Belt and Road projects in Tajikistan: Opportunities to strengthen the ties between Pakistan and Tajikistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110646
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mehran Iqbal ◽  
Mehran Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Waqas Nawab
Keyword(s):  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
Further Development

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) projects in Tajikistan are significant due to Tajikistan's geostrategic importance in the region. Tajikistan has channeled its geo-strategic values and established diplomatic and economic relations with regional and extra-regional states. China and Tajikistan's diplomatic relations were started in 1997, which marked another milestone when countries resolved their border disputes bilaterally in 2021. Since China introduced its BRI, its existing diplomatic relations with Tajikistan have changed to close economic ties. Hence, it uplifted the pace of existing economic projects between China and Tajikistan, with the introduction of new projects, some branded as BRI projects, and others are complementing it. In this scenario, China through the BRI provides an opportunity for Pakistan and Tajikistan to enhance and strengthen their economic and diplomatic ties. Both Pakistan and Tajikistan need a great deal of cooperation for further progress of both states in contemporary times. It is important to identify the ongoing process in the region to pinpoint the future policy options for further development. This article analyzes the geostrategic importance of Tajikistan and its relations with regional and extra-regional states. It also focusses on the concluded, ongoing, and planned projects regarding enhancing the geostrategy of the states that are in line with the BRI. Further, it explores the existing Pakistan–Tajikistan relations and new prospects, along with the challenges in future prospects.

It’s All about the Coalition

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-354
Author(s):  
Sovinda Po ◽  
Christopher B. Primiano
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Negative View ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Media ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Strategic Goal

Abstract Since its creation in 2013, China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has received ample attention in the media and from government officials and scholars. Many different, and often polarising, views exist on BRI. While some view it as China’s grand strategic goal of remaking the world in its own image, others perceive it as consistent with the international system. Using interviews conducted in Cambodia and an examination of press sources, this article draws from the selectorate theory to examine both why the Cambodian government is siding with China regarding economic ties, specifically regarding BRI, and the impact that is having on popular perception in Cambodia. The small coalition in Cambodia that Hun Sen seeks to placate results in a negative view among a significant segment of the Cambodian populace regarding Cambodia’s relations with China, and Chinese investments in particular.

India will push back on China’s influence in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
India And China

Subject Chinese and Indian interest in Nepal. Significance China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is dominating Nepal’s agenda. Until a decade ago, Nepal was clearly within India’s sphere of influence. Nepali Prime Minister KP Oli in April made a three-day state visit to Delhi and in June made a six-day state visit to Beijing. Impacts The governing Nepal Communist Party will be at risk of a split, especially during negotiations over a new chair in two years’ time. Campaigning in nearby Bhutan’s elections later this year is likely to be dominated by debate over the country's ties with India and China. India and China may seek mutual easing of trade barriers as part of efforts to improve bilateral economic ties.

Quest for the Middle Kingdom: the Political Effects of China’s Ambitions in the Belt and Road Initiative

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
International System ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is Chinese President Xi Jinping’s brand for economic infrastructure development and investment. The BRI offers significant strategic advantages to the PRC and many benefits to partner countries, and is intended to situate China at the centre of international trade. At the same time, unintended consequences of investment will impact local populations in key areas, including population displacement, environmental degradation, corruption, political upheaval, exploitation and violent conflict. While the BRI offers significant opportunities to both China and its partner countries in the initiative, relative Chinese military weakness, the limits of economic activity, underdeveloped soft power authority, energy dependency, terrorism and domestic politics will all either inhibit the BRI or remain vulnerable aspects of the Chinese national interest as projects move forward. The BRI has the potential to reshape the economic relations of the world, however the strategic limitations of the project do not indicate a short or mid-term upheaval of the international system in favor of China or an end to China’s political challenges at home and abroad. This essay views the realist and constructivist schools of international relations theory as the most useful way to understand the motivations and consequences of the BRI. The long term effects on the global balance of power will also be examined, especially in the context of Xi’s vision for China in 2050.

China's Belt and Road Initiative in Latin America: What has Changed?

2021 ◽  
pp. 186810262110478
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The Belt And Road

When China invited the Latin American countries to participate in the Belt and Road Initiative, it fuelled expectations of a much closer and more productive relationship with the region. In practice, however, there is little evidence that this was happening even before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The article shows that neither the policy statements by China nor the trends in economic relations indicate a substantive change in Sino–Latin American relations and that the Belt and Road Initiative represents a repackaging of existing relations and the continuation of trends that have been underway since the global financial crisis.

CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE: A VIEW FROM A MAHATHIRIST IMAGINARY

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
KHOO BOO TEIK
Keyword(s):  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Chinese Dream ◽  
Trade And Investment

Malaysia’s Mahathir Mohamad stands in a delicate position vis-à-vis China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The BRI’s Silk Road-like scenarios of transcontinental rail links to extend market-facilitated trade and investment have a place within a ‘Mahathirist imaginary’ that opposes inequities in a western-ruled global order and sees hope for the ‘rise of Asia’. In vision he shares the ‘Chinese Dream’ of resurrecting ancient land and maritime trade routes as an ‘imperative of globalization’ despite attempts by others to entangle the BRI in narratives of geopolitics long repugnant to his deep non-aligned convictions. His unprecedented resumption of premiership in May 2018 gave Mahathir a dream-like chance to engage with the BRI but he has been jolted by some Malaysian-China projects contracted in the name of the BRI by the Najib Razak-headed regime (2009–2018). Concerned that those projects could strain Malaysia’s debt burden and undermine its sovereignty Mahathir must balance his support for BRI with undoing some of its local manifestations without jeopardizing long-term Malaysia-China trade, investment and diplomatic relations.

scholarly journals Under the “Belt and Road” initiative, the China and Ukraine governments should assume greater responsibility to promote trade

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Haipeng Zhao ◽  
K. Bliumska-Danko ◽  
Xu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Exchanges ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Purpose: Ukraine is located in Eastern Europe, has a good geographical location, and has good bilateral relations and traditional economic exchanges with China, especially agriculture, high-tech, and existing and ongoing cooperation projects with China. "There are also difficulties in construction: Ukraine's economy has been in a difficult period since independence, its economic structure is very uneven, and its economic relations with Eastern European and CIS countries, as well as Russian economic relations, need to be improved. Ukraine needs to restore its national strength. China's "Belt and Road" initiative and the diplomatic concept of building a community of shared future for mankind have determined that the Chinese government is willing to help Ukraine restore its strength and restore normal political, economic, and diplomatic relations with neighboring countries. It will benefit the people through the improvement of the national economy This article aims to analyze how the two sides can use the "Belt and Road" platform to develop economic relations and strengthen cooperation to achieve mutual benefit results. Methodology: This article uses the literature research method, the combination of analysis and synthesis methods, observation method, investigation method. Originality: Since the Soviet Union, Ukraine has started friendly exchanges with China. After the founding of New China in 1949, Ukraine, as a part of the Soviet Union, made a greater contribution to China establishment of its national steel, machinery, agriculture and other basic industries. After Ukraine's independence, China-Ukraine relations have entered a new stage. China was the first country to recognize Ukraine's independence and established diplomatic relations with it on January 4, 1992. In the past 30 years of Ukraine's independence, the two countries have not had any conflicts of interest and no serious political and economic contradictions. The "Belt and Road" initiative proposed by Xi Jinping in 2013 provided a new platform for bilateral relations and created unprecedented opportunities for the development of bilateral relations. In the "Belt and Road" construction, Ukraine should play a greater role. Practical value: Participating in the "Belt and Road" construction is also a very important opportunity for Ukraine, helping the Chinese people to have a more comprehensive and clearer understanding of Ukraine, and more importantly, it is conducive to the trade between the two countries to bring more Ukrainian enterprises Trade exchanges to drive the economic development of Ukraine. Politically, Ukraine and China have good bilateral relations；On June 20, 2011, the two sides signed the "China-Ukraine Joint Partnership on the Establishment and Development of Strategic Partnerships. Economically, Ukraine and China have complementary economies. Economic exchanges have been established since the Soviet Union. In recent years, the existing and ongoing cooperation between Ukraine and China has continued to develop in high-tech fields such as agriculture, machine manufacturing, and aviation. More and more Ukrainian experts have pointed out that developing relations between Ukraine and China should become a priority direction of Ukraine's current foreign policy. Ukraine has a strong advantage in agriculture, military industry, and manufacturing, especially the engine manufacturing industry, and can develop machine manufacturing; Ukraine can provide transportation for China “Belt and Road” Convenient conditions.

scholarly journals China-Africa Economic Ties: Where Agenda 2063 and Belt and Road Initiative Converged and Diverged?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 1026-1039
Author(s):  
Umar Muhammad Gummi ◽  
Yang Rong ◽  
Asiya Mu’azu ◽  
Chen Ding
Keyword(s):  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
Agenda 2063

scholarly journals Strategic Synergy between Egypt “Vision 2030” and China’s “Belt and Road” Initiative

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Belt And Road

China and Egypt have established diplomatic relations for 62 years. In 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the “Belt and Road” Initiative (BRI) and welcomed countries along the routes to take part in co-operations in the framework of the BRI. And in 2014, Egyptian new-elected President Sisi visited China and both sides improved the bilateral relationship to the comprehensive strategic partnership. Then in 2016, Egyptian President Sisi launched a new national development strategy named “Egypt Vision 2030”. Therefore China and Egypt want to look for suitable areas to cooperate according to these two plans. In this case, this paper analyzes the implementation of the strategic synergy between the BRI and “Egypt Vision 2030”, including the introduction to the “Egypt Vision 2030”, the mutual cognition of the developmental strategies of China and Egypt, the outcomes achieved and the risks faced by the synergy between the strategies of these two countries, and then considers that both China and Egypt welcome and support each other’s developmental strategy. At present, the synergy between the two countries’ strategies has made significant achievements under the frequent promotion of top leaders, but there are also political, economic and security risks in the process of strategic synergy, which still hinder thesynergy.

scholarly journals Kazakhstan-Thailand Relations: Past Ties and Future Prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Paradorn Rangsimaporn
Keyword(s):  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Economic Influence ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Political Economic

The article examines relations between Kazakhstan and Thailand. It looks at their political, economic and socio-cultural relations as well as their cooperation within multilateral fora so far. It then examines the prospects for future cooperation and puts forward the view that relations are likely to be enhanced due to increasing interest in each other. Kazakhstan’s central role in China’s Belt and Road Initiative has attracted Thailand’s greater attention, while Kazakhstan seeks to enhance relations with Thailand, as well as other ASEAN countries, to bring greater balance in its relations and provide some counterweight to increasing Chinese economic influence.

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