems worldwide and has serious ramifications for people whose subsistence and income are tied to wild meat. Over the past 18 years, although research efforts have increased, scientific knowledge has largely not translated into action. One major barrier to progress has been insufficient monitoring and evaluation, meaning that the effectiveness of interventions cannot be ascertained. Emerging issues include the difficulty of designing regulatory frameworks that disentangle the different purposes of hunting, the large scale of urban consumption, and the implications of wild meat consumption for human health. To address these intractable challenges, we propose eight new recommendations for research and action for sustainable wild meat use, which would support the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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