scholarly journals Emotion Regulation Regulates More Than Emotion

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Gilbert ◽  
Susan Mineka ◽  
Richard E. Zinbarg ◽  
Michelle G. Craske ◽  
Emma K. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Support Seeking ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Hpa Axis Functioning

Maladaptive emotion regulation and dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning are characteristic of depression and anxiety. However, little research examines whether and how emotion regulation affects HPA axis functioning. We utilized an experience sampling methodology to examine associations between three emotion regulation strategies (problem solving, disengagement, and emotional expression/support seeking) and diurnal cortisol rhythms and reactivity in everyday life. Participants were young adults with current, past, or no history of internalizing disorders (depression or anxiety; N = 182). Across participants, problem solving was associated with an elevated cortisol awakening response (CAR), whereas disengagement was associated with a steeper cortisol slope. Only for individuals with internalizing disorders was momentary problem solving and emotional expression/support seeking associated with higher cortisol reactivity and emotional expression/support seeking associated with a flatter diurnal slope and blunted CAR. Results provide insight into associations between emotion regulation and day-to-day HPA axis functioning.

Within Your Control? When Problem Solving May Be Most Helpful

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 932-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel D. Sarfan ◽  
Peter Gooch ◽  
Elise M. Clerkin
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Behavioral Avoidance ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Perception Of Performance

Emotion regulation strategies have been conceptualized as adaptive or maladaptive, but recent evidence suggests emotion regulation outcomes may be context-dependent. The present study tested whether the adaptiveness of a putatively adaptive emotion regulation strategy—problem solving—varied across contexts of high and low controllability. The present study also tested rumination, suggested to be one of the most putatively maladaptive strategies, which was expected to be associated with negative outcomes regardless of context. Participants completed an in vivo speech task, in which they were randomly assigned to a controllable ( n = 65) or an uncontrollable ( n = 63) condition. Using moderation analyses, we tested whether controllability interacted with emotion regulation use to predict negative affect, avoidance, and perception of performance. Partially consistent with hypotheses, problem solving was associated with certain positive outcomes (i.e., reduced behavioral avoidance) in the controllable (vs. uncontrollable) condition. Consistent with predictions, rumination was associated with negative outcomes (i.e., desired avoidance, negative affect, negative perception of performance) in both conditions. Overall, findings partially support contextual models of emotion regulation, insofar as the data suggest that the effects of problem solving may be more adaptive in controllable contexts for certain outcomes, whereas rumination may be maladaptive regardless of context.

scholarly journals Link between History of Childhood Maltreatment and Emotion Dysregulation in Adults Suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Borderline Personality Disorder

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1469
Author(s):  
Eva Rüfenacht ◽  
Eléonore Pham ◽  
Rosetta Nicastro ◽  
Karen Dieben ◽  
Roland Hasler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Reactivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

Childhood maltreatment (CM) may have a long-term effect on emotion regulation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between CM and emotion dysregulation (ED) in a heterogeneous population. Four hundred seventy French-speaking outpatients (N = 279 ADHD, N = 70 BPD, N = 60 ADHD + BPD, N = 61 clinical controls) completed the Emotion Reactivity Scale (ERS), the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ). Reports of childhood maltreatment experiences were significantly associated with increased levels of emotion reactivity in all our groups and in the whole population, with a greater use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and insecure attachment patterns. Emotional abuse showed the strongest effect. Further analysis indicated that an anxious attachment style significantly mediated the relationship between CM and the use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotion reactivity. The results of our study suggest an impact of CM on ED and a potentially marked effect of emotional abuse. They also indicate a potentially mediating role of insecure attachment in the relationship between a history of childhood abuse and emotion reactivity and a higher use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in adulthood.

scholarly journals The Effect of Concussions on the Emotion Regulation Processes of Martial Arts Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-792
Author(s):  
R D Sauvé WMoore ◽  
D Ellemberg
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Affect Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Neurologic Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Concussive Injuries

Abstract Purpose To identify differences in the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies between martial artists who sustained concussive injuries and their control teammates. Methods Athletes (9 concussed, 10 controls) from martial arts teams completed the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) and rated pictures from the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS) using the self-assessment manikin (SAM). Athletes actively participating in martial arts were recruited directly from their team 9 months (280.67±85.59 days) following a concussion. Athletes with a diagnosis of neurologic disorder were excluded form the analysis. Results Athletes with a history of concussion reported catastrophizing (p=.007) significantly less often and reported putting things in perspective (p=.04) more often than controls when faced with a negative event. While viewing neutral (p=.05) and negative (p=.03) pictures, athletes with a history of concussion rated pictures as more positive than controls did. They also felt more in control than non-concussed athletes while viewing positive (p=.008), neutral (p=.01), and negative (p=.05) pictures. Conclusion Martial artists reporting concussive injuries appear to diverge from non-concussed teammates in their emotion regulation processes. This group difference could be explained by greater affect intensity and surgency for the concussed group and greater emotional control and leveling of positive affect for the control group. Altered affective report following concussion may be related to more general impairments in socio-emotional functioning. Additional research is necessary to better understand how those alterations evolve over time and in relation with subsequent concussive injuries.

Development of Coping Strategies From Childhood to Adolescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Eschenbeck ◽  
Steffen Schmid ◽  
Ines Schröder ◽  
Nicola Wasserfall ◽  
Carl-Walter Kohlmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Support Seeking ◽  
Support Seeking

Abstract. Extensive research exists on coping in children and adolescents. However, developmental issues have only recently started to receive more attention. The present study examined age differences and developmental changes in six coping strategies (social support seeking, problem solving, avoidant coping, palliative emotion regulation, anger-related emotion regulation, and media use) assessed by a coping questionnaire (German Stress and Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, SSKJ 3–8; Lohaus, Eschenbeck, Kohlmann, & Klein-Heßling, 2006 ) in middle/late childhood and early adolescence. At the initial assessment, 917 children from grades 3 to 7 (age range 8–15 years) were included (cross-sectional sample). Three cohorts (grades 3–5 at baseline) were traced longitudinally over 1½ years with four assessments (longitudinal sample: n = 388). The cross-sectional coping data showed significant effects for grade level in four coping strategies. Older children scored higher in problem solving and media use, and lower in avoidant coping. Seventh graders scored lower than fourth and fifth graders in social support seeking. Longitudinal data confirmed time effects and cohort effects indicating developmental changes. Increases over time were found for problem solving and media use; decreases were found for avoidant coping and anger-related emotion regulation. For social support seeking, an increase within the youngest cohort (grades 3–5) was found. Developmental trends (in cross-sectional and longitudinal data), with especially strong increases for problem solving or declines in avoidant coping in the youngest cohort, differed for the two studied stressful situations (social, academic) but were independent of the child’s gender. To conclude, particularly in the age range of 9–11 years relevant developmental changes toward a more active coping seem to appear.

Difficulties with emotion regulation moderate the association between childhood history of maltreatment and cortisol reactivity to psychosocial challenge in postpartum women

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian England-Mason ◽  
Melissa Kimber ◽  
Jennifer Khoury ◽  
Leslie Atkinson ◽  
Harriet MacMillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
History Of

Emotion-regulation strategies in older people: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Ramirez-Ruiz ◽  
Kathryn Quinn ◽  
Nuno Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Older People ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Avoidance Problem

Purpose Emotion regulation (ER) has been identified as an important factor influencing psychological and health problems of adult populations. The purpose of this paper is to address a gap in the literature by examining available evidence relating to the use of ER strategies (avoidance, problem solving, reappraisal, rumination and suppression) on the well-being of older people (OP). Design/methodology/approach A systematic search for peer-reviewed articles published from 1985 to 2015 was conducted in PsycINFO, CINAHL, Medline, Psychological and Behavioural Sciences Collections and ASSIA and resulted in 1746 titles. In total, 20 studies met full inclusion criteria (the cross-sectional association between well-being and ER was reported, participants were 60 years or older, without cognitive impairment and the article was written in English, Portuguese or Spanish). Findings Rumination was found to be the ER strategy most strongly associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in OP populations, while mixed result were found for avoidance, problem solving, suppression and reappraisal. Research limitations/implications Given the scarcity of research examining the association between ER and positive psychological concepts only a conclusion about ER and negative mood measures could be made. Questions for future research on ER and well-being in OP are proposed. Originality/value This paper addresses a significant gap in the literature regarding the use of ER strategies in older adults.

scholarly journals Parental buffering in the context of poverty: positive parenting behaviors differentiate young children's stress reactivity profiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1778-1787
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Brown ◽  
Lisa J. Schlueter ◽  
Eliana Hurwich-Reiss ◽  
Julia Dmitrieva ◽  
Elly Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Hpa Axis Functioning

AbstractExperiencing poverty increases vulnerability for dysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning and compromises long-term health. Positive parenting buffers children from HPA axis reactivity, yet this has primarily been documented among families not experiencing poverty. We tested the theorized power of positive parenting in 124 parent–child dyads recruited from Early Head Start (Mage = 25.21 months) by examining child cortisol trajectories using five samples collected across a standardized stress paradigm. Piecewise latent growth models revealed that positive parenting buffered children's stress responses when controlling for time of day, last stress task completed, and demographics. Positive parenting also interacted with income such that positive parenting was especially protective for cortisol reactivity in families experiencing greater poverty. Findings suggest that positive parenting behaviors are important for protecting children in families experiencing low income from heightened or prolonged physiologic stress reactivity to an acute stressor.

scholarly journals On What Do Therapists Agree? Assessing Therapist Evaluations of Emotion Regulation Strategy Effectiveness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Southward ◽  
Anne C Wilson ◽  
Jennifer S. Cheavens
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Unified Process ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Objective: To develop more unified, process-based, and disseminable psychotherapy treatments, it is important to determine if there is consensus among therapists regarding intervention strategies. Design: Because emotion regulation is a cornerstone of modern treatments and a thriving area of clinical research, we assessed therapists’ ratings of the effectiveness of commonly studied emotion regulation strategies. Methods: Therapists (n = 582) read eleven vignettes describing stressful scenarios and rated the effectiveness of ten emotion regulation strategies in each scenario. Results: Across therapists, we found general consensus regarding the most (i.e., problem-solving) and least (i.e., concealing emotions) effective strategies. Cognitive/behavioral/third-wave therapists rated acceptance and distraction as more effective, and emotional expression and gathering information as less effective, than other therapists, Fs > 4.20, ps < .05, whereas hours of clinical experience were generally unrelated to strategy effectiveness ratings. Conclusions: We discuss what these points of agreement and relative disagreement among therapists reveal about a more unified, process-based treatment approach and how these results can guide emotion regulation research.

scholarly journals Infant emotion regulation strategy moderates the relation between maternal depressive symptomatology and infant HPA-Axis regulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Depressed Mothers ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Children of depressed mothers often have atypical cortisol levels. Child characteristics associated with emotion regulation difficulties moderate associations between maternal depression and child hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity. We hypothesize that infants of more depressed mothers who utilize more independent emotion regulation will have higher cortisol levels. Mother-infant dyads (N = 193) were recruited from the community. Maternal depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory II, infant regulation strategies were coded during a Toy Frustration Task, and cortisol was collected at baseline, 20, and 40 minutes after two challenges (Toy Frustration and Strange Situation). Results indicate that infant emotion regulation moderates associations between maternal depressive symptoms and infant total cortisol output (AUCG) and cortisol reactivity (AUCI), during the Toy Frustration task. Infants who used more independent regulation had elevated cortisol secretion. Associations were not replicated during the Strange Situation procedure. Findings are discussed in terms of adaptive emotional and physiological regulation.

scholarly journals Workplace hypertension": focus on emotional and personality traits in patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
O D Ostroumova ◽  
E I Pervichko ◽  
Yu P Zinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
High Emotionality

This article discusses the literature data on the prevalence, diagnosis and mechanisms of development of “workplace hypertension”. The paper contains the results of our own studies indicating that patients with “workplace hypertension” are suffering from different emotional and personality traits, such as high emotionality, suppression of emotional expression, and use of inefficient emotion regulation strategies, significant perfectionism associated with socially prescribed perfectionism.

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