Ethics Review and the Minority Ethnographer

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Tapia ◽  
Rubén O. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Public University ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Risk Research ◽  
Regulatory Landscape

This article examines some of the implications of the current human subjects regulatory landscape for conducting “high-risk” ethnographic research. We synthesize a classical Weberian framework with recent sociological literature on bureaucratic hybridization to theorize on this aspect of the academy. This perspective frames an autoethnographic case study on administrative dynamics at a large, public university to illustrate how certain racialized biases can hinder a research agenda. Broader issues in the current institutional review board (IRB) reform process contextualize this study on the potential for the invalidation of certain forms of criminological ethnography by pretenured minority scholars. To the extent that such experiences are common among untenured minority ethnographers, this article addresses racialized bias at the institutional, ideological, and individual levels. These forces can stratify even the most egalitarian of institutions along race–ethnic lines, impacting the production and legitimation of knowledge. We make recommendations to young academics engaging in high-risk research with human subjects and call for a more systematic investigation of researchers’ experiences with the IRB.

scholarly journals Virtual Worlds, the IRB and a User's Bill of Rights

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Preliminary Version

Virtual worlds provide a vibrant and exciting new venue for the conduct of social research. New social phenomena have emerged in the context of these worlds as individuals and groups use the worlds’ social communication tools to overcome limitations of time and distance. Yet these worlds also pose some novel ethical problems for social researchers who wish to conduct their work in these contexts. The present paper discusses ethical dimensions of research in virtual worlds in order to uncover some of these novel problems. The paper reports and analyzes a case study in which the author participated in a virtual world research study. The paper discusses a preliminary version of a virtual world subject’s bill of rights that can serve as the basis for further discussion among social researchers. The paper concludes with recommendations for virtual worlds researchers on strategies for working with their institutional review boards (human subjects ethics review) to obtain approval for their research proposals.

scholarly journals Social and Behavioral Research with Undocumented Immigrants: Navigating an IRB Committee

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Jach ◽  
Gene Gloeckner ◽  
Colleen Kohashi
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Undocumented Students ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Federal Regulations ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Human Subjects Research ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The U.S

When conducting human subjects research, social and behavioral researchers seeking to study current issues involving immigrants, refugees, and undocumented students must submit their research to an institutional review board (IRB). Research applications proposing to enroll these populations lie outside the scope of vulnerable populations named in the U.S. Code for Federal Regulations (45 CFR 46). Through a consideration of privacy, confidentiality, flexibility in providing protections, and case study examples, this article examines how researchers and IRBs can negotiate protecting participants who may be undocumented while supporting the advancement of research in the midst of the current, and uncertain, political climate.

Ayurvedic management of Leukoplakia - A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makadia Krishna ◽  
Ronakgiri V. Gosai ◽  
Virpariya Jignesh ◽  
Chabhadiya Nilesh ◽  
Katrodiya Jayesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Burning Sensation ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Premalignant Lesion ◽  
Allopathic Medicine ◽  
Floor Of The Mouth

Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a premalignant lesion described as “a predominant white lesion of the oral mucosa which cannot be defined as any other known lesion”. OL located on the floor of the mouth, soft palate and tongue are considered as high-risk lesions, while, in other areas, they may be considered as of low malignancy risk. A Forty five years old male patient had complaints of white lesion on left lat. Surface of tongue, along with burning sensation since 4-5 months. He was diagnosed with Leukoplakia and he had taken allopathic medicine for 4 to 5 times, but it was inversely relapsed, so he was treated with Pratisarana of Bibhitaka Churna and Rasayana Churna, Yastimadhu Ghanavati as lozenges along with Rasayana tablets orally for a period of 6 months. After 6 month therapy, white lesion became disappear and no burning sensation. Thus this patient was successfully treated with above therapy with no recurrence or any complications till date.

Catching an Atom Spy: MI5 and the Investigation of Klaus Fuchs

2010 ◽  
pp. 554-567
Author(s):  
Timothy Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Klaus Fuchs ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Successful Approach ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Atomic Espionage ◽  
Signals Intelligence

This article focuses on M15 organization and Klaus Fuchs, a German-born physicist and Soviet “Atom Spy” who was arrested in 1950 and served fourteen years for offences related to atomic espionage. It examines how Fuchs was identified as an “Atom Spy” in 1949 and describes the MI5's investigation, which ended in the early 1950 with the successful arrest, prosecution, and imprisonment of this highly significant Cold War figure. Key issues discussed in this article include the difficulties encountered by MI5 and the budding British atomic program in the sphere of security. It also discusses the role of Signals intelligence (SIGINT) in the investigation of Fuchs, and the high-risk but ultimately successful approach taken by MI5's key interrogator, William Skardon. This case study highlights both the unparalleled level of international intelligence cooperation between the British agencies and their American counterparts, which made the resolution of this case possible, and some of the frailties in the Anglo-American alliance that were brought to the fore by the exposure of Fuchs as an Atom Spy.

Tax Amnesties in Tax Reform Policy: A Case Study from Pakistan and Lessons for Developing Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-71
Author(s):  
Bahawal Shahryar
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Reform Policy ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
Targeted Enforcement ◽  
Underground Economies

Abstract An optimally designed tax amnesty scheme can serve as a strategic component in a larger tax reform process. Such a reform can particularly assist in the tax collection efforts of developing economies like Pakistan. Pakistan’s tax amnesty schemes in 2018 and 2019 helped grow the tax base substantially. India’s and Indonesia’s schemes in 2016 also showed promise. My study compares the recent tax amnesties adopted by these three countries (Pakistan, India and Indonesia). Based on these experiences, I propose improvements in the composition of Pakistan’s tax amnesty design. An optimal tax policy cannot rely only on wide-spread enforcement, particularly in countries with large underground economies--like Pakistan, India and Indonesia. Instead, it should focus more on the optimal amnesty design alongside targeted enforcement efforts, aimed especially at documenting and taxing large underground economic activities.

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