Performance of cooling materials and their composites in maintaining freezing temperature during irradiation and transportation of bone allografts

Purpose: Bone allografts supplied by University Malaya Medical Centre Bone Bank are sterilized by gamma radiation at 25 kGy in dry ice (DI) to minimize radiation effects. Use of cheaper and easily available cooling materials, gel ice (GI) and ice pack (IP), was explored. Composites of DI and GI were also studied for the use in routine transportations and radiation process. Methods: (a) Five dummy bones were packed with DI, GI, or IP in a polystyrene box. The bone temperatures were monitored while the boxes were placed at room temperature over 96 h. Durations for each cooling material maintaining freezing temperatures below −40°C, −20°C, and 0°C were obtained from the bone temperature over time profiles. (b) Composites of DI (20, 15, 10, 5, and 0 kg) and GI were used to pack five dummy bones in a polystyrene box. The durations maintaining varying levels of freezing temperature were compared. Results: DI (20 kg) maintained temperature below −40°C for 76.4 h as compared to 6.3 h in GI (20 bags) and 4.0 h in IP (15 packs). Composites of 15DI (15 kg DI and 9 GI bags) and 10DI (10 kg DI and 17 GI bags) maintained the temperature below −40°C for 61 and 35.5 h, respectively. Conclusion: Composites of DI and GI can be used to maintain bones in deep frozen state during irradiation, thus avoiding radiation effects on biomechanical properties. Sterile frozen bone allograft with preserved functional properties is required in clinical applications.

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Initial study on removing cellular residues from hydrostatic high-pressure treated allogeneic tissue using ultrasound

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1515/cdbme-2020-3045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 176-179

Author(s):

Christoph Drobek ◽

Janine Waletzko ◽

Michael Dau ◽

Bernhard Frerich ◽

Volker Weißmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Structural Properties ◽

Dna Content ◽

Bone Allograft ◽

Initial Study ◽

Microbiological Contamination ◽

Test Setup ◽

Allograft Tissue ◽

Bone Allografts ◽

Content Determination

AbstractHydrostatic high-pressure technology (HHD) devitalizes tissue quickly and gently, without negatively affecting the structural properties. HHD-treated tissues must be cleaned from devitalized cells. A partially automated, gentle, reproducible and timesaving rinsing test setup utilizing ultrasound is demonstrated in this study. The test setup is used to clean HHD-treated bone allografts of tissue residues and prevent microbiological contamination. A rinsing procedure is investigated. Residual DNA content determination is utilized to analyze cleaned bone allograft tissue for rinsing procedure evaluation.

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DATA ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HETERAKIS PAPILLOSA IN THE FOWL

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.34.3.259 ◽

1921 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 259-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. W. Graybill

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Salt Solution ◽

Final Stage ◽

Minimum Temperature ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Freezing Temperature ◽

Physiological Salt Solution ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Short Intervals

In observations on the development of the ova of Heterakis papillosa in cultures, it was found that they failed to develop at a temperature ranging from 2.5–8°C., but developed slowly at a temperature of 11.5–13.5°C. The minimum temperature for development seems to lie between 8° and 11.5–13.5°C. At temperatures ranging in various cultures from 18–29°C. ova developed to their final stage in 7 to 12 days. Undeveloped ova subjected to a freezing temperature for a period of 4 days were viable at the end of that time. Fully developed ones remained alive when exposed out of doors for a period of 7 days at a temperature ranging from 5–62°F. Undeveloped ova survived desiccation at room temperature for a period of 16 days, but not for 41 days. Fully developed eggs were alive after desiccation for 18 days, but not after 49 days. In another instance they were no longer viable after 10 days. Embryos within ova kept in physiological salt solution at room temperature survived during a period of a little over 12 months. Fully developed ova kept in soil outdoors under circumstances approaching natural conditions contained living embryos after a period of 8 months. From a study of a series of artificially infested chickens killed at short intervals it appears that the ova of Heterakis hatch in the small intestine and the larvæ pass by way of the small and large intestines to the ceca where they undergo development to maturity. Larvæ found in the mucosa of the ceca were not in an encysted condition. Feeding of numerous artificially incubated ova may lead to a light infestation, the cause of which has not been definitely determined. A period of 57 days was required for larvæ to reach maturity in a host. The entire cycle from egg to adult requires a minimum time of about 64 days. A brief study of the growth and development of larvæ within the host has been made. No evidence was found of a migration through the tissues. A few penetrate into the mucosa of the ceca.

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Collagen-Platelet Composites Improve the Biomechanical Properties of Healing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts in a Porcine Model

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546509332257 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 37 (8) ◽

pp. 1554-1563 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Braden C. Fleming ◽

Kurt P. Spindler ◽

Matthew P. Palmer ◽

Elise M. Magarian ◽

Martha M. Murray

Keyword(s):

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽

Structural Properties ◽

Acl Reconstruction ◽

Porcine Model ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Bone Allograft ◽

Knee Laxity ◽

Biomechanical Properties ◽

Anterior Cruciate ◽

Vessel Infiltration

Background The outcome of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is variable, and many patients have increased joint laxity postoperatively. Hypothesis Placement of a collagen-platelet composite (CPC) around the graft at the time of ACL reconstruction decreases postoperative knee laxity and improves the structural properties of the graft compared with standard ACL reconstruction. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Thirteen immature pigs underwent unilateral ACL reconstruction with a bone–patellar tendon–bone allograft. In 6 pigs, a standard allograft was used to reconstruct the ACL. In 7 pigs, a CPC was placed around the allograft. After 15 weeks of healing, the animals were euthanized, and the anterior-posterior (AP) knee laxity and structural properties of the graft were measured. Qualitative histology of the grafts was also performed. Results The AP laxity values of the reconstructed knees, normalized to the contralateral control, were significantly reduced by 28% and 57% at 60° and 90° of knee flexion, respectively, with the addition of CPC (P <. 001). Significant improvements in the graft structural properties were also found; the normalized yield (P =. 044) and maximum failure loads (P =. 025) of the CPC group were 60% higher than the standard ACL-reconstructed group. Although cellular and vessel infiltration were observed in the grafts of both groups, regions of necrosis were present only in the standard ACL-reconstructed group. Conclusion These data demonstrate that the application of CPC at the time of ACL reconstruction improves the structural properties of the graft and reduces early AP knee laxity in the porcine model after 15 weeks of healing. Clinical Relevance Application of a CPC to an ACL graft at the time of surgery decreased knee laxity and increased the structural properties of the graft after 15 weeks of healing.

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Radiation effects on room temperature epoxy adhesive molecular structure: Mechanical tests and correlation with calorimetric and outgassing analyses

Journal of Macromolecular Science Part B ◽

10.1080/00222349908248126 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 38 (5-6) ◽

pp. 623-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

F. S. Guarino ◽

C. Hauviller ◽

J. M. Kenny

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Radiation Effects ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Epoxy Adhesive

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Comparative Dynamic Loading of Paired Femurs Comparison of Freeze-Dried versus Fresh-Frozen Bone Allografts

Impaction Bone Grafting in Revision Arthroplasty ◽

10.1201/9780203913680.ch12 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Olivier Cornu ◽

Christian Delloye ◽

M Verhelpen ◽

Ashit Bavadekar ◽

Bernard Godts

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Loading ◽

Bone Allografts ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Fresh Frozen ◽

Frozen Bone

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Effects of gamma radiation and post-operative cisplatin injection on the incorporation of bone allografts in rats

Український радіологічний та онкологічний журнал ◽

10.46879/ukroj.3.2021.51-62 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 51-62

Author(s):

O.Ye. Vyrva ◽

Ya.O. Holovina ◽

N.O. Ashukina ◽

R.V. Malyk ◽

Z.M. Danyshchuk

Keyword(s):

Gamma Radiation ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Intraperitoneal Injection ◽

Fibrous Tissue ◽

Bone Allograft ◽

Relative Area ◽

Control Groups ◽

Distal Metaphysis ◽

Bone Allografts ◽

Oncological Patients

Background. The reconstruction of long bone defects that occur after resection of tumors is a problem that requires constant study. Bone allografts are often used in this scenario. Unfortunately, while they are prepared, allografts partially lose their strength and osteoinductive properties; their survivability in oncological patients is only 40% after 10 years. This is why the search for superior allograft treatment methods and the study of allograft remodeling and incorporation in oncological patients, whose state has been affected by radiation or chemotherapy, is an area of interest. Purpose – study the structure of bone tissue in the distal metaphysis of a rat’s femur after bone allograft implantation (sterilized using gamma radiation or antibiotic saturation) and post-operative intraperitoneal cisplatin injection. Materials and Methods. Experiments were performed on 20 male white rats aged 5–6 months at the beginning of the experiment and weighed 365.8 ± 6.4g. All rats underwent a surgery that created a defect in the distal metaphysis of the femur which was filled with a bone allograft treated with gamma radiation (Control-1 and Experimental-1 groups) or saturated with an antibiotic (Control-2 and Experimental-2 groups). 14 days after allograft implantation, animals from the control groups received an intraperitoneal injection of 2.0–2.4 ml of 0.9% NaCl, while animals from the experimental groups received 2.5mg/kg of cisplatin. Histological analysis and histomorphometry were completed 30 days after the surgery. Results. 30 days after the operation, the smallest relative area of bone tissue (11.79%) was observed in rats from the Experimental-1 group, with gamma radiation treated allografts and post-operative intraperitoneal cisplatin injections. A somewhat higher value was found in the Experimental-2 group (antibiotic saturation + cisplatin) – 31.64%. In the control groups, (intraperitoneal injection 0.9% NaCl), the relative area of bone tissue was 16.7% (Control-1, gamma radiation treatment) and 58.09% (Control-2, antibiotic saturation). The relative area of fibrous tissue was the largest in the Experimental-1 group – 31.55% and the smallest in the Control-2 group – 12.79%. Conclusions. Allograft remodeling occurs along with the formation of bone and fibrous tissue when allografts are used to fill defects in the distal femoral metaphysis of rats, However, the relative percentages of those tissues depend on the allograft sterilization method and the use of cytostatic agents. The largest relative percentage of bone tissue (58.09%) was obtained using an allograft saturated with antibiotics and without the administration of cisplatin. The smallest (11.79%), on the other hand, occurred in gamma radiation treated allografts with cisplatin injected intraperitoneally after the operation

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Studies on the antigenicity of bone. I. Freeze-dried and deep-frozen bone allografts in rabbits

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) ◽

10.2106/00004623-197658060-00018 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 854-858 ◽

Cited By ~ 165

Author(s):

GE Friedlaender ◽

DM Strong ◽

KW Sell

Keyword(s):

Bone Allografts ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Frozen Bone

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Mine Backfilling in the Permafrost, Part II: Effect of Declining Curing Temperature on the Short-Term Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cemented Paste Backfills

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min9030172 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 172

Author(s):

Mamert Mbonimpa ◽

Parrein Kwizera ◽

Tikou Belem

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Freezing Temperature ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Strength Development ◽

Short Term ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Humidity Chamber ◽

Paste Backfill

When cemented paste backfill (CPB) is used to fill underground stopes opened in permafrost, depending on the distance from the permafrost wall, the curing temperature within the CPB matrix decreases progressively over time until equilibrium with the permafrost is reached (after several years). In this study, the influence of declining curing temperature (above freezing temperature) on the evolution of the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of CPB over 28 days’ curing is investigated. CPB mixtures were prepared with a high early (HE) cement and a blend of 80% slag and 20% General Use cement (S-GU) at 5% and 3% contents and cured at room temperature in a humidity chamber and under decreasing temperatures in a temperature-controlled chamber. Results indicate that UCS is higher for CPB cured at room temperature than under declining temperatures. UCS increases progressively from the stope wall toward the inside of the CPB mass. Under declines in curing temperature, HE cement provides better short-term compressive strength than does S-GU binder. In addition, the gradual decline in temperature does not appear to affect the fact that the higher the binder proportion, the greater the strength development. Therefore, UCS is higher for samples prepared with 5% than 3% HE cement. Findings are discussed in terms of practical applications.

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