scholarly journals Preferred Gait Characteristics in Young Adults in Qatar: Physiological, Perceptual, and Spatiotemporal Analysis

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402094572
Author(s):  
Lina Majed ◽  
Clint Hansen ◽  
Olivier Girard
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Support Phase

Preferred walking speed (PWS) is considered a robust measure for assessing mobility and overall health. Healthy reference data are unavailable for Qatar. The aim of this study was to investigate PWS and underlying gait parameters around PWS among healthy young adults living in Qatar. PWS was assessed for 18 Qataris (9 females) and 16 non-Qatari Arabs residing in Qatar (9 females). Within- and between-gender group comparisons were carried out using Mann–Whitney U-tests. Metabolic cost of transport, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and spatiotemporal parameters were compared between Qatari and non-Qatari groups of similar gender at seven speed levels relative to PWS using two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Similar comparisons were done at two absolute speeds using Mann–Whitney U-tests. While PWS did not differ significantly between the female groups, it was on average 19% slower for the Qatari males as compared to non-Qatari males. At similar relative speeds, differences appeared solely in physiological parameters between female groups. Only spatiotemporal differences were revealed between the male groups where longer stride and support phase durations and slower stride frequencies characterized the Qatari male group. It is suggested that differences in PWS could be due to potential cultural factors (e.g., cultural clothing) differentiating the Qatari and non-Qatari groups. PWS values reported in this study also appear systematically lower when compared to Western references found in the literature. Findings suggest that the assessment of normative gait values needs to take both cultural habits and geographic disparity into account.

scholarly journals Does Metabolic Rate Increase Linearly with Running Speed in all Distance Runners?

2017 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. E1-E8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Batliner ◽  
Shalaya Kipp ◽  
Alena Grabowski ◽  
Rodger Kram ◽  
William Byrnes
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Distance Running Performance ◽  
Elite Runners

AbstractRunning economy (oxygen uptake or metabolic rate for running at a submaximal speed) is one of the key determinants of distance running performance. Previous studies reported linear relationships between oxygen uptake or metabolic rate and speed, and an invariant cost of transport across speed. We quantified oxygen uptake, metabolic rate, and cost of transport in 10 average and 10 sub-elite runners. We increased treadmill speed by 0.45 m·s−1 from 1.78 m·s−1 (day 1) and 2.01 m·s−1 (day 2) during each subsequent 4-min stage until reaching a speed that elicited a rating of perceived exertion of 15. Average runners’ oxygen uptake and metabolic rate vs. speed relationships were best described by linear fits. In contrast, the sub-elite runners’ relationships were best described by increasing curvilinear fits. For the sub-elites, oxygen cost of transport and energy cost of transport increased by 12.8% and 9.6%, respectively, from 3.58 to 5.14 m·s−1. Our results indicate that it is not possible to accurately predict metabolic rates at race pace for sub-elite competitive runners from data collected at moderate submaximal running speeds (2.68–3.58 m·s−1). To do so, metabolic rate should be measured at speeds that approach competitive race pace and curvilinear fits should be used for extrapolation to race pace.

Does the musical tempo enhance physical performance?

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573562090477
Author(s):  
Jorge A Aburto-Corona ◽  
J A de Paz ◽  
José Moncada-Jiménez ◽  
Bryan Montero-Herrera ◽  
Luis M Gómez-Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Musical Tempo

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the musical tempo on heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and distance run (DR) during a treadmill aerobic test in young male and female adults. Participants ran on the treadmill listening to music at 140 beats per minute (bpm; M140), 120 bpm (M120), or without music (NM). No significant sex differences were found on HR (M140 = 172.6 ± 12.7, M120 = 171.9 ± 11.1, NM = 170.1 ± 12.2 bpm, p = .312), RPE (M140 = 7.5 ± 1.4, M120 = 7.6 ± 1.3, NM = 7.6 ± 1.2, p = .931), or DR (M140 = 4,791.4 ± 2,681.1, M120 = 4,900.0 ± 2,916.9, NM = 4,356.1 ± 2,571.2 m, p = .715). Differences were found in the effect of tempo on HR between condition M140 and NM (172.6 ± 12.7 vs. 170.1 ± 12.2 bpm, p = .044, η2 = 0.32). In conclusion, musical tempo does not affect performance, physiological, or perceptual variables in young adults exercising on a treadmill at a constant speed.

scholarly journals Persons post-stroke improve step length symmetry by walking asymmetrically

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnima Padmanabhan ◽  
Keerthana Sreekanth ◽  
Shivam Gulhar ◽  
Kendra M. Cherry-Allen ◽  
Kristan A. Leech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Paretic Limb ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
The Many

Abstract Background Restoration of step length symmetry is a common rehabilitation goal after stroke. Persons post-stroke often retain the ability to walk with symmetric step lengths ("symmetric steps") at an elevated metabolic cost relative to healthy adults. Two key questions with direct implications for rehabilitation have emerged: 1) how do persons post-stroke generate symmetric steps, and 2) why do symmetric steps remain so effortful? Here, we aimed to understand how persons post-stroke generate symmetric steps and explored how the resulting gait pattern may relate to the metabolic cost of transport. Methods We recorded kinematic, kinetic, and metabolic data as nine persons post-stroke walked on an instrumented treadmill under two conditions: preferred walking and symmetric stepping (using visual feedback). Results Gait kinematics and kinetics remained markedly asymmetric even when persons post-stroke improved step length symmetry. Impaired paretic propulsion and abnormal movement of the center of mass were evident during both preferred walking and symmetric stepping. These deficits contributed to diminished positive work performed by the paretic limb on the center of mass in both conditions. Within each condition, decreased positive paretic work correlated with increased metabolic cost of transport and decreased walking speed across participants. Conclusions It is critical to consider the mechanics used to restore symmetric steps when designing interventions to improve walking after stroke. Future research should consider the many dimensions of asymmetry in post-stroke gait, and additional within-participant manipulations of gait parameters are needed to improve our understanding of the elevated metabolic cost of walking after stroke.

scholarly journals Biomechanical and metabolic responses to Nordic Walking training in elderly, a randomized clinical trial (preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Andrea Gomeñuka ◽  
Henrique Bianchi Oliveira ◽  
Edson Soares da silva ◽  
Elren Passos Monteiro ◽  
Rodrigo Gomes da Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Nordic Walking ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Walking Group

Nordic walking has been shown as an attractive method of aerobic training. Nevertheless, the biomechanical response due to the additional contribution of using poles in relation to free walking training has been less explored in the elderly. This randomized parallel controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of eight-weeks of Nordic walking and free walking training on the cost of transport, the rating of perceived exertion, mechanical work, and muscular engagement in elderly. Thirty-three sedentary elderly were randomized into Nordic walking (n=16) and free walking group (n=17) with equal volume and intensity. Submaximal walking tests were performed from 1 to 5 km.h-1 on the treadmill. The cost of transport decreased after training in both groups (x2 4.91, p = 0.014), while the electromyographic activation in lower and upper limbs, pendular recovery, total, external and internal mechanical work remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Also, both groups increased the optimal walking speed by approximately 0.5 km.h-1 changing the speed-cost profile. The internal mechanical work to move arms was greater in the Nordic walking group than in the free walking group after training. The most economical walking stems in part from the reduced co-contraction in shoulder muscles in both groups. The higher upper limb-swing energy after eight weeks using poles deserves further analysis. In conclusion, in elderly people, Nordic walking effectively decreases the cost of transport, improve walking functionality, and maintain gait mechanics, similarly to free walking training.Trial registration: ClinicalTrails.gov NCT03096964.

Metabolic Cost and Speech Quality While Using an Active Workstation

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Howard Cox ◽  
Jared Guth ◽  
Leah Siekemeyer ◽  
Brianna Kellems ◽  
Susan Baker Brehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Speech Quality ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Work Setting ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference

Background:The effect of active workstation implementation on speech quality in a typical work setting remains unclear.Purpose:To assess differences between sitting, standing, and walking on energy expenditure and speech quality.Methods:Twenty-two females and 9 males read silently, read aloud, and spoke spontaneously during 3 postural conditions: sitting, standing, and walking at 1.61 km/h. Oxygen consumption (VO2), blood pressure, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were obtained during each condition. Expert listeners, blinded to the purpose of the study and the protocol, assessed randomized samples of the participants’ speech during reading and spontaneous speech tasks in 3 postural conditions.Results:Standing elevated metabolic rate significantly over sitting (3.3 ± 0.7 vs. 3.6 ± 0.9 ml·kg−1·min−1). Walking at 1.6 km/h while performing the respective tasks resulted in VO2 values of 7.0 to 8.1 ml·kg−1·min−1. There was no significant difference in the average number of syllables included in each speech sample across the conditions. The occurrence of ungrammatical pauses was minimal and did not differ across the conditions.Conclusion:The significant elevation of metabolic rate in the absence of any deterioration in speech quality or RPE support the utility of using active work stations to increase physical activity (PA) in the work environment.

scholarly journals Quantifying Cause-Effect Relations Between Walking Speed, Propulsive Force, and Metabolic Cost

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Pimentel ◽  
Jordan N Feldman ◽  
Michael D Lewek ◽  
Jason R Franz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Propulsive Force ◽  
Metabolic Power ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Variance Explained

Walking speed is a useful surrogate for health status across the population. Walking speed appears to be governed in part by propulsive force (FP) generated during push-off and simultaneously optimized to minimize metabolic cost. However, no study to our knowledge has established empirical cause-effect relations between FP, walking speed, and metabolic cost, even in young adults. To overcome the potential linkage between these factors, we used a self-paced treadmill controller and real-time biofeedback to independently prescribe walking speed or FP across a range of condition intensities. Walking with larger and smaller FP led to instinctively faster and slower walking speeds, respectively, with about 80% of variance explained between those outcomes. We also found that comparable changes in either FP or walking speed elicited predictable and relatively uniform changes in metabolic cost, each explaining about ~53% of the variance in net metabolic power and ~15% of the variance in cost of transport, respectively. These findings build confidence that interventions designed to increase FP will translate to improved walking speed. Repeating this protocol in other populations may identify additional cause-effect relations that could inform the time course of gait decline due to age and disease.

scholarly journals Persons post-stroke improve step length symmetry by walking asymmetrically

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnima Padmanabhan ◽  
Keerthana Sreekanth ◽  
Shivam Gulhar ◽  
Kendra M. Cherry-Allen ◽  
Kristan A. Leech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Paretic Limb ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
The Many

Abstract Background Restoration of step length symmetry is a common rehabilitation goal after stroke. Persons post-stroke often retain the ability to walk with symmetric step lengths ("symmetric steps"); however, the resulting walking pattern remains effortful. Two key questions with direct implications for rehabilitation have emerged: 1) how do persons post-stroke generate symmetric steps, and 2) why do symmetric steps remain so effortful? Here, we aimed to understand how persons post-stroke generate symmetric steps and explored how the resulting gait pattern may relate to the metabolic cost of transport. Methods We recorded kinematic, kinetic, and metabolic data as nine persons post-stroke walked on an instrumented treadmill under two conditions: preferred walking and symmetric stepping (using visual feedback). Results Gait kinematics and kinetics remained markedly asymmetric even when persons post-stroke improved step length symmetry. Impaired paretic propulsion and aberrant movement of the center of mass were evident during both preferred walking and symmetric stepping. These deficits contributed to diminished positive work performed by the paretic limb on the center of mass in both conditions. Within each condition, decreased positive paretic work correlated with increased metabolic cost of transport and decreased walking speed across participants. Conclusions It is critical to consider the mechanics used to restore symmetric steps when designing interventions to improve walking after stroke. Future research should consider the many dimensions of asymmetry in post-stroke gait, and additional within-participant manipulations of gait parameters are needed to improve our understanding of the elevated metabolic cost of walking after stroke.

scholarly journals Changes in Gait Parameters and Gait Variability in Young Adults during a Cognitive Task While Slope and Flat Walking

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ga Young Park ◽  
Sang Seok Yeo ◽  
Young Chan Kwon ◽  
Hyeong Seok Song ◽  
Yu Jin Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Gait Variability ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Young Subjects

This study investigates the effects of a cognitive task while walking on a slope or a flat surface on gait parameters and gait variability in young adults. The participants consisted of thirty healthy young subjects. They were instructed to walk on a slope or on a flat surface while performing or not performing a cognitive task, which involved speaking a four-syllable word in reverse. A wearable inertia measurement unit (IMU) system was used to measure spatiotemporal parameters and gait variability. Flat gait (FG) while performing the cognitive task (FGC) and uphill gait (UG) while performing the cognitive task (UGC) significantly altered stride times, gait speeds, and cadence as compared with FG and UG, respectively. Downhill gait (DG) while performing the cognitive task (DGC) caused no significant difference as compared with DG. Gait variability comparisons showed no significant difference between UGC and UG or between FGC and FG, respectively. On the other hand, variabilities of stride times and gait speeds were significantly greater for DGC than DG. FGC and UGC induce natural changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters that enable the cognitive task to be performed safely. DGC should be regarded as high complexity tasks involving greater gait variability to reduce fall risk.

scholarly journals Running Stride Length And Rate Are Changed And Mechanical Efficiency Is Preserved After Cycling In Middle-Level Triathletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Gomes da Rosa ◽  
Henrique Bianchi de Oliveira ◽  
Luca Paolo Ardigò ◽  
Natalia Andrea Gomeñuka ◽  
Gabriela Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
The Cost

AbstractAlthough cycling impairs the subsequent metabolic cost and performance of running in some triathletes, the consequences on mechanical efficiency (Eff) and kinetic and potential energy fluctuations of the body center of mass are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of previous cycling on the cost-of-transport, Eff, mechanical energy fluctuations (Wtot), spring stiffness (Kleg and Kvert) and spatiotemporal parameters. Fourteen middle-level triathletes (mean ± SD: maximal oxygen uptake, $$\dot{{\rm{V}}}$$V̇O2max = 65.3 ± 2.7 ml.kg−1.min−1, age = 30 ± 5 years, practice time = 6.8 ± 3.0 years) performed four tests. Two maximal oxygen uptake tests on a cycle ergometer and treadmill, and two submaximal 20-minute running tests (14 km.h−1) with (prior-cycling) and without (control) a previous submaximal 30-minute cycling test. No differences were observed between the control and post-cycling groups in Eff or Wtot. The Eff remains unchanged between conditions. On the other hand, the Kvert (20.2 vs 24.4 kN.m−1) and Kleg (7.1 vs 8.2 kN.m−1, p < 0.05) were lower and the cost-of-transport was higher (p = 0.018, 3.71 vs 3.31 J.kg−1.m−1) when running was preceded by cycling. Significantly higher stride frequency (p < 0.05, 1.46 vs 1.43 Hz) and lower stride length (p < 0.05, 2.60 vs 2.65 m) were observed in the running after cycling condition in comparison with control condition. Mechanical adjustments were needed to maintain the Eff, even resulting in an impaired metabolic cost after cycling performed at moderate intensity. These findings are compatible with the concept that specific adjustments in spatiotemporal parameters preserve the Eff when running is preceded by cycling in middle-level triathletes, though the cost-of-transport increased.

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