scholarly journals Rising Ethnic Diversity in the United States Accompanies Shifts Toward an Individualistic Culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062096723
Author(s):  
Alex C. Huynh ◽  
Igor Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Relational Structures ◽  
Individualistic Culture ◽  
The Relationship

We investigate the relationship between ethnic diversity and the rise of individualism in the United States during the 20th and 21st centuries. Tests of the historical rates of ethnic diversity alongside individualistic relational structures (e.g., adults living alone, single-/multi-child families) from the years 1950 to 2018 reveal that societal and regional rates of ethnic diversity accompanied individualistic relational structures. These effects hold above and beyond time-series trends in each variable. Further evidence from experimental studies ( N = 707) suggests that the presence of, and contact with, ethnically diverse others contributes to greater individualistic values (e.g., the importance of uniqueness and personal achievement). Converging evidence across societal-, regional-, and individual-level analyses suggests a systematic link between ethnic diversity and individualism. We discuss the implications of these findings for sociocultural livelihood in light of the rising rates of ethnic diversity across the globe.

scholarly journals Rising ethnic diversity in the United States accompanies shifts toward an individualistic culture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Huynh ◽  
Igor Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Relational Structures ◽  
Individualistic Culture ◽  
The Relationship

We investigate the relationship between ethnic diversity and the rise of individualism in the United States during the 20th-21st centuries. Tests of the historical rates of ethnic diversity alongside individualistic relational structures (e.g., adults living alone, single/multi-child families) from the years 1950-2018 reveal that societal and regional rates of ethnic diversity accompanied individualistic relational structures. These effects hold above and beyond time series trends in each variable. Further evidence from experimental studies (N = 707) suggest that the presence of, and contact with, ethnically diverse others contributes to greater individualistic values (e.g., the importance of uniqueness and personal achievement). Converging evidence across societal, regional, and individual-level analyses suggests a systematic link between ethnic diversity and individualism. We discuss the implications of these findings for socio-cultural livelihood in light of the rising rates of ethnic diversity across the globe.

scholarly journals Becoming American: Intermarriage during the Great Migration to the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dribe ◽  
J. David Hacker ◽  
Francesco Scalone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Marital Outcomes ◽  
Origin Group

Although intermarriage is a common indicator of immigrant integration into host societies, most research has focused on how individual characteristics determine intermarriage. This study uses the 1910 ipums census sample to analyze how contextual factors affected intermarriage among European immigrants in the United States. Newly available, complete-count census microdata permit the construction of contextual measures at a much lower level of aggregation—the county—in this analysis than in previous studies. Our results confirm most findings in previous research relating to individual-level variables but also find important associations between contextual factors and marital outcomes. The relative size and sex ratio of an origin group, ethnic diversity, the share of the native-born white population, and the proportion of life that immigrants spent in the United State are all associated with exogamy. These patterns are highly similar across genders and immigrant generations.

Diversity Beliefs as Moderator of the Contact–Prejudice Relationship

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adekemi A. Adesokan ◽  
Johannes Ullrich ◽  
Rolf van Dick ◽  
Linda R. Tropp
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moderator Effects ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Research on intergroup contact has recently begun to examine how individual differences moderate the reduction of prejudice. We extend this work by examining the moderating role of diversity beliefs, i.e., the strength of individuals’ beliefs that society benefits from ethnic diversity. Results of a survey among 255 university students in the United States show that the relationship between contact and reduced prejudice is stronger for individuals holding less favorable diversity beliefs compared to those with more positive diversity beliefs. Likewise, the relationship between contact and perceived importance of contact is stronger for people with less favorable diversity beliefs. Together with previously reported moderator effects, these results suggest that contact especially benefits people who are the most predisposed to being prejudiced.

scholarly journals Cognitive Habits Linked to Resilience: Surprising Commonalities across the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Life Challenges ◽  
Appraisal Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Abstract: Background: Research has documented many geographic inequities in health. Research has also documented that the way one thinks about health and quality of life (QOL) affects one’s experience of health, treatment, and one’s ability to cope with health problems. Purpose: We examined United-States (US) regional differences in QOL appraisal (i.e., the way one thinks about health and QOL), and whether resilience-appraisal relationships varied by region. Methods: Secondary analysis of 3,955 chronic-disease patients and caregivers assessed QOL appraisal via the QOL Appraisal Profile-v2 and resilience via the Centers for Disease Control Healthy Days Core Module. Covariates included individual-level and aggregate-level socioeconomic status (SES) characteristics. Zone improvement plan (ZIP) code was linked to publicly available indicators of income inequality, poverty, wealth, population density, and rurality. Multivariate and hierarchical residual modeling tested study hypotheses that there are regional differences in QOL appraisal and in the relationship between resilience and appraisal. Results: After sociodemographic adjustment, QOL appraisal patterns and the appraisal-resilience connection were virtually the same across regions. For resilience, sociodemographic variables explained 26 % of the variance; appraisal processes, an additional 17 %; and region and its interaction terms, just an additional 0.1 %. Conclusion: The study findings underscore a geographic universality across the contiguous US in how people think about QOL, and in the relationship between appraisal and resilience. Despite the recent prominence of divisive rhetoric suggesting vast regional differences in values, priorities, and experiences, our findings support the commonality of ways of thinking and responding to life challenges. These findings support the wide applicability of cognitive-based interventions to boost resilience

America’s New Racial/Ethnic Diversity

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lee ◽  
Frank D. Bean
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Minority Group ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The United States is more racially/ethnically diverse than at any point in the country’s history as a result of immigration, intermarriage, and multiracial identification. The Latino and Asian populations have more than tripled in size since 1970; Latinos are now the largest racial/ethnic minority group, and Asians, the fastest growing group in the country. Also contributing to America’s new diversity is increasing intermarriage and a growing multiracial population. Intermarriage soared more than twenty-fold between 1960 and 2000, and the multiracial population is poised to account for one in five Americans by 2050, and one in three by 2100. However, this new diversity is not evenly apparent across the country. Some states—like California—reflect the new diversity, which is also evident at the metropolitan level. In other states, the new diversity is nearly invisible. The pattern of high and low diversity in the United States reflects the country’s vast heterogeneity.

Does It Matter How You Slice It? The Relationship Between Population Ageing and Use of Hospital and Posthospital Care in the United States

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-232
Author(s):  
Andrea Steiner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Home Health Care ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Medicare Patients ◽  
Very Old Age ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn the context of demographic transition, one would expect public health planners to allocate resources according to changing needs. This paper explores the effects that definitions of population ageing have on the images of, and subsequent responses to, demographic transition in the United States. Data are drawn from the 1988 U.S. Census and from a 20-percent national random sample of Medicare patients during the same period (n = 1.9 million). Main findings are that supply and use of acute services do differ according to definitions and the way in which population ageing has occurred; that, regardless of definition, older people in high-ageing states make far greater use of posthospital home health care than in low-ageing states; and that, although individual-level clinical factors appear central to rehabilitative decisions, all states seem to use very old age (85-plus) as a proxy to determine who goes where, with low-ageing states also affected by structural constraints at the hospital and market levels.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE HABITS LINKED TO RESILIENCE: SURPRISING COMMONALITIES ACROSS THE UNITED STATES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Life Challenges ◽  
Appraisal Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Background: Research has documented many geographic inequities in health. Research has also documented that the way one thinks about health and quality of life (QOL) affects one’s experience of health, treatment, and one’s ability to cope with health problems. Purpose: We examined United-States (US) regional differences in QOL appraisal (i.e., the way one thinks about health and QOL), and whether resilience-appraisal relationships varied by region. Methods: Secondary analysis of 3,955 chronic-disease patients and caregivers assessed QOL appraisal via the QOL Appraisal Profile-v2 and resilience via the Centers for Disease Control Healthy Days Core Module. Covariates included individual-level and aggregate-level socioeconomic status (SES) characteristics. Zone improvement plan (ZIP) code was linked to publicly available indicators of income inequality, poverty, wealth, population density, and rurality. Multivariate and hierarchical residual modeling tested study hypotheses that there are regional differences in QOL appraisal and in the relationship between resilience and appraisal. Results: After sociodemographic adjustment, QOL appraisal patterns and the appraisal-resilience connection were virtually the same across regions. For resilience, sociodemographic variables explained 26 % of the variance; appraisal processes, an additional 17 %; and region and its interaction terms, just an additional 0.1 %. Conclusion: The study findings underscore a geographic universality across the contiguous US in how people think about QOL, and in the relationship between appraisal and resilience. Despite the recent prominence of divisive rhetoric suggesting vast regional differences in values, priorities, and experiences, our findings support the commonality of ways of thinking and responding to life challenges. These findings support the wide applicability of cognitive-based interventions to boost resilience.

Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Courtney Bagge ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Beeble ◽  
Deborah Bybee ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Relationship

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

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