Does the Net Present Value as a Financial Metric Fit Investment in Green Energy Security?

Surprisingly, little is known whether the net present value (NPV) used as a financial metric in budgeting and investment planning to analyse a projects’ profitability is universal. Meanwhile, the epochal green energy revolution ensuring carbon neutrality through green innovations requires enormous investments, and projects realised must ensure energy security. Therefore, there is a need to reanalyse financial metrics used in financial planning, including NPV. We eliminate this research gap and, based on data from Poland, Romania, Hungary, Croatia, the USA, the United Kingdom, Japan, Israel, and Euro Zone, explain why one may not perceive the currently used NPV formula as a universal financial metric. We show that the variable discount rate influences the time value of money. Therefore, there is a need to redefine the NPV formula. This study makes two main contributions. First, it creates new ground by revisiting the NPV formula in the emerging market context compared to stable economies and contributes to developing business and management theory. Second, we propose and empirically verify the modified NPV formula as a financial metric that considers the situation of energy firms in emerging markets. Thus, this research helps the capital budgeting process, and the modified NPV formula can help provide optimal outcomes in firms, helping to reduce financial risks. Our study contributes to a further contextual diagnosis of business projects and can, in turn, be relevant for other energy sector analyses.

Green Meeting Implementation at The Apurva Kempinski Bali

This study aims to maximize the implementation of two aspects, namely the Green Meeting Concept with Green MICE Business. The study uses qualitative descriptive analysis techniques by exploring the explanation of the green economy concept, things that affect the green economy, the benefits of green MICE Business and supporting government policies. As to overcome this problem, the event organizers should limit the number of waste used in an event. Therefore, it is important that event handlers practice environmental protection during organizing an event. Evaluating environmental impacts from both positive and negative perspectives provides a better understanding of the proper use of natural resources. Perform calculations for investment planning to support the green MICE movement as part of supporting a green economy.

DESIGNING GIS-BASED SITE SELECTION MODEL FOR URBAN INVESTMENT PLANNING IN SMART CITIES WITH THE CASE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATIONS

It is of great importance that different sectoral investments such as energy, technology, education, logistics, health, industry, transportation, construction, tourism, which will be realized in globalizing and crowded cities, are made in the most suitable city areas. In order to obtain the maximum efficiency from the unit city area for any sectoral investment activity and to develop more planned and liveable cities, many decision parameters in investment management should be handled rationally by integrated a geographical perspective. In this study, designing GIS-based site selection models was examined for effective decision-making in the investment planning process for smart cities. In this context, different sectoral investment applications examining implementation requirements were determined for smart cities. Electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) site selection application was determined as a case study, to design a GIS-based integrated site selection model for investment planning in smart city concept. Data preparation and analysis models were designed for determining the most suitable EVCSs location. EVSC site selection affecting criteria and criteria weights (by MCDA techniques) were researched in the literature. For this purpose, 15 criteria defined by three main criteria groups, namely Environmental/ Geographical, Economic Criteria, and Urbanity Criteria were determined. Designed models were performed analysing EVCSs suitability map in Pendik district of Istanbul. Normalized raster maps related to 15 criteria and EVCSs suitability map were produced with five suitability degrees for the Pendik district. Also, by designing the models, an integrated and planned investment mechanism can be developed for the impressive and efficient use of urban resources in smart city investments.

Operationalizing Water Security Concept in Water Investment Planning: Case Study of São Francisco River Basin

Despite advances in water resources management and planning, the São Francisco River Basin in Brazil has suffered from systematic drought problems in recent years, leading to severe human and environmental water security threats. This paper aims to track the water security for different periods and its relations with the changes in physical and natural asset conditions. The paper explores how investment planning to mitigate the water security threats and explore opportunities to increase the value of investments. The paper finds that grey infrastructure has regulated threats from increasing in the downstream of the river basin, however, continuous increase in water security threats in the upstream of the basin threatens water security downstream. This is evident from the spatial connectivity and unidirection externalities. As the capacity to further increase in grey investment is reaching its limit in the downstream, the increases in green infrastructure investment upstream, especially in the Grande River basin, could be one the way to reduce the externalities and minimise the water security risks.

Scenarios Analysis on Electric Power Planning Based on Multi-Scale Forecast: A Case Study of Taoussa, Mali from 2020 to 2035

The increase in electricity demand is caused by population density, gross domestic product growth and technological conditions. A long-term forecast study on the electricity demand could be a promising alternative to the investment planning of power systems and distribution. In this study, the main aim is to forecast and understand the long-term electricity demand of the Taoussa area for the sustainable development of the regions of northern Mali, by using the Model for Analysis of Energy Demand (MAED) from the International Atomic Energy Agency. To fill such a knowledge gap, the long-term evolution of electricity demand is calculated separately for four consumption sectors: industry, transportation, service and household from 2020 to 2035. The demand for each end-use category of electricity is driven by one or several socioeconomic and technological parameters development of the country, which are given as part of the reference scenario (RS) and two alternative scenarios (Low and High). These scenarios were developed based on four groups of coherent hypotheses concerning demographic evolution, economic development, lifestyle change and technological change. The results showed that the annual growth rate of electricity demand in Taoussa area in all scenarios is expected to increase by only 8.13% (LS), 10.31% (RS) and 12.56% (HS). According to the seasonal variations of electricity demand, dry season electricity demand was higher than the demand in cool season during the study period. Such a conclusion demonstrates that the proposed long-term method and related results could provide powerful sustainable solutions to the electricity development challenges of Africa.

Assessment of Selected Municipalities’ Performance of Citizen-Centric Investment Planning, and Support for Youth Programming in Kosovo

This paper aims to assess selected municipalities’ performance of citizen-centric investment planning, governance and transparency, financial management, and support for youth programming in Kosovo. In completing this assessment, the Municipal Performance Management System of the Ministry of Local Government Administration (MLGA) in Kosovo was utilized. Selected municipalities are based on the Municipal Performance Report of 2019. Eight from Albanian majority municipalities in the top ranking, and two municipalities with higher scores from minority municipalities. The paper aims to highlight three critical local government issues in ten selected municipalities: 1) The way of governing municipalities assessed according to the applicable legislation and 2) The provision of services in terms of quantity and quality, when possible and 3) Youth-oriented capacity building for municipal staff for better youth services (Ministry of Local Government Administration, 2019). The paper will produce findings on capacity building needs and support needed on youth and citizen-centric investment and capacity building needs. A non-exhaustive list of needed capacities is produced, while the findings from the evaluation will be used to develop a capacity-building manual for municipal staff on youth-oriented municipal services.

Rapid Assessment Method for Evaluation of the Weighted Contribution of Anthropogenic Pollution: A Case Study of Lake Burullus, Egypt

This paper proposes a pragmatic approach for rapid assessment of the weighted contribution of the main waste streams contributing to pollution of surface water bodies. A case study was conducted on Lake Burullus in Egypt. The lake suffers from pollution due to many human-based activities around the lake, such as domestic, industrial, agriculture, fish farming, and solid wastes. The weighted contribution of these activities was assessed in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The results showed that the highest organic load is due to the domestic wastewater pollution component (63.2% of COD load), followed by fish aquaculture (35.4%). The highest TN (43.9%) and TP (58.3%) pollutant loads to Lake Burullus are due to the agricultural pollution component, followed by fish aquaculture with pollutant loads of 28.5% and 25.3%, respectively. The industrial wastewater pollution component has a very small effect on the pollution of Lake Burullus. The assessment of this study will help identify and magnify the key polluters and thus guide the decision-makers to prioritize investment planning for depollution intervention projects. For example, if the target is to reduce COD loads, investments must be directed toward the rehabilitation and expansion of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).

The interplay of policy and energy retrofit decision-making for real estate decarbonization

Retrofitting existing buildings is critical for meeting global and institutional net-zero CO₂ emissions goals. Prominent energy and climate policy strategies are aiming to increase notoriously low retrofitting rates by triggering energy efficient and/or decarbonized real estate investments. Although many real estate assets are owned by large-scale investors, the interplay of their retrofit decision-making and policies are under researched. Relying on interviews with four major owner types, industry experts, and policymakers, we unpack the “black box” of retrofit investment and demonstrate how large-scale investors can transform retrofit decision-making processes to meet emissions goals. We show that to accelerate deep retrofits, policymakers should focus on integrated policy mixes, and consider the cross-impacts of policy instruments from various domains on the value-driven retrofitting decision. Instruments indirectly influencing retrofits, such as those targeting affordability or densification, represent a critical avenue for improving the retrofitting policy mix by moving away from single instruments directly targeting energy or emissions aspects. This policy mix should specifically target asset management budgetary decisions, which mainly drive investment planning relevant for deep retrofits.

Investment planning of innovative activity

The purpose of the study in this case is to develop methods for modeling processes aimed at ensuring investment planning of innovative activities of the enterprise. The methodological basis of the research is the adaptation of technological networks to the methods of financial and resource planning. In parallel, the corresponding mathematical apparatus was developed. It became clear that the activities of the company's department dealing with innovation management have to base on the principles of project management. The research based on the analysis of the process aimed at creating or acquiring an innovation at an enterprise in the context of the resources necessary for the successful implementation of such a process. The result determined and described a mathematical pattern describing the dependence of the probability that a technological operation will be performed successfully on the amount of investment (resources) allocated for this operation. Adjacency matrices became the most appropriate form of representation of models of innovative processes.