scholarly journals Blunted Reward Processing in Remitted Melancholic Depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Weinberg ◽  
Stewart A. Shankman
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Melancholic Depression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Monetary Gain

Blunted reward response appears to be a trait-like marker of vulnerability for major depressive disorder (MDD). As such, it should be present in remitted individuals; however, depression is a heterogeneous syndrome. Reward-related impairments may be more pronounced in individuals with melancholic depression. The present study examined neural responses to rewards in remitted melancholic depression (rMD; n = 29), remitted nonmelancholic depression (rNMD; n = 56), and healthy controls (HC; n = 81). Event-related potentials to monetary gain and loss were recorded during a simple gambling paradigm. Relative to both the HC and the rNMD groups, who did not differ from one another, rMD was characterized by a blunted response to rewards. Moreover, the rMD and rNMD groups did not differ in course or severity of their past illnesses, or current depressive symptoms or functioning. Results suggest that blunted response to rewards may be a viable vulnerability marker for melancholic depression.

scholarly journals Electroencephalographic Parameters Differentiating Melancholic Depression, Non-melancholic Depression, and Healthy Controls. A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Fussing Bruun ◽  
Caroline Juhl Arnbjerg ◽  
Lars Vedel Kessing
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Melancholic Depression ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: The objective of this systematic review was to investigate whether electroencephalographic parameters can serve as a tool to distinguish between melancholic depression, non-melancholic depression, and healthy controls in adults.Methods: A systematic review comprising an extensive literature search conducted in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO in August 2020 with monthly updates until November 1st, 2020. In addition, we performed a citation search and scanned reference lists. Clinical trials that performed an EEG-based examination on an adult patient group diagnosed with melancholic unipolar depression and compared with a control group of non-melancholic unipolar depression and/or healthy controls were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed by the Strengthening of Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist.Results: A total of 24 studies, all case-control design, met the inclusion criteria and could be divided into three subgroups: Resting state studies (n = 5), sleep EEG studies (n = 10), and event-related potentials (ERP) studies (n = 9). Within each subgroup, studies were characterized by marked variability on almost all levels, preventing pooling of data, and many studies were subject to weighty methodological problems. However, the main part of the studies identified one or several EEG parameters that differentiated the groups.Conclusions: Multiple EEG modalities showed an ability to distinguish melancholic patients from non-melancholic patients and/or healthy controls. The considerable heterogeneity across studies and the frequent methodological difficulties at the individual study level were the main limitations to this work. Also, the underlying premise of shifting diagnostic paradigms may have resulted in an inhomogeneous patient population.Systematic Review Registration: Registered in the PROSPERO registry on August 8th, 2020, registration number CRD42020197472.

Long-term disability in major depressive disorder: a 6-year follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1644-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorana C. Iancu ◽  
Yak Mee Wong ◽  
Didi Rhebergen ◽  
Anton J. L. M. van Balkom ◽  
Neeltje M. Batelaan
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Chronic Disability ◽  
Symptom Remission ◽  
Symptomatic Remission

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) represents a leading cause of disability. This study examines the course of disability in patients with chronic, recurrent and remitting MDD compared to healthy controls and identifies predictors of disability in remitting MDD.MethodsWe included 914 participants from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). DSM-IV MDD and WHO DAS II disability were assessed at baseline and at 2, 4 and 6 years. Six-year total and domain-specific disability were analysed and compared in participants with chronic (n = 57), recurrent (n = 120), remitting (n = 127) MDD and in healthy controls (n = 430). Predictors of residual disability were identified using linear regression analysis.ResultsAt baseline, most disability was found in chronic MDD, followed by recurrent MDD, remitting MDD and healthy controls. Across diagnostic groups, most disability was found in household activities, interpersonal functioning, participation in society and cognition. A chronic course was associated with chronic disability. Symptom remission was associated with a decrease in disability, but some disability remained. In remitting MDD, higher residual disability was predicted by older age, more severe avoidance symptoms, higher disability at baseline and late symptom remission. Severity of residual disability correlated with the severity of residual depressive symptoms.ConclusionsSymptomatic remission is a prerequisite for improvements in disability. However, disability persists despite symptom remission. Therefore, treatment of MDD should include an explicit focus on disability, especially on the more complex domains. To this end, treatments should promote behavioural activation and address subthreshold depressive symptoms in patients with remitted MDD.

The effect of erroneous responses on response monitoring in patients with major depressive disorder: A study with event-related potentials

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ruchsow ◽  
Barbel Herrnberger ◽  
Christiane Wiesend ◽  
Georg Gron ◽  
Manfred Spitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Related Potentials

Error processing in major depressive disorder: Evidence from event-related potentials

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ruchsow ◽  
Bärbel Herrnberger ◽  
Petra Beschoner ◽  
Georg Grön ◽  
Manfred Spitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Temporal discounting in major depressive disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1825-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pulcu ◽  
P. D. Trotter ◽  
E. J. Thomas ◽  
M. McFarquhar ◽  
G. Juhasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Temporal Discounting ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Investment Planning ◽  
Major Depressive

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with abnormalities in financial reward processing. Previous research suggests that patients with MDD show reduced sensitivity to frequency of financial rewards. However, there is a lack of conclusive evidence from studies investigating the evaluation of financial rewards over time, an important aspect of reward processing that influences the way people plan long-term investments. Beck's cognitive model posits that patients with MDD hold a negative view of the future that may influence the amount of resources patients are willing to invest into their future selves.MethodWe administered a delay discounting task to 82 participants: 29 healthy controls, 29 unmedicated participants with fully remitted MDD (rMDD) and 24 participants with current MDD (11 on medication).ResultsPatients with current MDD, relative to remitted patients and healthy subjects, discounted large-sized future rewards at a significantly higher rate and were insensitive to changes in reward size from medium to large. There was a main effect of clinical group on discounting rates for large-sized rewards, and discounting rates for large-sized rewards correlated with severity of depressive symptoms, particularly hopelessness.ConclusionsHigher discounting of delayed rewards in MDD seems to be state dependent and may be a reflection of depressive symptoms, specifically hopelessness. Discounting distant rewards at a higher rate means that patients are more likely to choose immediate financial options. Such impairments related to long-term investment planning may be important for understanding value-based decision making in MDD, and contribute to ongoing functional impairment.

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