scholarly journals Immunizations in Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Boston ◽  
Jennifer J. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Preventive Care ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Team Physician ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Health Organization

Context: Immunizations are a cornerstone of preventive care and an important consideration for team physicians caring for athletes. Evidence Acquisition: A PubMed search was performed from August 2016 through May 2017 as well as a website review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, and Immunization Action Coalition. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: By keeping abreast of diseases endemic to nations to which athletes may be traveling as well as the vaccination status of the athletes, team physicians can provide appropriate advice regarding immunization and prevention of disease. Conclusion: There are a host of regularly updated reliable websites to assist the team physician in these recommendations.

scholarly journals Outbreak column 21: Tuberculosis (TB): Still a nosocomial threat

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Evonne T Curran
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission ◽  
National Guidance ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

This outbreak column explores the epidemiology and infection prevention guidance on tuberculosis (TB) in the UK. The column finds that, at present, national guidance leaves UK hospitals ill-prepared to prevent nosocomial TB transmission. Reasons for this conclusion are as follows: (1) while TB is predominantly a disease that affects people with ‘social ills’, it has the potential to infect anyone who is sufficiently exposed; (2) nosocomial transmission is documented throughout history; (3) future nosocomial exposures may involve less treatable disease; and (4) current UK guidance is insufficient to prevent nosocomial transmission and is less than that advocated by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

scholarly journals Febre amarela: avanços e retrocessos desde as primeiras referências da doença às epidemias atuais

2020 ◽  
pp. e1834
Author(s):  
Andréia Michelle Alves Cunha de Alcântara ◽  
Ivan de Alcântara Barbosa Barros ◽  
Egídio Augusto Cunha Pereira de Alcântara ◽  
Ivan Barbosa Barros ◽  
Rosemery Batista Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
On Line ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Health Organization

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura com os principais teores referentes à infecção pelo vírus da febre amarela: registros históricos e epidemiológicos, virologia, transmissão, aspectos clínicos, diagnóstico, tratamento e profilaxia, associando-os aos avanços e retrocessos no combate à doença no Brasil. Metodologia: A revisão fundamentou-se em artigos das bases on line National Center for Biotechnology, (NCBI Pubmed) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), entre 1928-2016 e nas plataformas governamentais BRASIL, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) e World Health Organization ( WHO), entre 2010-2019. Resultados: os episódios de febre amarela (FA) em humanos no país, após 1942, sobretudo nos últimos anos 2017-2018, decorreram do ciclo silvestre e sugerem uma relação direta com degradação e tragédias ambientais. Também, episódios de FA silvestre em humanos, somados ao retorno do vetor urbano e falhas na cobertura vacinal nacional, inferem uma ameaça de reurbanização da doença. Considerações finais: Dada a importância da FA para a saúde pública no Brasil, faz-se necessário o implemento de ações imediatas e a longo prazo. Imediata, com a ampliação da cobertura vacinal gratuita nacional em quantidade suficiente para evitar surtos; e em longo prazo, a implementação de políticas públicas direcionadas a preservação ambiental e ao controle vetorial urbano.

scholarly journals Dynamic profile of severe or critical COVID-19 cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Dynamic Profile

AbstractIn December 2019, a cluster of acute respiratory illness, now known as SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, occurred in Wuhan, China. World Health Organization (WHO) declared the rapidly spreading coronavirus outbreak a pandemic on March 11, 2020, acknowledging what has seemed clear for some time — the virus will likely spread to all countries on the globe. As of February 11, 2020, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) has officially reported that there are 2.0% (889) asymptomatic cases, 2.3% (1,023) death cases, and 80.9% mild cases among 44,672 confirmed cases. 51.4% (22,981) were male and 48.6% (21,691) were female. Lymphopenia, in particular T lymphopenia, was common among patients with SARS-COV-2 in the observation. A notable drop in CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts occurred early in the course of the syndrome and was associated with adverse outcomes. The appearing a phenomenon of lymphocyte depletion (PLD) suggested severe adverse outcomes. The outcome observed: 60% had discharged and 20% had die.

scholarly journals Fatores ambientais associados ao sobrepeso infantil

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Farias de Novaes ◽  
Joel Alves Lamounier ◽  
Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini ◽  
Silvia Eloíza Priore
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Health Organization

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os fatores ambientais intra-uterinos, perinatais e familiares associados ao sobrepeso infantil, ainda controversos na literatura. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com 627 crianças, de 6 a 10 anos, matriculadas em escolas urbanas públicas e privadas do município de Viçosa (MG). O estado nutricional das crianças foi classificado pelo índice de massa corporal, segundo a preconização do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Foram aferidas as medidas de peso, estatura, pregas cutâneas tricipital e subescapular, circunferências da cintura e do quadril e pressão arterial das crianças, sendo os fatores ambientais obtidos por meio de questionário, segundo informações maternas. Classificou-se o estado nutricional das mães segundo a recomendação do World Health Organization. RESULTADOS: Do total de crianças, 87,9% eram eutróficas e 12,1% apresentavam sobrepeso. De acordo com a análise de regressão logística múltipla, os fatores associados ao sobrepeso infantil foram apresentar mãe obesa (OR: 6,92; p<0,001), ser filho unigênito (OR: 1,87; p=0,03), permacer tempo superior a 3 horas diárias em frente à televisão (OR: 1,91; p=0,04), não realizar educação física na escola (OR: 4,80; p=0,02) e ser do sexo masculino (OR: 2,60; p=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo permite elucidar a identificação de fatores ambientais, potencialmente modificáveis, associados ao sobrepeso infantil no município de Viçosa. A determinação dos fatores ambientais é importante, uma vez que o aumento na prevalência do sobrepeso na infância não pode ser totalmente explicado pelos fatores genéticos.

scholarly journals Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to Prevent the COVID-19. What Do Healthcare Workers Really Need to Protect Themselves and Survive?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami AL Edwan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The healthcare workers are exposed to dangerous pathogen agents during the outbreak of the new coronavirus COVID-19. To minimize the risk of becoming infected by this virus, healthcare workers need to wear the most appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the guidelines that the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend for the rational use of EPP to protect healthcare workers against the novel coronavirus COVID-19.Methodology: To learn how to effectively protect healthcare workers against the COVID-19, a detailed analysis and comparison of the WHO and CDC guidelines related to the proper use of personal protection equipment (PPE) in different healthcare settings was carried out. Results: The results of this study based on an analysis of PPE recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicated that the safety and protection of healthcare workers can be maximized if the guidelines suggested by these institutions are followed. In general, the WHO and CDC recommendations based on medical practices are similar, and depending on the healthcare activities and settings where the healthcare workers perform their work, suggest wearing medical/surgical facemasks, respirators, googles and face shields (eye protection), gloves, gowns and aprons. Conclusions: The protection and safety of the healthcare workers can be maximized during the outbreak of COVID-19 by following the WHO and CDC recommendations described in this study. The general guidelines offered by these institutions are similar and based on medical practices.

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