scholarly journals Increased awareness, inadequate treatment, and poor control of cardiovascular risk factors in American young adults: 2005–2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748732090519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Kalra ◽  
Vibhu Parcha ◽  
Nirav Patel ◽  
Anirudh Bhargava ◽  
Katherine S Booker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Insurance ◽  
Hypertension Awareness ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Control

Introduction There are little contemporary data about cardiovascular risk factors among young adults. We defined trends in diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia in American adults aged 18–44 years. Methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Study serial cross-sectional surveys were used to define three time periods: 2005–2008, 2009–2012, and 2013–2016. Age-adjusted weighted trends of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of DM, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were calculated by linear regression modelling in the overall sample, males, and females. Trends were calculated after adjustment for age, race, body mass index, smoking status, education attainment, income, insurance status, and number of healthcare visits. Results From 2005–2008 to 2013–2016, 15,171 participants were identified. DM prevalence was stable ∼3%, hypertension prevalence was stable ∼11.0%, and hypercholesterolemia prevalence declined from 11.5% to 9.0% (ptrend = 0.02). DM awareness stayed stable between 61.1 and 74.1%, hypertension awareness increased from 68.7 to 77.7% (ptrend = 0.05), and hypercholesterolemia awareness was stable between 46.8 and 54.1%. DM and hypertension treatment improved markedly (ptrend < 0.001 and 0.05, respectively) but the hypercholesterolemia treatment was stable ∼30%. DM control improved across survey periods (7.7–17.4%, ptrend = 0.04) but hypertension control (∼50%) and hypercholesterolemia control (∼13%) remained stable. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control trends also differed between males and females. Conclusions There is a stable prevalence of DM, high and stable prevalence of hypertension, and declining prevalence of hypercholesterolemia among young Americans. Despite stable or increasing awareness of diabetes and hypertension, there are inadequate treatment and control trends for DM, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.

scholarly journals Trends in prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension, awareness, treatment, control and cardiovascular risk factors in relatively large sample of Iranian menopausal women: 2001-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Eghbali-Babadi ◽  
Alireza Khosravi ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Hassan Alikhasi ◽  
Narges Kheirollahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Hypertension Awareness

Abstract Background prehypertension and hypertension are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Despite its importance, hypertension is often underestimated and undiagnosed, especially in women. This study was designed to determine trends in prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension, awareness, treatment, control and cardiovascular risk factors among the Iranian menopausal women. Methods This repeated Cross-sectional study was conducted on 8073 individuals which 1013 of these subjects were menopausal women older than 40, in Iran, in the years of 2001, 2007 and 2016. Samples were selected through random, multistage, cluster sampling. The data collected by the questionnaire included clinical information and blood pressure was determined via arm digital blood pressure monitors. Results The prevalence of hypertension was in the years 2001, 2007 and 2016, respectively % 52.6, % 49.0 and % 51.6, no significant changes were observed(p=0.628). The prevalence of Prehypertension over these years (% 56.6, %.53.3 and % 42.2) was significantly decreased (p=0.006). The Trends of awareness (p=0.015), treatment (p=0.009) and control (p<0.001) of hypertension in menopausal women with high blood pressure has significantly increased. Despite the increasing trends of drug treatment for hypertension, hypertension is uncontrolled in more than a third of subjects. Hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and Body mass index increased significantly from 2001 to 2016 among the menopausal women. Conclusions The results showed that hypertension and Prehypertension are highly prevalent among Iranian menopausal women and markedly increased with age. Interventional population-based approaches are needed to improve knowledge and efficient practice that may help lower the risk for hypertension and CVD among this at risk population.

Association between circulating Galectin-3 and arterial stiffness in older adults

VASA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Jia ◽  
Caroline Sun ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Mahmoud Al Rifai ◽  
David Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Galectin 3

Summary: Background: Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin associated tissue fibrosis and inflammation. There is limited understanding of the relationship between gal-3 and vascular health. Our aim was to assess the association between gal-3 and arterial stiffness in older adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 4275 participants (mean age of 75 years) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Central arterial stiffness was measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). We evaluated the association of gal-3 with cfPWV using multivariable linear regression. Results: The median (interquartile range) gal-3 concentration was 16.5 (13.8, 19.8) ng/mL and mean cfPWV was 1163±303 cm/s. Higher gal-3 concentration was associated with greater central arterial stiffness after adjustment for age, sex, race-center, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive medication use, and current smoking status (β=36.4 cm/s change in cfPWV per log unit change in gal-3; 95% CI: 7.2, 65.5, p=0.015). The association was attenuated after adjusting for additional cardiovascular risk factors (β=17.3, 95% CI: −14.4, 49.0). Conclusions: In community-dwelling older adults, gal-3 concentration was associated with central arterial stiffness, likely sharing common pathways with traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals Association between Hs-CRP and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Blood Pressure in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmak A.S. ◽  
Aszrin A. ◽  
Nor Zamzila A. ◽  
Aida N.S M. S. ◽  
Azarisman S.M.S.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Preventable Risk Factor ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hs Crp

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension remains the leading preventable risk factor for premature mortality and morbidity worldwide. The use of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as the global risk prediction assessment for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in asymptomatic individuals suggests the possibility that higher hs-CRP, or subclinical inflammation, maybe one of the causal factors contributing to an increased risk of CVD in young hypertensive patients. Most studies of hypertension and hs-CRP association were conducted regionally, whereby most of the participants were Caucasians with age beyond 40 years old. Studies of this association among young adults in Asian populations are lacking, therefore, a generalization of data might be limited to certain ages and populations only. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This comparative cross-sectional study analysed the association between hs-CRP and other cardiovascular risk factors with three different blood pressure statuses categorised into Normotensive (NT), Pre-hypertensive (PHT), and Hypertensive (HPT) groups among young adults in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. RESULTS: Independently, the association was significant only in males and subjects with parental history of hypertension in the prehypertensive group. However, in the hypertensive group, the relationships were significant not only in males and individuals with parental histories of hypertension but also in obese subjects. Hs[1]CRP was not associated with blood pressure status in the present study. CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that hs[1]CRP has an independent association with blood pressure status was not demonstrated in the present study. However, the observed association between circulating hs-CRP and blood pressure status is likely to be driven by confounders namely age, gender, genetic factors, and BMI status.

scholarly journals Urban index and lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in China: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685042110037
Author(s):  
Zhichong Chen ◽  
Menghui Liu ◽  
Shaozhao Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Xiong ◽  
Xiangbin Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors

China is at a stage of rapid urbanization over the past decades, and the association of urbanization with cardiovascular disease has been confirmed by previous studies. However, few studies assessed the association of urbanization with cardiovascular risk factors, especially in Chinese population. We conducted a cross-sectional, populational-based study, using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2009. The logistic regression was used to assess the association of urbanization measured by urban index with cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, physical activity and fruits and vegetables consumption), varied with sex. The current study included 18,887 participants enrolled (mean age 39.8 ± 19.8 years; 52.2% female) who live in China. In regression model, the urban index was significantly associated with the variations of cardiovascular risk factors for male, including diabetes (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.22–1.48), hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09–1.22), never smoking (OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.96), higher fruits and vegetables consumptions (OR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87–0.99), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.10–1.22), and higher physical activity (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.66–0.73). Compared with the male, the associations of urban index with cardiovascular risk factors for female were similar, but not for BMI (OR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.96–1.05). The present finding emphasizes the changes of cardiovascular risk factors associated with urbanization in China, and indicated that close attention should be paid to the risk of hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and men’s obesity in the process of urbanization.

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