scholarly journals Is There a Digital Divide Between Urban Students and Migrant Students in China?

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110163
Author(s):  
Baizhang Zhong ◽  
Fenghui Zhu ◽  
Liying Xia
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Urban Students ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Migrant Students ◽  
Rural Migrant ◽  
Urban Public Schools ◽  
Rural Migrant Workers

The digital divide is an important issue that has been addressed in the world for several decades. However, little attention has been paid to the special population that emerged in cities of developing countries: rural migrant workers. Previous studies have shown that family background is a potential determinant of digital inequality among schoolchildren. The study aims to explore whether the disadvantaged conditions of rural migrant workers have an impact on their children (i.e., migrant students). A questionnaire survey and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were conducted to examine the digital divide in information and communication technology (ICT) access, ICT usage, and ICT skill between urban and migrant students. We draw upon 1,230 fifth and eighth grade students from six urban public schools in China. Results indicate that all the indicators of the digital divide are statistically non-significant between the two groups, and the predictor of parental education level is invalid to an extent. Additional analyses suggest that providing equal opportunities like Chinese government for disadvantaged migrant students to enroll in urban public schools would reduce the digital divide between migrant students and urban students.

The Plight of Rural Migrant Workers in Urban China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongwei Chu ◽  
James W. Gentry ◽  
Jie Fowler Gao ◽  
Xin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Rural Migrant ◽  
Rural Migrant Workers

The Dilemma of Care: A Theory and Praxis of Citizenship-Based Care for China's Rural Migrant Youth

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Yiu
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Migrant Students ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Rural Migrant ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
Children's Schooling ◽  
The Way

In this article, Lisa Yiu examines how migrant students attending public schools in Shanghai perceive teachers as uncaring and how the majority of teachers claim they are disempowered from caring. She contends that recent Shanghai reforms, which aim to “care” for migrant youth through inclusion into public schools, may be having the opposite effect, arguing that the nature of contact between educators and migrant youth is structured by conflicting state policies on citizenship, which constrain teachers from caring in the way migrant students desire. Yiu's findings problematize recent scholarship on migrant children's schooling which presumes that the dynamics of exclusion are primarily rooted in teacher prejudices. Importantly, this study advances caring theory by reconceptualizing care within the institutional context of the state's citizenship policies and contributes to a citizenship-based care praxis that is relevant to Chinese migrant youth who attend public schools.

scholarly journals The Challenges of Representing Rural Migrant Workers in China: Factors Influencing the Goals and Strategies of Labour NGOs in Beijing, Tianjin and Yunnan Province

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rural Migrant ◽  
Rural Migrant Workers

<p>Labour NGOs operating in mainland China have played the role of de facto representatives of rural migrant workers since their emergence in the 1990s. After their rapid development for almost two decades, the introduction of the Overseas NGOs Management Law in 2017 restricted all foreign sponsors of labour NGOs, which were their main funding source. This has greatly influenced their goals and strategic choices when representing migrant workers. However, due to increased political sensitivity, few studies have explored the current challenges they face since the law was implemented. This study identifies both the pre-2017 and post-2017 goals and strategies of labour NGOs operating in Beijing, Tianjin and Yunnan Province. It also analyses six factors affecting the NGOs’ goals and strategic choices after 2017. A case study research method is used to draw on 15 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the founders, managers and staff working in 10 different labour NGOs in the three regions. The research results challenge the applicability of four main social movement theories learnt from the west – Resource Mobilisation (RM), Political Opportunity (PO), Transnational Advocacy Networks (TAN) and Stakeholder theory – to explain Chinese grassroots labour movements conducted by labour NGOs. The results also show that labour NGOs are experiencing a significant decline after the introduction of the Overseas NGOs Management Law, but have not withdrawn from the historical stage. Many NGOs are adjusting their goals and strategies to adapt to the changed political climate and survive. Finally, this study advocates the development of a new social movement theory which could accurately guide grassroots labour movements in the context of China.</p>

scholarly journals China's Rural Migrant Workers, the State, and Labor Politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Chan ◽  
Mark Selden
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Politics ◽  
Rural Migrant ◽  
Industrial Labor ◽  
Class Power ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rural Migrant Workers

The proletarianization of rural migrants is distinctive to contemporary China's development model, in which the state has fostered the growth of a “semi-proletariat” numbering more than 200 million to fuel labor-intensive industries and urbanization. Drawing on fieldwork in Guangdong and Sichuan provinces between 2010 and 2014, supplemented with scholarly studies and government surveys, the authors analyze the precarity and the individual and collective struggles of a new generation of rural migrant workers. They present an analysis of high and growing levels of labor conflict at a time when the previous domination of state enterprises has given way to the predominance of migrant workers as the core of an expanding industrial labor force. In particular, the authors assess the significance of the growing number of legal and extra-legal actions taken by workers within a framework that highlights the deep contradictions among labor, capital, and the Chinese state. They also discuss the impact of demographic changes and geographic shifts of population and production on the growth of working-class power in the workplace and the marketplace.

scholarly journals The Role of Job Embeddedness in “New Generation of Rural Migrant Workers” Turnover Intention in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
Tang Meirun ◽  
Jennie SooHooiSin ◽  
Chuah Chin Wei
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Rural Migrant ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Rural Migrant Workers

The high voluntary turnover rates of “new generation of rural migrant workers” have been widely concerned in China. One important reason is their rural identity. The distinctive social identity has caused new generation of rural migrant workers face social identity discrimination, which further hinder the integration of values and goals between the individuals and the organizations. The values and goals gap between individuals and organizations further impact on new generation of rural migrant workers’ organizational identification, which reduce their organization embeddedness and increase turnover intention. Thus, this study seeks to explore the linkage between organization identification and turnover intention, which is mediated by organizational embeddedness. Additionally, this study also proposes the moderating effect of community embeddedness on the correlation between organization embeddedness and turnover intention. A quantitative with a survey method is proposed for this study. Data will be collected in manufacturing setting in Guizhou province of China. Multi-level sampling technique will be applied to determine the sample size.

Towards Meritocratic Apartheid? Points Systems and Migrant Access to China's Urban Public Schools

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Yi Wan ◽  
Edward Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Urban Districts ◽  
Recent Introduction ◽  
Rural Migrant ◽  
Urban Public Schools

Abstract This paper analyses rural migrant children's access to public schools in urban China, focusing on the implications of the recent introduction of points systems for apportioning school places. This approach, first piloted by Zhongshan city in Guangdong province from 2009, has steadily been extended nationwide. Here, we analyse the reasons for its spread and for divergence in its implementation in various urban districts. Notwithstanding rhetorical claims that points systems promote “fairness” or “equality” in the treatment of migrants, our analysis suggests that they maintain or even exacerbate the stratification of urban society, lending new legitimation to the hierarchical differentiation of entitlements. This is consistent with the aim of the 2014 “New national urbanization plan” to divert urban growth from megacities towards smaller cities. However, we argue that the use of points systems should also be seen in the context of an evolving bureaucratic-ideological project aimed at more rigorously monitoring and assessing China's entire population, invoking the logic of meritocracy for the purpose of control.

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