Risk Factors Associated With Low Back Pain in Golfers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Context: Low back pain is common in golfers. The risk factors for golf-related low back pain are unclear but may include individual demographic, anthropometric, and practice factors as well as movement characteristics of the golf swing. Objective: The aims of this systematic review were to summarize and synthesize evidence for factors associated with low back pain in recreational and professional golfers. Data Sources: A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases through September 2017. Study Selection: Studies were included if they quantified demographic, anthropometric, biomechanical, or practice variables in individuals with and without golf-related low back pain. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Studies were independently reviewed for inclusion by 2 authors, and the following data were extracted: characterization of low back pain, participant demographics, anthropometrics, biomechanics, strength/flexibility, and practice characteristics. The methodological quality of studies was appraised by 3 authors using a previously published checklist. Where possible, individual and pooled effect sizes of select variables of interest were calculated for differences between golfers with and without pain. Results: The search retrieved 73 articles, 19 of which met the inclusion criteria (12 case-control studies, 5 cross-sectional studies, and 2 prospective longitudinal studies). Methodological quality scores ranged from 12.5% to 100.0%. Pooled analyses demonstrated a significant association between increased age and body mass and golf-related low back pain in cross-sectional/case-control studies. Prospective data indicated that previous history of back pain predicts future episodes of pain. Conclusion: Individual demographic and anthropometric characteristics may be associated with low back pain, but this does not support a relationship between swing characteristics and the development of golf-related pain. Additional high-quality prospective studies are needed to clarify risk factors for back pain in golfers.

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Risk factors leading to pulmonary exacerbation in patients with cystic fibrosis: A systematic review

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.04-515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Danish Abdul Aziz ◽

Syeda Khadija Fatima ◽

Hasan Nawaz Tahir

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Pulmonary Exacerbation ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Randomised Controlled

Objective: To ascertain major risk factors associated with pulmonary exacerbation and pulmonary function decline in cystic fibrosis. Method: The systematic review was conducted at Aga Khan University, Karachi, in September 2018, and comprised electronic search of PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases of studies conducted from January 1990 to September 2018 which were categorised into 3 sets; 1990-98, 1999-2007 and 2008-18. Studies included for review focussed on articles with pulmonary exacerbation as the health outcome indicator, and had diagnosis of cystic fibrosis as the inclusion criteria, while risk factors were the exposure terms used in the search process. References in bibliographies of the included studies were also systematically searched for relevant documents. Results: Of the 60 studies obtained, 31(51.7%) were selected; 2(6.45%) from 1990-98, 7(22.58%) from 1999-2007 and 22(70.96%) from 2008-18. Overall, 17(54.83%) were cohort studies, 7(22.5%) were cross-sectional studies, 3(9.6%) were case-control studies, 3(9.6%) were randomised controlled trials and 1(3.2%) was systematic review and meta-analysis. In terms of major risk factors, genetic mutations were cited by 4(12.9%) studies, infections and inflammatory biomarkers by 15(48.4%), nutritional deficiencies by 9(29%) and geographical and socioeconomic status by 3(9.6%) studies. Conclusion: Early identification and recognition of risk factors associated with pulmonary exacerbation can have an explicit impact on its management, leading to decreased morbidity and mortality burden in cystic fibrosis cases. Key Words: Pulmonary exacerbation, Cystic fibrosis, Risk factors, Systematic review. Continuous...

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Are there differences in lifting technique between those with and without low back pain? A systematic review

Scandinavian Journal of Pain ◽

10.1515/sjpain-2019-0089 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 215-227

Author(s):

David Nolan ◽

Kieran O’Sullivan ◽

Chris Newton ◽

Gurpreet Singh ◽

Benjamin E. Smith

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Muscle Activity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Low Back ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lifting Technique ◽

Manual Handling ◽

Free People

AbstractBackground and aimsTo systemically review the literature to compare freestyle lifting technique, by muscle activity and kinematics, between people with and without low back pain (LBP).MethodsFive databases were searched along with manual searches of retrieved articles by a single reviewer. Studies were included if they compared a freestyle lifting activity between participants with and without LBP. Data were extracted by two reviewers, and studies were appraised using the CASP tool for case-control studies.ResultsNine studies were eligible. Heterogeneity did not allow for meta-analysis. Most studies (n = 8 studies) reported that people with LBP lift differently to pain-free controls. Specifically, people with LBP lift more slowly (n = 6 studies), use their legs more than their back especially when initiating lifting (n = 3 studies), and jerk less during lifting (n = 1 studies). Furthermore, the four larger studies involving people with more severe LBP also showed that people with LBP lift with less spinal range of motion and greater trunk muscle activity for a longer period.ConclusionsPeople with LBP move slower, stiffer, and with a deeper knee bend than pain-free people during freestyle lifting tasks. Interestingly, such a lifting style mirrors how people, with and without LBP, are often told how to lift during manual handling training. The cross-sectional nature of the comparisons does not allow for causation to be determined.ImplicationsThe changes described may show embodiment of cautious movement, and the drive to protect the back. There may be value in exploring whether adopting a lifting style closer to that of pain-free people could help reduce LBP.

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Factors associated with disabling low back pain among nursing personnel at a medical centre in Japan: a comparative cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032297 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e032297 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Takahiko Yoshimoto ◽

Hiroyuki Oka ◽

Shuhei Ishikawa ◽

Akatsuki Kokaze ◽

Shingo Muranaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Nursing Personnel ◽

Low Back ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Previous Episode ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

ObjectivesLow back pain (LBP) is a common cause of disability among nursing personnel. Although many studies regarding the risk factors for LBP among nursing staff have focused on the physical load at work, multidimensional assessments of risk factors are essential to identify appropriate preventive strategies. We aimed to investigate the association of multidimensional factors (individual, physical, psychological and occupational) with disabling LBP among nursing personnel in Japan.DesignObservational study with comparative cross-sectional design.SettingData were collected using the self-administered questionnaire at a tertiary medical centre.ParticipantsAfter excluding participants with missing variables, 718 nursing personnel were included in the analysis.Outcome measuresA self-administered questionnaire assessed individual characteristics, rotating night shift data, severity of LBP, previous episode of LBP, sleep problem, kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia), depressive condition (K6), physical flexibility and frequency of lifting at work. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the factors associated with disabling LBP (LBP interfering with work) among nursing personnel.ResultsOf all participants, 110 (15.3%) reported having disabling LBP. The multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjustment for several confounding factors showed that kinesiophobia (highest tertile, adjusted OR (aOR): 6.13, 95% CI : 3.34 to 11.27), previous episode of LBP (aOR: 4.31, 95% CI: 1.50 to 12.41) and insomnia (aOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.62) were significantly associated with disabling LBP.ConclusionsThe present study indicated that kinesiophobia, a previous episode of LBP, and sleep problems were associated with disabling LBP among nursing personnel. In the future, workplace interventions considering assessments of these factors may reduce the incidence of disabling LBP in nursing staff, although further prospective studies are needed.

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