scholarly journals Biomaterials for corneal endothelial cell culture and tissue engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204173142199053
Author(s):  
Mohit Parekh ◽  
Vito Romano ◽  
Kareem Hassanin ◽  
Valeria Testa ◽  
Rintra Wongvisavavit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cell ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell Culture ◽  
Corneal Transplants

The corneal endothelium is the posterior monolayer of cells that are responsible for maintaining overall transparency of the avascular corneal tissue via pump function. These cells are non-regenerative in vivo and therefore, approximately 40% of corneal transplants undertaken worldwide are a result of damage or dysfunction of endothelial cells. The number of available corneal donor tissues is limited worldwide, hence, cultivation of human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs) in vitro has been attempted in order to produce tissue engineered corneal endothelial grafts. Researchers have attempted to recreate the current gold standard treatment of replacing the endothelial layer with accompanying Descemet’s membrane or a small portion of stroma as support with tissue engineering strategies using various substrates of both biologically derived and synthetic origin. Here we review the potential biomaterials that are currently in development to support the transplantation of a cultured monolayer of hCECs.

scholarly journals Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Expanded In Vitro Are a Powerful Resource for Tissue Engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsong Liu ◽  
Hong Sun ◽  
Min Hu ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Sean Tighe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cells ◽  
Human Corneal Endothelial Cells

scholarly journals Corneal endothelial cell dysfunction: etiologies and management

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 251584141881580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Feizi
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cell ◽  
Endothelial Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction

A transparent cornea is essential for the formation of a clear image on the retina. The human cornea is arranged into well-organized layers, and each layer plays a significant role in maintaining the transparency and viability of the tissue. The endothelium has both barrier and pump functions, which are important for the maintenance of corneal clarity. Many etiologies, including Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy, surgical trauma, and congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy, lead to endothelial cell dysfunction. The main treatment for corneal decompensation is replacement of the abnormal corneal layers with normal donor tissue. Nowadays, the trend is to perform selective endothelial keratoplasty, including Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty and Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty, to manage corneal endothelial dysfunction. This selective approach has several advantages over penetrating keratoplasty, including rapid recovery of visual acuity, less likelihood of graft rejection, and better patient satisfaction. However, the global limitation in the supply of donor corneas is becoming an increasing challenge, necessitating alternatives to reduce this demand. Consequently, in vitro expansion of human corneal endothelial cells is evolving as a sustainable choice. This method is intended to prepare corneal endothelial cells in vitro that can be transferred to the eye. Herein, we describe the etiologies and manifestations of human corneal endothelial cell dysfunction. We also summarize the available options for as well as recent developments in the management of corneal endothelial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Prospects and Challenges of Translational Corneal Bioprinting

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Fuest ◽  
Gary Hin-Fai Yam ◽  
Jodhbir S. Mehta ◽  
Daniela F. Duarte Campos
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Corneal Transplantation ◽  
Human Cornea ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Spatial Control

Corneal transplantation remains the ultimate treatment option for advanced stromal and endothelial disorders. Corneal tissue engineering has gained increasing interest in recent years, as it can bypass many complications of conventional corneal transplantation. The human cornea is an ideal organ for tissue engineering, as it is avascular and immune-privileged. Mimicking the complex mechanical properties, the surface curvature, and stromal cytoarchitecure of the in vivo corneal tissue remains a great challenge for tissue engineering approaches. For this reason, automated biofabrication strategies, such as bioprinting, may offer additional spatial control during the manufacturing process to generate full-thickness cell-laden 3D corneal constructs. In this review, we discuss recent advances in bioprinting and biomaterials used for in vitro and ex vivo corneal tissue engineering, corneal cell-biomaterial interactions after bioprinting, and future directions of corneal bioprinting aiming at engineering a full-thickness human cornea in the lab.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Inhibit Proliferation of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Parekh ◽  
Hefin Rhys ◽  
Tiago Ramos ◽  
Stefano Ferrari ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Proliferative Capacity ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cells ◽  
Human Corneal Endothelial Cells ◽  
The Media

Abstract Corneal endothelial cells (CEnCs) are a monolayer of hexagonal cells that are responsible for maintaining the function and transparency of the cornea. Damage or dysfunction of CEnCs could lead to blindness. Human CEnCs (HCEnCs) have shown limited proliferative capacity in vivo hence, their maintenance is crucial. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), are responsible for inter- and intra-cellular communication, proliferation, cell-differentiation, migration, and many other complex biological processes. Therefore, we investigated the effect of EVs (derived from human corneal endothelial cell line – HCEC-12) on corneal endothelial cells. HCEC-12 cells were starved with serum-depleted media for 72 hours. The media was ultracentrifuged at 100,000xg to isolate the EVs. EV counting, characterization, internalization and localization were performed using NanoSight, flow cytometry, Dil labelling and confocal microscopy respectively. HCEC-12 and HCEnCs were cultured with media supplemented with EVs. Extracted EVs showed a homogeneous mixture of exosomes and microvesicles. Cells with EVs decreased the proliferation rate; increased apoptosis and cell size; showed poor wound healing response in vitro and on ex vivo human, porcine, and rabbit CECs. Thirteen miRNAs were found in the EV sample using next generation sequencing. We observed that increased cellular uptake of EVs by CECs limit the proliferative capacity of HCEnCs. These preliminary data may help in understanding the pathology of corneal endothelial dysfunction and provide further insights in the development of future therapeutic treatment options.

scholarly journals Injury-Free In Vivo Delivery and Engraftment into the Cornea Endothelium Using Extracellular Matrix Shrink-Wrapped Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachelle N. Palchesko ◽  
Yiqin Du ◽  
Moira L. Geary ◽  
Santiago Carrasquilla ◽  
Daniel J. Shiwarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cells ◽  
Corneal Blindness

AbstractCell injection has emerged as a widespread approach for therapeutic delivery of healthy cells into diseased and damaged tissues to achieve regeneration. However, cell retention, viability and integration at the injection site has generally been poor, driving the need for improved approaches. Additionally, it is unknown how efficiently single cells can integrate and repair tissue level function. Here we have developed a technique to address these issues by engineering islands of interconnected cells on ECM nanoscaffolds that can be non-destructively released from the surface via thermal dissolution of the underlying thermo-responsive polymer. Upon dissolution of the polymer, the ECM nanoscaffold shrink-wraps around the small island of cells, creating a small patch of cells that maintain their cell-cell junctions and cytoskeletal structure throughout collection, centrifugation and injection that we have termed μMonolayers. These μMonolayers were made with corneal endothelial cells, as a model system, as single cell injections of corneal endothelial cells have been used with some success clinically to treat corneal blindness. In vitro our μMonolayers exhibited increased integration compared to single cells into low density corneal endothelial monolayers and in vivo into the high-density healthy rabbit corneal endothelium. These results indicate that this technique could be used to increase the integration of healthy cells into existing tissues to treat not only corneal blindness, but also other conditions such as cystic fibrosis, myocardial infarction, diabetes, etc.One Sentence SummarySmall monolayers of interconnected endothelial cells are shrinkwrapped in a thin layer of ECM and exhibit enhanced adhesion and integration in vivo compared to single cell suspensions.

scholarly journals Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells facilitate engineering of long-lasting functional vasculature

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 4551-4558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Au ◽  
Joshua Tam ◽  
Dai Fukumura ◽  
Rakesh K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Perivascular Cells ◽  
Perivascular Cell

Abstract Vascular tissue engineering requires a ready source of endothelial cells and perivascular cells. Here, we evaluated human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for use as vascular progenitor cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. hMSCs expressed a panel of smooth muscle markers in vitro including the cardiac/smooth muscle–specific transcription coactivator, myocardin. Cell-cell contact between endothelial cells and hMSCs up-regulated the transcription of myocardin. hMSCs efficiently stabilized nascent blood vessels in vivo by functioning as perivascular precursor cells. The engineered blood vessels derived from human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells and hMSCs remained stable and functional for more than 130 days in vivo. On the other hand, we could not detect differentiation of hMSCs to endothelial cells in vitro, and hMSCs by themselves could not form conduit for blood flow in vivo. Similar to normal perivascular cells, hMSC-derived perivascular cells contracted in response to endothelin-1 in vivo. In conclusion, hMSCs are perivascular cell precursors and may serve as an attractive source of cells for use in vascular tissue engineering and for the study of perivascular cell differentiation.

scholarly journals Characterization and Comparison of Intercellular Adherent Junctions Expressed by Human Corneal Endothelial Cells In Vivo and In Vitro

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 3879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Ting Zhu ◽  
Yasutaka Hayashida ◽  
Ahmad Kheirkhah ◽  
Hua He ◽  
Szu-Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cells ◽  
Human Corneal Endothelial Cells

Tissue Engineering of Pulmonary Heart Valves on Allogenic Acellular Matrix Conduits

Circulation ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Steinhoff ◽  
Ulrich Stock ◽  
Najibulla Karim ◽  
Heike Mertsching ◽  
Adine Timke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Control Valves ◽  
Acellular Matrix ◽  
Valve Tissue

Background —Tissue engineering using in vitro–cultivated autologous vascular wall cells is a new approach to biological heart valve replacement. In the present study, we analyzed a new concept to process allogenic acellular matrix scaffolds of pulmonary heart valves after in vitro seeding with the use of autologous cells in a sheep model. Methods and Results —Allogenic heart valve conduits were acellularized by a 48-hour trypsin/EDTA incubation to extract endothelial cells and myofibroblasts. The acellularization procedure resulted in an almost complete removal of cells. After that procedure, a static reseeding of the upper surface of the valve was performed sequentially with autologous myofibroblasts for 6 days and endothelial cells for 2 days, resulting in a patchy cellular restitution on the valve surface. The in vivo function was tested in a sheep model of orthotopic pulmonary valve conduit transplantation. Three of 4 unseeded control valves and 5 of 6 tissue-engineered valves showed normal function up to 3 months. Unseeded allogenic acellular control valves showed partial degeneration (2 of 4 valves) and no interstitial valve tissue reconstitution. Tissue-engineered valves showed complete histological restitution of valve tissue and confluent endothelial surface coverage in all cases. Immunohistological analysis revealed cellular reconstitution of endothelial cells (von Willebrand factor), myofibroblasts (α-actin), and matrix synthesis (procollagen I). There were histological signs of inflammatory reactions to subvalvar muscle leading to calcifications, but these were not found in valve and pulmonary artery tissue. Conclusions —The in vitro tissue-engineering approach using acellular matrix conduits leads to the in vivo reconstitution of viable heart valve tissue.

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