scholarly journals Neurological involvement of IgG4-related disease: description of a case and review of the literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Varrassi ◽  
Camilla Gianneramo ◽  
Francesco Arrigoni ◽  
Paolo Cerrone ◽  
Patrizia Sucapane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Spinal Root ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Igg4 Related Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
The Central Nervous System

IgG4-related disease is a recently discovered pathological entity, histologically characterised by fibrosis and IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration. This condition may virtually involve every site of the organism, with a various range of clinical presentations. The most commonly affected organ is the pancreatic gland, but it can also involve the biliary tract, salivary and lacrimal glands, kidneys, orbital tissues, lymph nodes, lungs and many others. More recently, IgG4-related disease has been demonstrated to involve, in rare cases, also the central nervous system, with a pattern mainly characterised by hypertrophic pachymeningitis. In this paper we evaluated the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of the IgG4-related disease in the central nervous system, reporting a case of brain and spinal cord involvement. In our case, in fact, a 62-year-old man complaining of paresthesia, burning dysesthesia and severe hyposthenia in the lower limbs presented with inflammatory pseudotumour with orbital involvement and focal dural and spinal root thickening.

scholarly journals Genotypical diversity of HIV clades and central nervous system impairment

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indianara Rotta ◽  
Sérgio Monteiro de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Vacuolar Myelopathy ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system are considered major target organs for HIV infection. The neurological manifestations directly related to HIV are acute viral meningitis, chronic meningitis, HIV associated dementia, vacuolar myelopathy and involvement of the peripheral nervous system. Changes in diagnosis and clinical management have changed the aspect of HIV infection so that it is no longer a fatal disease, and has become a chronic disease requiring sustained medical management. After HAART the incidence of most opportunistic infections, including those affecting the CNS, has dropped markedly. Some studies suggest that neurological involvement of infected patient occur with different frequency, depending on HIV subtype involved in the infection. Subtype C may have reduced neuroinvasive capacity, possibly due to its different primary conformation of HIV transactivating regulatory protein (Tat), involved in monocyte chemotaxis. This review focus on physiopathologic aspects of HIV infection in CNS and its correlation with HIV clades.

scholarly journals Extensive systemic metastases from primary central nervous system haemangiopericytoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20190081
Author(s):  
Chi Long Ho ◽  
Jeremy JH Lam ◽  
Robert Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Tumour Control ◽  
Local Tumour Control ◽  
Meningeal Tumour ◽  
Local Tumour ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Extracranial Metastases

Primary intracranial tumours rarely metastasise outside of the central nervous system (CNS). This report describes a rare case of recurrent meningeal haemangiopericytoma with extensive systemic metastases, which eventually resulted in a fatal outcome. We discuss some prevailing theories as to the rarity of extracranial metastases from primary CNS haemangiopericytoma, and elucidate the epidemiology, imaging features, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this unusual but surprisingly aggressive meningeal tumour. Besides aggressive treatment for local tumour control, patients with primary CNS haemangiopericytoma require long-term post-treatment surveillance to detect systemic metastases.

Imaging features of multifocal primary rhabdoid tumour of the central nervous system with meningeal and spinal metastases

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter De Mot ◽  
Philippe Demaerel ◽  
Guy Wilms ◽  
Stefaan Van Gool ◽  
Raf Sciot
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Metastases ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Rhabdoid Tumour ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Clinicopathological and imaging features of lipoastrocytoma: Case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Laxminadh Sivaraju ◽  
Saritha Aryan ◽  
Nandita Ghosal ◽  
Alangar S Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Total Excision ◽  
Favorable Prognosis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Lipidized tumors of the central nervous system are very uncommon, with only a few cases described. We report a case of a 25-year-old woman with a tumor involving the left premotor area. She underwent gross total excision. Histologically, the tumor was composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive glial cells with areas of lipidization. A diagnosis of lipoastrocytoma was rendered. At three-year follow-up she was doing well, supporting the presumed favorable prognosis of these uncommon tumors. Absence of xanthochromic appearance, mitotic activity, necrosis and poor reticulin activity are the differentiating features from the pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. We highlighted that these tumors involve the adult and pediatric population and distribute in both supratentorial and infratentorial compartments as well as in the spinal cord.

scholarly journals Flexible recruitments of fundamental muscle synergies in the trunk and lower limbs for highly variable movements and postures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Saito ◽  
Hikaru Yokoyama ◽  
Atsushi Sasaki ◽  
Tatsuya Kato ◽  
Kimitaka Nakazawa
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Muscle Synergies ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Almost All

The extent to which muscle synergies represent the neural control of human behavior remains unknown. Here, we tested whether certain sets of muscle synergies that are fundamentally necessary across behaviors exist. We measured the electromyographic activities of 26 muscles including bilateral trunk and lower limb muscles during 24 locomotion, dynamic and static stability tasks, and extracted the muscle synergies using non-negative matrix factorization. Our results showed that 13 muscle synergies that may have unique functional roles accounted for almost all 24 tasks by combinations of single and/or merging of synergies. Therefore, our results may support the notion of the low dimensionality in motor outputs, in which the central nervous system flexibly recruits fundamental muscle synergies to execute diverse human behaviors. Further studies using manipulations of the central nervous system and/or neural recording are required the neural representation with such fundamental components of muscle synergies.

Malignant Transformation of Intramedullary Melanocytoma

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. E867-E869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Perrini ◽  
Michele Caniglia ◽  
Marzia Pieroni ◽  
Maura Castagna ◽  
Giuliano Francesco Parenti
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Primary Melanoma ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Melanocytic Tumors ◽  
Additional Surgery ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract OBJECTIVE Meningeal melanocytomas are low-grade primary melanocytic tumors with benign histological features and a favorable clinical prognosis. Transition from meningeal melanocytoma to primary melanoma of the central nervous system is exceptionally rare, with only 5 cases having been previously reported. Here, we discuss a case of malignant transformation of an intramedullary melanocytoma to primary melanoma and review the pertinent literature. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 79-year-old woman presented with progressive paresis in the lower limbs followed by sphincter dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging scans disclosed an intramedullary lesion located at the T10–T11 level. INTERVENTION The patient underwent subtotal resection of an intermediate-grade melanocytoma. Two years later, the tumor recurred locally, and the patient underwent additional surgery to remove the intramedullary mass. The histological findings of the tumor were consistent with an intramedullary malignant melanoma. CONCLUSION The malignant transformation of melanocytic tumors of the central nervous system may occur years after surgical treatment, and its incidence remains unknown. Emphasis should be placed on the importance of careful and continued follow-up monitoring of the tumor.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Manifestations in Rheumatic Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inimioara Cojocaru ◽  
Manole Cojocaru ◽  
Isabela Silosi ◽  
Camelia Vrabie
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Rheumatic Conditions

Central Nervous System Manifestations in Rheumatic DiseasesPatients with multi-system rheumatic conditions may have a disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Central nervous system manifestations vary according to the location of the lesion and range from focal findings (e.g., stroke-like presentations), although serious neurological complications in rheumatic disease appear to be rare. The most prominent features of neurological involvement in rheumatic diseases include cerebral ischaemia and psychiatric symptoms. Little information is available on the prevalence of neurological disease in patients with a rheumatological diagnosis. Involvement of the CNS may be a striking early or presenting feature with a wide variety of manifestations. There is more clarity about the CNS syndromes attributable to systemic lupus erythematosus and new insights into the central mechanisms involved in the manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Severe CNS involvement is associated with poor prognosis, and high mortality rate. We review the spectrum of neurological diseases in patients with a rheumatological diagnosis.

scholarly journals Spectrum of neurovascular complications from central nervous system infections (viral, bacterial and fungal)

BJR|Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. bjro.20180024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Tang ◽  
Nikhil Kaushik Patel ◽  
Robert Miller ◽  
Timothy Beale ◽  
Harpreet Hyare
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Potential Mode ◽  
Infectious Organism

In the following pictorial review, common and uncommon neurovascular complications associated with a spectrum of viral, bacterial and fungal infections involving the central nervous system will be illustrated. These complications include cerebral vascular insult, venous thrombosis, vasculitis and aneurysm formation. They can occur as separate entities but are often inter-related. The imaging features of neurovascular complication related to infections can provide clues and aid diagnosis when considering the potential mode of infectious spread and the type of potential infectious organism involved. The radiological appearances vary from common features that are shared by several types of pathogens to typical characteristics of a type of infectious organism.

Erdheim—Chester disease of the central nervous system

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh P. Babu ◽  
Thomas A. Lansen ◽  
Amy Chadburn ◽  
Samuel S. Kasoff
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Erdheim Chester Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Erdheim Chester ◽  
Chester Disease

✓ The authors report two cases of Erdheim—Chester disease (ECD), an illness of unknown pathogenesis. Generally, this disease process involves the metaphyseal and diaphyseal portions of the long bones, the lungs, and the retroperitoneum; however, other tissues may be involved including the central nervous system (CNS). To date only two cases of CNS-related ECD have been reported. The present report adds to the literature by documenting two more recent cases of ECD involving the CNS. The clinical presentations of these cases, their radiological findings with special reference to magnetic resonance imaging, pathological determination, and clinical management are briefly reviewed.

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