scholarly journals DATA ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HETERAKIS PAPILLOSA IN THE FOWL

1921 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Graybill
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Physiological Salt Solution ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Short Intervals

In observations on the development of the ova of Heterakis papillosa in cultures, it was found that they failed to develop at a temperature ranging from 2.5–8°C., but developed slowly at a temperature of 11.5–13.5°C. The minimum temperature for development seems to lie between 8° and 11.5–13.5°C. At temperatures ranging in various cultures from 18–29°C. ova developed to their final stage in 7 to 12 days. Undeveloped ova subjected to a freezing temperature for a period of 4 days were viable at the end of that time. Fully developed ones remained alive when exposed out of doors for a period of 7 days at a temperature ranging from 5–62°F. Undeveloped ova survived desiccation at room temperature for a period of 16 days, but not for 41 days. Fully developed eggs were alive after desiccation for 18 days, but not after 49 days. In another instance they were no longer viable after 10 days. Embryos within ova kept in physiological salt solution at room temperature survived during a period of a little over 12 months. Fully developed ova kept in soil outdoors under circumstances approaching natural conditions contained living embryos after a period of 8 months. From a study of a series of artificially infested chickens killed at short intervals it appears that the ova of Heterakis hatch in the small intestine and the larvæ pass by way of the small and large intestines to the ceca where they undergo development to maturity. Larvæ found in the mucosa of the ceca were not in an encysted condition. Feeding of numerous artificially incubated ova may lead to a light infestation, the cause of which has not been definitely determined. A period of 57 days was required for larvæ to reach maturity in a host. The entire cycle from egg to adult requires a minimum time of about 64 days. A brief study of the growth and development of larvæ within the host has been made. No evidence was found of a migration through the tissues. A few penetrate into the mucosa of the ceca.

Potassium-induced relaxation of arteries in hypertension: modulation by extracellular calcium

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. H707-H712 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rinaldi ◽  
D. F. Bohr
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Physiological Salt Solution ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Na Pump ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Smooth muscle relaxation due to activation of Na+-K+-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) (K+ relaxation) was studied in isolated tail arteries from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Exposure to K+ (7 mM) relaxed a norepinephrine (1 microM) contraction induced in K+-free physiological salt solution (PSS) by 46 +/- 3% in WKY and by 81 +/- 3% in SHRSP. Incubation with monensin (10 microM) augmented the K+-relaxation in WKY to 61 +/- 5%. Incubation with amiloride (10 microM) or with low-Na+ (10 mM) PSS attenuated the K+ relaxation in SHRSP to 34 +/- 3 and 5 +/- 2%, respectively. Incubation with high-Ca2+ (6.6 mM) PSS attenuated the K+ relaxation in WKY to 25 +/- 3% but resulted in only a slight decrease in the relaxation in SHRSP (to 73 +/- 2%). We conclude 1) that a greater Na+ leakiness of the plasma membrane in SHRSP than in WKY while the Na+ pump is inactive in K+-free PSS can explain the greater relaxation observed when the Na+ pump is reactivated and 2) that the Na+ leakiness of the membrane is more attenuated by Ca2+ in the WKY than in the SHRSP. We hypothesize that this Ca2+ effect reflects a normally large amount of this ion that can be bound to and thereby stabilize the membrane of the WKY, decreasing its permeability to Na+. The membrane of the SHRSP is deficient in its Ca2+-binding sites. Hence the added Ca2+ does not further stabilize its membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Mine Backfilling in the Permafrost, Part II: Effect of Declining Curing Temperature on the Short-Term Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cemented Paste Backfills

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Mamert Mbonimpa ◽  
Parrein Kwizera ◽  
Tikou Belem
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Humidity Chamber ◽  
Paste Backfill

When cemented paste backfill (CPB) is used to fill underground stopes opened in permafrost, depending on the distance from the permafrost wall, the curing temperature within the CPB matrix decreases progressively over time until equilibrium with the permafrost is reached (after several years). In this study, the influence of declining curing temperature (above freezing temperature) on the evolution of the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of CPB over 28 days’ curing is investigated. CPB mixtures were prepared with a high early (HE) cement and a blend of 80% slag and 20% General Use cement (S-GU) at 5% and 3% contents and cured at room temperature in a humidity chamber and under decreasing temperatures in a temperature-controlled chamber. Results indicate that UCS is higher for CPB cured at room temperature than under declining temperatures. UCS increases progressively from the stope wall toward the inside of the CPB mass. Under declines in curing temperature, HE cement provides better short-term compressive strength than does S-GU binder. In addition, the gradual decline in temperature does not appear to affect the fact that the higher the binder proportion, the greater the strength development. Therefore, UCS is higher for samples prepared with 5% than 3% HE cement. Findings are discussed in terms of practical applications.

Evaluation of Glucose Absorption Level in the Small Intestine of Different Rat Strains under Natural Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Gruzdkov ◽  
Yu. V. Dmitrieva ◽  
A. S. Alekseeva ◽  
A. S. Polozov ◽  
L. V. Gromova
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Absorption Level

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE THAT SERUM EXERTS UPON TRYPANOSOMES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS USE FOR EXPERIMENTS IN VITRO WITH ATOXYL AND PARAMINO-PHENYLARSENOXYD

1915 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Undiluted Serum ◽  
Cattle Serum ◽  
Better Than

1. Serum of various animals preserves the motility of nagana trypanosomes better and longer than salt solution. 2. To act best in this way the serum should not be diluted more than 2 to 4 times. Undiluted serum is perhaps best. 3. Serum filtered through a Berkefeld filter, bottled aseptically, and kept in the ice box preserves this activating property apparently undiminished for many months. 4. Serum preserves the motility of trypanosomes better than "Sals physiologicum" of Merck, and better than the Ringer solutions of Meltzer and Carrel. 5. Serum preserves the normal morphology of trypanosomes better than the Ringer solutions tested. 6. The infectiousness of trypanosomes suspended in cattle serum was preserved at room temperature for at least 8 days. 7. The vitality of the trypanosomes in serum was seemingly better preserved at room temperature than at ice box temperature. 8. Serum incubated with atoxyl does not transform it into a toxic substance. 9. Serum does not bind paraminophenylarsenoxyd, for trypanosomes suspended in serum are often immobilized more quickly by paraminophenylarsenoxyd than trypanosomes suspended in salt solution. 10. Serum is suitable for suspending trypanosomes for certain experiments in vitro, and with proper precautions may be employed for transporting virus from laboratory to laboratory.

scholarly journals Sarcoplasmic reticulum and endothelium independently regulate venous smooth muscle [Ca2+]iand contraction

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. H749-H755
Author(s):  
Régent Laporte ◽  
Ismail Laher
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Physiological Salt Solution ◽  
Sustained Contraction ◽  
Facial Vein ◽  
State Increase

In rings of rabbit facial vein (RFV), depletion of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ by caffeine abolished the subsequent isometric contraction to 25 mM K+ physiological salt solution (25K-PSS). However, the associated steady-state increase of smooth muscle intracellular free Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i), measured using fura PE3 and cuvette photometry, was not altered. Treatment with the specific SR Ca2+ pump inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid (30 μM) after caffeine-induced SR Ca2+ depletion restored and greatly augmented the 25K-PSS-induced contraction. This suggests that SR Ca2+ depletion leads to a dissociation of K+-induced [Ca2+]iincrease from contraction that was dependent on Ca2+ pump-mediated SR Ca2+ uptake. Endothelium removal augmented the 25K-PSS-induced [Ca2+]iincrease after caffeine-induced SR Ca2+ depletion. However, this was associated with only a small and transient contraction. Exposure of endothelium-denuded RFV to cyclopiazonic acid after caffeine-induced SR Ca2+ depletion further amplified the 25K-PSS-induced [Ca2+]iincrease, which was associated with a large and sustained contraction. However, the latter [Ca2+]iincrease was still higher than in endothelium-intact RFV. This suggests that the endothelium dampens the [Ca2+]irise associated with K+-induced Ca2+ influx, but independently of Ca2+ pump-mediated SR Ca2+ uptake.

Deformability of thermoplastics in physiological salt solution

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
G. I. Roitberg ◽  
R. Z. Rakhimov ◽  
A. K. Valiev
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Physiological Salt Solution

scholarly journals On a new form of reagent against perspiration effects on shoe materials

1945 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Colin-Russ
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Cotton Yarn ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
White Cotton ◽  
New Form ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
Aqueous Ammonium Acetate

In a discussion of a series of tests connected with the fastness of colours on textile fibres, Villavecchia (1918) mentions the use of neutral ammonium acetate or common salt solution for measuring the colour resistance to perspiration. Thus in the case of coloured cotton, this is immersed for 10 min. alongside an equal quantity of white cotton yarn in a 0·1% aqueous ammonium acetate at 80°C., and the extent of colouring of the yarn as well as the degree of stripping of the coloured sample noted after drying without rinsing. An odd number of degrees of fastness is arbitrarily assigned to the coloured specimen according to the result, e.g. V degrees if neither the original tint nor the whiteness of the yarn is changed. Similarly with linen, hemp and ramie. For coloured wool both methods are used, viz. with sodium chloride and with ammonium acetate. In the former case, the alteration in colour is noted after simply dipping the wool in salt solution and allowing to air-dry out at room temperature. In the latter case, an equal quantity of white zephyr wool in addition to the white cotton is present. V degrees in all cases are stated to be conventionally adopted between industrial associations and dyestuff manufacturers for materials which are fast enough to reveal no change whatever in the testing bath. For coloured silk there are no precise data, and usually it is immersed in distilled water for several days to ascertain if any colour is lost.

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