scholarly journals Italy and China Sharing Best Practices on the Sustainable Development of Small Underground Settlements

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 813-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Genovese ◽  
Roberta Varriale ◽  
Loredana Luvidi ◽  
Fabio Fratini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Central China ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Raising Awareness

Both Southern Italy and Central China feature historic rural settlements characterized by underground constructions with residential and service functions. Many of these areas are currently tackling economic, social and environmental problems, resulting in unemployment, disengagement, depopulation, marginalization or loss of cultural and biological diversity. Both in Europe and in China, policies for rural development address three core areas of intervention: agricultural competitiveness, environmental protection and the promotion of rural amenities through strengthening and diversifying the economic base of rural communities. The challenge is to create innovative pathways for regeneration based on raising awareness to inspire local rural communities to develop alternative actions to reduce poverty while preserving the unique aspects of their local environment and culture. In this view, cultural heritage can be a catalyst for the sustainable growth of the rural community. Through a series of projects on a national and international scale, the authors have addressed some of these problems by exchanging best practices in conservation, sustainable use and the enhancement of the underground heritage.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Agritourism Activity. Initiatives and Challenges in Romanian Mountain Rural Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabita Adamov ◽  
Ramona Ciolac ◽  
Tiberiu Iancu ◽  
Ioan Brad ◽  
Elena Peț ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Future Challenges

Sustainability has become a priority in the last decades. If we consider rural regions, agritourism, an activity strongly related to local communities, represents an opportunity to ensure the sustainability of rural settlements and of the environment, and at the same time an innovative and diversifying possibility for the economic support of rural settlements. Many studies have shown that the sustainability trend of the current period can be achieved by combining rural and local resources and traditional products specific to the rural regions with tourist activities, the challenge being the revitalization of rural economy. A large number of Romanian mountain rural regions can provide opportunities for sustaining agritourism activity; some of them may succeed to capitalize on the niche characteristic of agritourism, and through appropriate and effective strategies to move from the pioneering stage to an economically and socially valuable chance for improving the living conditions from rural area and finally to ensure sustainable development of rural communities. This paper begins from the importance of agritourism for rural regions. It aims at identifying the current situation of the agritourism activity in three regions and at developing proposals that are based strictly on the specific needs of the regions. In our opinion, the implementation of these specific actions would represent future challenges and at the same time ways of supporting the sustainable development of agritourism activities and of local settlements.

scholarly journals State support of the village social infrastructure systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Marina Muravieva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
State Support ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Social Demographic

The paper presents an analysis of the existing system of state support for rural social infrastructure for the first time. To address this goal the author studied the state information resources and data base of research of the models of state support for the sustainable development of rural areas. The researcher reveals the limitations of research on this subject (the analysis of Web of science, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link, Agris, Russian research data base), formulates the descriptive models of various countries in Europe and North America, and groups them into two basic systems. The tests revealed the main factors of the system of public funding of social infrastructure projects. In general financing the algorithms of support for rural social infrastructure were brought to light, the basis of which is made up by two main groups of countries: those with a support system for large rural settlements, selected on the principle of “driving member” and the countries with a system of grant and loan support for rural communities based on projects and local initiatives. The list of systems is not closed, because the study does not affect the countries of Asia, South America, Africa and Australia, which have their own distinctive features. The limitations in a single database of comparable statistical data about the objects of social and engineering infrastructure in rural areas do not allow to assess the effectiveness of investments. The author comes to the conclusion that single common methodology and standards for the evaluation of all forms of efficiency (economic, social, demographic and environmental) the use of state and interstate programs of support of social and infrastructural projects in rural areas, including a preliminary assessment of the needs in social and engineering facilities are necessary.

Sustainable Development, Ocean Governance and Marine Protected Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
David Freestone
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Aichi Biodiversity Targets

By 2020, at least ten percent of the global oceans should be subject to area-based protection according to the target agreed by the parties to the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity in 2010 (Aichi Biodiversity Targets) and reiterated in 2015 Sustainable Development Goal 14.5. This paper looks at the Sustainable Development Goals and the evolution of the concept of Sustainable Development, distinguishing it from international environmental law. Then it looks at the way in which the goals relate to ocean governance and the current lacunae in the system established by the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention and the negotiations within the UN to address the issue of the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in area beyond national jurisdiction. In particular, it looks at the sectoral approaches to area-based protection in areas beyond national jurisdiction, where currently iucn reports that only 1.18% is protected.

scholarly journals The Activity of the Convention Structures of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity to Promote Technology Transfer

Legal Concept ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Mark Shugurov
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Executive Secretary ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Convention On Biodiversity

Introduction: in the context of increasing the role of technology transfer in achieving the sustainable development goals, the importance of scientific and technological cooperation within the framework of the Convention cooperation is increasing. The aim of the study is to develop a comprehensive proposal on the systemic interaction of the Convention structures of the UN Convention on Biodiversity in promoting the transfer of biotechnologies for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The objectives of the study are: 1) to carry out a consistent analysis of the development perspective of technology transfer at the level of meetings of the Conference of the Parties, in the activities of the Executive Secretary, the Subsidiary body on scientific, technical and technological advice and the Clearing-House Mechanism; 2) to reveal promising areas of the Convention cooperation on facilitating the biotechnology transfer. Methods: the general scientific methods (systemic, structural and functional) and specific scientific methods (comparative law, dogmatic legal). Results: the Convention structures of the Convention on Biodiversity, treating the technology transfer as a multi-component process, develop and implement measures to promote it on the basis of taking into account the technological needs, creating an enabling environment and appropriate information exchange. The CBD Convention process is open to other Convention and non-Convention technology transfer initiatives governed by the Convention in order to achieve synergies. Conclusions: the CBD Convention Bodies play a crucial role in enhancing the cooperation among all stakeholders, as well as identifying the gaps and eliminating the duplication of the international biotechnology transfer initiatives in line with the objectives of the Convention.

Certifying Biodiversity: The Union for Ethical BioTrade and the Search for Ethical Sourcing

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-528
Author(s):  
Drossos Stamboulakis ◽  
Jay Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Nagoya Protocol ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Private Action ◽  
Ethical Sourcing ◽  
Private Actors

Abstract This article is concerned with the potential for private action to improve sourcing practices to promote biodiversity. More specifically this article examines the Union for Ethical BioTrade (UEBT) and its verification and certification of ‘sourcing with respect’: that is, sourcing ingredients from biodiversity in a way that is respectful to both the local environment and people. While key international biodiversity treaties and instruments—such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Nagoya Protocol—encourage public actors to work with private actors to develop methods for the sustainable use of biological resources, our examination of UEBT shows that there are concerns over the standards, implementation and enforcement of private initiatives. In conclusion, we suggest two key ways in which transnational or public/private initiatives can be strengthened. First, via more proactively promoting public/private cooperation, including about how certification is used to reduce inconsistency and consumer overload or confusion. Secondly, by placing greater emphasis on mechanisms that place pressure on supply chain actors to source in ways that promote biodiversity.

“Nós sem Deus e sem água não é nada”: saberes e conquista na criação da reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável Nascentes Geraizeiras / "Without god and without water we ain't nothing": knowledge and conquest in creating...

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Maria Lúcia de Oliveira Agostinho ◽  
Rodrigo Dos Santos Crepalde
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Religious Social Movements

Desde o início da década de 1970, as disputas por território na região Norte de Minas Gerais cresceram em consequência do “encurralamento” das comunidades rurais, da crise hídrica e assoreamento de solos provocados pelas ocupações desordenadas dos empreendimentos da monocultura do eucalipto. Recentemente, criou-se uma unidade de conservação de uso sustentável em área de cerrado na região com o objetivo de proteger a biodiversidade e as nascentes que ainda restam. O presente trabalho procurou compreender de que modo os diversos saberes (científicos, tradicionais, religiosos, dos movimentos sociais, dentre outros) foram mobilizados, na comunidade de Água Boa II, no processo de criação da reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável Nascentes Geraizeiras. Realizou-se trabalho de campo por meio de visitas e entrevistas semiestruturadas a moradores da comunidade mencionada. As informações obtidas nos indicam que os camponeses envolvidos na luta pela criação da reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável possuem um modo próprio e singular de relacionar-se com a natureza, através de saberes que entrelaçam diferentes conhecimentos, especialmente aqueles ligados aos conceitos de território, comunidade, religiosidade e biodiversidade.Palavras-chave: Reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável; Conhecimentos tradicionais; Saberes; Geraizeiros; Biodiversidade. ABSTRACT: Since the beginning of the 1970’s, disputes over territory in the northern region of Minas Gerais increased, as a consequence of the cornering of rural communities, of the hydric crisis and of the silting of soils caused by disordered occupations of eucalyptus monoculture enterprises. Recently, a unit of conservation for sustainable use in an area of Brazilian cerrado in the region, with the objective of protecting a biodiversity and water resources that still remain, was created. The present work sought to understand how the diverse knowledge (scientific, traditional, religious, social movements, among others) were mobilized in the community of Água Boa II in the process of creating the sustainable development reserve Nascentes Geraizeiras. Fieldwork was carried out through visits and semi-structured interviews with residents of the mentioned community. The information obtained indicates that the peasants involved in the struggle to create the sustainable development reserve have a unique way of relating to nature, through knowledge that interweaves different wisdoms, especially those related to concepts of territory, community, religiosity and biodiversity.Keywords: Sustainable development reserve; Traditional knowledge; Knowledge; Geraizeiros; Biodiversity.

History, Heritage and Sustainable Development: A Position Statement on the Scottish Highlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
S. Karly Kehoe ◽  
Chris Dalglish
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
The Past ◽  
Taking Charge ◽  
Rural World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Crucial Part

Evidence of how history and culture have been or should be harnessed to promote sustainability in remote and rural communities is mounting. To be sustainable, development must come from within, it must serve future generations as well as those in the present and it must attend to the vitality of culture, society, the economy and the environment. Historical research has an important contribution to make to sustainability, especially if undertaken collaboratively, by challenging and transcending the boundaries between disciplines and between the professional researchers, communities and organisations which serve and work with them. The Sustainable Development Goals’ motto is ‘leaving no one behind’, and for the 17 Goals to be met, there must be a dramatic reshaping of the ways in which we interact with each other and with the environment. Enquiry into the past is a crucial part of enabling communities, in all their shapes and sizes, to develop in sustainable ways. This article considers the rural world and posits that historical enquiry has the potential to deliver insights into the world in which we live in ways that allow us to overcome the negative legacies of the past and to inform the planning of more positive and progressive futures. It draws upon the work undertaken with the Landscapes and Lifescapes project, a large partnership exploring the historic links between the Scottish Highlands and the Caribbean, to demonstrate how better understandings of the character and consequences of previous development might inform future development in ways that seek to tackle injustices and change unsustainable ways of living. What we show is how taking charge of and reinterpreting the past is intrinsic to allowing the truth (or truths) of the present situation to be brought to the surface and understood, and of providing a more solid platform for overcoming persistent injustices.

scholarly journals Challenging the State: Devolutionary Tenure Transitions for Saving and Expanding Forests

Human Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Alden Wily
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
The Will ◽  
Customary Land

AbstractI address a contentious element in forest property relations to illustrate the role of ownership in protecting and expanding of forest cover by examining the extent to which rural communities may legally own forests. The premise is that whilst state-owned protected areas have contributed enormously to forest survival, this has been insufficiently successful to justify the mass dispossession of customary land-owning communities this has entailed. Further, I argue that state co-option of community lands is unwarranted. Rural communities on all continents ably demonstrate the will and capacity to conserve forests – provided their customary ownership is legally recognized. I explore the property rights reforms now enabling this. The replication potential of community protected forestlands is great enough to deserve flagship status in global commitments to expand forest including in the upcoming new Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

scholarly journals An Ecological Service System Based Study on Suburban Rural Landscape Multifunction

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Lisha Na ◽  
Binglin Liu ◽  
Tiantian Zhang ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Support Function ◽  
Service System ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecological Service ◽  
Single Function ◽  
Data Constraints

Suburban rural landscape multifunction has received increasing attention from scholars due to its high demand and impact on main urban areas. However, few studies have been focused on suburban rural landscape multifunction because of data constraints. The present study quantified the four landscape services based on ecological service system, i.e., regulating function (RF), provision function (PF), culture function (CF), and support function (SF), determined the interaction through the Spearman correlation coefficient, and ultimately identified the landscape multifunction hotspots and dominant functions through overlay analysis. The result indicated that suburban rural communities have exhibited the characteristics of regional multifunction, and the landscape multifunction hotspots accounted for 64.2%; it should be particularly noted that, among single-function, dual-function, and multifunction hotspots, both support function, and culture function was dominant, while only one case was found in which the regulating function was dominant. Furthermore, all landscape functions other than SF-CF exhibited certain correlations. The study suggests that planning and management should be performed in future in combination with landscape multifunction to ensure the sustainable development of suburban rural communities.

scholarly journals A Regional Review of Genetic Resource Access and Benefit Sharing – Key Issues and Research Gaps

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Clare Morrison ◽  
Fran Humphries ◽  
Charles Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Access And Benefit Sharing ◽  
Legal Mechanism

Countries are increasingly using access and benefit sharing (ABS) as a legal mechanism to support the conservation and sustainable use of the world’s biological diversity. ABS regulates collection and/or use of genetic resources/traditional knowledge and sharing benefits from their use with the provider. The purpose of this review is to assess the trends, biases and gaps of ABS literature using a regional comparative approach about the key topics of concern between each region. It analyses four key topic groupings: (1) implementation of international, regional and national ABS policy and law; (2) intellectual property and ABS; (3) traditional knowledge; and (4) research, development and commercialisation. Findings included gaps in: (1) analysing effectiveness of national level implementation; (2) addressing apparent conflicts between support for intellectual property promoting exclusivity for traditional knowledge and challenges to intellectual property exclusivity for patents; (3) examining traditional knowledge of local communities (in contrast to Indigenous Peoples); and (4) lack of practical examples that quantify benefit sharing from research and commercialisation outcomes. We conclude that future research addressing the identified gaps and biases can promote more informed understanding among stakeholders about the ABS concept and whether it is capable of delivering concrete biological conservation, sustainable use and equity outcomes.

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