scholarly journals Heuristics and political accountability in complex governance: An experimental test

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205316802095008
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Bertelli ◽  
Gregg G. Van Ryzin
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Small Business Administration ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Blame Attribution ◽  
Policy Failure ◽  
Policy Work ◽  
Experimental Findings

A growing body of empirical work suggests that identifying the actors formally tasked with implementing policy can focus attention away from incumbent politicians. We examine the effects on blame attribution and voting intention of (a) the identifiability of a responsible policy worker (administrator), and (b) the evaluability of the policy work or outcome (policy failure), in the context of programs at two federal agencies (loans by the Small Business Administration and inspections by the U.S. Department of Agriculture). Using a set of online survey experiments with 1105 US adults, we find that the evaluability of a (negative) outcome generally reduces voting intention, but that the identifiability of a policy worker (administrator) tends to shift blame away from the incumbent politician and thus to increase voting intention. These experimental findings provide at least partial support for our theoretical expectations.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Canadian health warning statements on caffeinated energy drinks: an experimental study among young Canadians

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-626
Author(s):  
Danielle Wiggers ◽  
Jessica L Reid ◽  
David Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Quantitative Statement ◽  
Product Appeal ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Experimental Findings

Abstract The current study examined the efficacy of health warnings on caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs). Participants aged 12–24 years (n = 2040) completed an online survey where they were asked to recall any existing warning statements on CED products and were randomized to one of 29 experimental warning conditions. Regression models were fitted to examine differences between conditions in product appeal, perceived safety and message recall. Overall, fewer than 30% of participants were able to accurately describe an existing CED product warning. Experimental findings indicated that exposure to CEDs with warning labels resulted in greater recall. Warnings on the back of CED cans featuring large font, a border, and a ‘caution’ heading resulted in significantly greater recall (P < 0.05 for all). Front-of-package ‘High source of caffeine’ labels resulted in greater recall than a quantitative description (P < 0.001); caffeine labels generally elicited lower product appeal (P < 0.001) and perceived safety (P = 0.002) ratings vs. no caffeine labels, and the qualitative caffeine statement elicited lower perceived safety ratings than the quantitative statement (P = 0.02). Existing warning statements in Canada have low levels of awareness. Warnings on CEDs could be enhanced to increase the salience of messages, with greater impact from clear, descriptive, front-of-package ‘High source of caffeine’ labels.

scholarly journals Unpacking contemporary English blends: Morphological structure, meaning, processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Natalia Beliaeva
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
English Language ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Morphological Theory ◽  
Experimental Findings

<p>It is not coincidental that blend words (e. g. nutriceutical ← nutricious + pharmaceutical, blizzaster ← blizzard + disaster) are more and more often used in media sources. In a blend, two (or sometimes more) words become one compact and attention-catching form, which is at the same time relatively transparent, so that the reader or listener can still recognise several constituents in it. These features make blends one of the most intriguing types of word formation. At the same time, blends are extremely challenging to study. A classical morpheme-based morphological description is not suitable for blends because their formation does not involve morphemes as such. This implies two possible approaches: either to deny blends a place in regular morphology (as suggested in Dressler (2000), for example), or to find grounds for including them into general morphological descriptions and theories (as was done, using different frameworks, in López Rúa (2004b), Gries (2012), Arndt-Lappe and Plag (2013) and other studies). The growing number of blends observed in various media sources indicates that this phenomenon is an important characteristic of the living contemporary language, and therefore, blends cannot be ignored in a morphological description of the English language (and many other typologically different languages). Moreover, I believe that the general morphological theory has to embrace blends because of the vast amount of regularity observed in their formation, despite their incredible diversity.  The formation of blends involves both addition and subtraction, which relates them both to compounds and to clippings. This research aims to clarify the morphological status of blends in relation to the neighbouring word formation categories, in particular, to the so-called clipping compounds (e.g. digicam ← digital + camera). To approach this problem, I compiled a collection of English neologisms formed by merging two (in some cases, more) words into one, and analysed their formal and semantic properties. The results of this analysis were used to distinguish between blends and clipping compounds, and also to justify the classification of blends according to different degrees of formal transparency (using the principles of Lehrer’s (1996, 2007) classification). The strength of the association between blends (or clipping compounds) and their source words was then assessed in two experiments: an online survey involving evaluating definitions of blends and clipping compounds, and a psycholinguistic experiment involving a production and a lexical decision task. The experimental findings show that recognisability of the source words of blends and clipping compounds has significant influence both on the evaluation of their definitions and on their processing. The main implication of the experimental results is that blends, unlike clipping compounds, are closer to compounds than to clippings. In addition to this, significant differences are revealed between blends containing full source words and blends containing only parts of them. Therefore, the structural type of blend, as defined in this study, is a factor which has strong influence on the processing of blends and their source words.</p>

scholarly journals How to feed The Ferret: Understanding subscribers in the search for a sustainable model of investigative journalism

Journalism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1320-1337
Author(s):  
John Price
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Online News ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
New Business ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
New Business Models

The Ferret was founded in Scotland in 2015 as a co-operative. Drawing funding from a variety of sources – including grants, crowdfunding, training and events – the organisation relies heavily on subscriptions for its core business model. The Ferret is one of a number of recent digital start-ups seeking to explore new ways of funding and sustaining investigative journalism against a backdrop of declining levels of such journalism from the mainstream media. Despite this, to date there has been very little detailed, empirical work into subscription or membership models of funding journalism. This article begins to address this by presenting the results of an online survey of The Ferret’s subscribers. The findings are discussed in the context of recent work from international scholars about paying for online news and new business models for public interest journalism. The results suggest that subscribers tend to be middle aged or older, to the left of the political spectrum and motivated mainly by a desire to support the production of investigative journalism – rather than gain exclusive access to its content. The article concludes by arguing that recruiting such people offers a potentially sustainable membership model for investigative journalism platforms, whereby journalism for the benefit of society is funded by the few.

scholarly journals New Developments in Biotechnology U.S. Investment in Biotechnology

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-151
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Federal Support ◽  
Support Of Research

Twelve federal agencies and one cross agency program spent roughly $2.7 billion in fiscal year 1987 in support of research and development in biotechnology, according to a report by the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that was released today. Federal support of biotechnology has increased every year since 1984.The National Institutes of Health contributed by far the largest share of federal support, approximately $2.3 billion, or 84%; the Department of Defense, $119 million, the National Science Foundation, $93.8 million; the U.S. Department of Agriculture, $84 million, and the Department of Energy $61.4 million, OTA reports.

scholarly journals Florida Solid and Hazardous Waste Regulation Handbook: Federal Legislation

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Olexa ◽  
Aaron Leviten ◽  
Kelly Samek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Army Corps Of Engineers ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
The U.S

This document discusses the important federal laws and regulations that impact solid waste management. Each particular statute is “explained” as it would probably apply to you. It also includes a brief description of the federal agencies responsible for implementing and enforcing these statutes. First and foremost is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), but other federal agencies, such as the Department of Agriculture, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Coast Guard, may become involved in the disposal of solid and hazardous wastes. This is EDIS document FE443, a publication of the Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, UF/IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Published December 2003.  https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe443

Intentions to turnover

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Cronley ◽  
Youn kyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Employee Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advance the knowledge base by testing the hypothesis that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between perceived organizational culture and intentions to turnover, and that employee characteristics moderate this relationship. Design/methodology/approach Data were drawn from a cross-sectional online survey of employees at one Area Command of The Salvation Army in the USA (N=250, 66.8 percent female, 26.4 percent African American). The study implemented two different techniques to incorporate methodological triangulation to test the mediation model: a three-step regression analysis and a bootstrapping technique in which direct and indirect effects are tested at once. Also, a conditional process analysis was used to test the moderated mediation model. Findings Results supported the hypothesized mediation relationship and showed that lower mean organizational culture scores were significantly associated with lower job satisfaction, and thus, higher intentions to turnover. Additionally, office location moderated the indirect effect of organizational culture on intentions to turnover through job satisfaction. Practical implications Findings highlight the variability in how organizational culture affects employees across the work environment. Interventions, which are subtly tuned to the variation in workplaces, may be the most effective at building strong and positive organizational cultures. Originality/value The current study extends prior empirical work by testing the hypothesis that employee characteristics moderate the mediating effect of organizational culture and job satisfaction on intentions to turnover. Results showed that work location moderated the relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction; organizational culture had a stronger effect on job satisfaction among employees working at the administrative office compared to those in community-based centers. Findings underscore the need for leadership to create a strong culture that permeates all work sectors in order for it to be effective.

scholarly journals Back to the Future: Democratic Responsiveness and the Estimation of Future Public Opinion

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-222
Author(s):  
Eric Merkley ◽  
Andrew Owen
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Policy Responsiveness ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Democratic Responsiveness ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
The Future ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Experimental Findings

Abstract Research on the responsiveness of policy to public opinion has infrequently confronted the possibility that re-election seeking politicians’ policy choices may reflect their expectations about future public opinion. This article reports observational and experimental findings from a survey of senior Canadian policy-makers. Results from vignette-based experiments that manipulate the characteristics of current and estimates of future opinion show that policy-makers are responsive to the estimated direction of future opinion, but this relationship is conditional on high estimated future salience. Survey results shed additional light on the role that estimates of future opinion play in policy-making. Combined, these experimental and observational results suggest existing empirical work on policy responsiveness is incomplete.

Mind the gap – Assessing maturity of demand planning, a cornerstone of S&OP

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1618-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Vereecke ◽  
Karlien Vanderheyden ◽  
Philippe Baecke ◽  
Tom Van Steendam
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Forecast Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Demand Planning ◽  
Maturity Assessment ◽  
Forecasting System

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically validate a model for assessing demand planning maturity in organisations. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed a maturity assessment model for demand planning through iterations of theoretical and empirical work, combining insights from literature and practitioners. An online survey is developed to validate the model using data from different industries. Findings The authors identify six dimensions of demand planning maturity: data management, the use of forecasting methods, the forecasting system, performance management, the organisation and people management. The empirical study indicates that demand data are well managed and organisation readiness is high, yet improvements in the forecasting system and the management of forecast performance are needed. The results show a positive relationship between the size of an organisation and its demand planning maturity. Practical implications The contribution of this work is to propose an assessment model and survey instrument for demand planning maturity. This will help the practitioner to understand the current level of maturity of the demand planning process, reflect on the desired level and develop action plans to close the gap. Originality/value There is broad literature on process maturity assessment in general and on sales and operations planning (S&OP) maturity in particular. However, there is no comprehensive model for assessing the maturity of demand planning, which is a specific and critical process within the overall S&OP process. The authors fill this gap by offering a demand planning maturity model.

Historical Perspectives on Methodology to Detect Listeria monocytogenes

1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine W Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
The U.S

Abstract While recognized as a causative agent of illness in animals and humans for some time, the foodborne role of Listeria monocytogenes is a new and emerging one. This review briefly summarizes the historical developments in methodology used to detect the presence of L. monocytogenes. Although clinical procedures exist, these procedures do not consider isolation of Listeria from heavily contaminated environments. Federal agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the U.S. Department of Agriculture have defined protocols for the isolation of Listeria from dairy and meat products, respectively. Each of these protocols, and current problems common to all methods for the isolation of Listeria from food products, are discussed. Finally, future challenges with respect to improvement in our abilities to recognize, isolate, and rapidly identify Listeria in foods are presented

Vulnerability in in-vitro fertilisation transformative services: an interplay of individual and institutional factors

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichola Robertson ◽  
Yelena Tsarenko ◽  
Michael Jay Polonsky ◽  
Lisa McQuilken
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the factors driving and mitigating the experienced vulnerabilities of women undergoing the transformative service of in-vitro fertilisation (IVF), and how this influences women’s evaluations and intentions. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual framework was tested using quantitative data collected via an online survey of Australian women who have undergone IVF treatment. Hayes’ PROCESS macro was used to analyse the data. Findings The results indicate that women’s persistent goal-striving alongside their perceived personal sacrifices influence the association between their need for parenthood and their experienced vulnerability. Institutional factors such as IVF clinic technical and interpersonal quality influence these consumers’ IVF experience evaluations and word-of-mouth (WoM) intentions. Research limitations/implications This study’s results are limited to women who are undergoing IVF treatment. Further empirical work is needed to deepen the understanding of the role played by partners and other family members in women’s IVF experiences. Practical implications IVF clinics can reduce women’s experienced vulnerability by encouraging women who have a good probability of succeeding to persist in the pursuit of the goal of conceiving a child via IVF. This can be achieved by enabling and empowering them so that they give themselves the best chance during treatment, thus facilitating their control. Managing the expectations of those women with a lower probability of success is also recommended. The importance of the technical and interpersonal quality delivered by IVF clinics in influencing the positive evaluations and behavioural intentions of women experiencing vulnerabilities is further highlighted. Originality/value This study contributes to the transformative service research literature by: examining the IVF transformative experience, which has been largely overlooked; focussing on the intersection of transformative services and consumers experiencing vulnerability, which is an emerging research area; and testing a framework quantitatively that intermingles individual and institutional factors as antecedents and consequences of consumers’ experienced vulnerabilities, advancing the existing conceptual and qualitative work.

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