scholarly journals Association of Autism Spectrum Disorders With Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1559651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Lozada ◽  
Cade M. Nylund ◽  
Gregory H. Gorman ◽  
Elizabeth Hisle-Gorman ◽  
Christine R. Erdie-Lalena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
The Military

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a common neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology. Studies suggest a link between autism and neonatal jaundice. A 1:3 matched case–control study was conducted with children enrolled in the Military Health System born between October 2002 and September 2009. Diagnostic and procedure codes were used for identifying ASD and hyperbilirubinemia. Two definitions for hyperbilirubinemia were evaluated: an inpatient admission with a diagnosis of jaundice and treatment with phototherapy. A total of 2917 children with ASD and 8751 matched controls were included in the study. After adjustment, there remained an association between ASD in children and an admission with a diagnosis of jaundice (odds ratio = 1.18; 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.31; P = .001) and phototherapy treatment (odds ratio = 1.33; 95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.69; P = .008). Children who develop ASD are more likely to have an admission with a diagnosis of jaundice in the neonatal period and more likely to require treatment for this jaundice.

In-hospital mortality among adults with autism spectrum disorder in the United States: A retrospective analysis of US hospital discharge data

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilhom Akobirshoev ◽  
Monika Mitra ◽  
Robbie Dembo ◽  
Emily Lauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Inpatient Hospital ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

A retrospective data analysis using 2004–2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample was conducted to examine in-hospital mortality among adults with autism spectrum disorders in the United States compared to individuals in the general population. We modeled logistic regressions to compare inpatient hospital mortality between adults with autism spectrum disorders (n = 34,237) and age-matched and sex-matched controls (n = 102,711) in a 1:3 ratio. Adults with autism spectrum disorders had higher odds for inpatient hospital mortality than controls (odds ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.29–1.61, p < 0.001). This risk remained high even after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, number of comorbidities, epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidities, hospital bed size, hospital region, and hospitalization year (odds ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.33–1.72, p < 0.001). Adults with autism spectrum disorders who experienced in-hospital mortality had a higher risk for having 10 out of 27 observed Elixhauser-based medical comorbidities at the time of death, including psychoses, other neurological disorders, diabetes, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis collagen vascular disease, obesity, weight loss, fluid and electrolyte disorders, deficiency anemias, and paralysis. The results from the interaction of sex and autism spectrum disorders status suggest that women with autism spectrum disorders have almost two times higher odds for in-hospital mortality (odds ratio = 1.95, p < 0.001) than men with autism spectrum disorders. The results from the stratified analysis also showed that women with autism spectrum disorders had 3.17 times higher odds (95% confidence interval: 2.50–4.01, p < 0.001) of in-hospital mortality compared to women from the non–autism spectrum disorders matched control group; this difference persisted even after adjusting for socioeconomic, clinical, and hospital characteristics (odds ratio = 2.75, 95% confidence interval: 2.09–3.64, p < 0.001). Our findings underscore the need for more research to develop better strategies for healthcare and service delivery to people with autism spectrum disorders.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tingting Hu ◽  
Yinmiao Dong ◽  
Caixia He ◽  
Mingyi Zhao ◽  
Qingnan He
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a kind of neurodevelopmental disorder with rapidly increasing morbidity. In recent years, many studies have proposed a possible link between ASD and multiple environmental as well as genetic risk factors; nevertheless, recent studies have still failed to identify the specific pathogenesis. An analysis of the literature showed that oxidative stress and redox imbalance caused by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to be integral parts of ASD pathophysiology. On the one hand, this review aims to elucidate the communications between oxidative stress, as a risk factor, and ASD. As such, there is also evidence to suggest that early assessment and treatment of antioxidant status are likely to result in improved long-term prognosis by disturbing oxidative stress in the brain to avoid additional irreversible brain damage. Accordingly, we will also discuss the possibility of novel therapies regarding oxidative stress as a target according to recent literature. On the other hand, this review suggests a definite relationship between ASD and an unbalanced gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota (i.e., GIT dysbiosis). A variety of studies have concluded that the intestinal microbiota influences many aspects of human health, including metabolism, the immune and nervous systems, and the mucosal barrier. Additionally, the oxidative stress and GIT dysfunction in autistic children have both been reported to be related to mitochondrial dysfunction. What is the connection between them? Moreover, specific changes in the GIT microbiota are clearly observed in most autistic children, and the related mechanisms and the connection among ASD, the GIT microbiota, and oxidative stress are also discussed, providing a theory and molecular strategies for clinical practice as well as further studies.

scholarly journals Schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders and developmental disorders share specific disruptive coding mutations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott Rees ◽  
Hugo D. J. Creeth ◽  
Hai-Gwo Hwu ◽  
Wei J. Chen ◽  
Ming Tsuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Shared Risk

AbstractPeople with schizophrenia are enriched for rare coding variants in genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. However, it is unclear if the same changes to gene function that increase risk to neurodevelopmental disorders also do so for schizophrenia. Using data from 3444 schizophrenia trios and 37,488 neurodevelopmental disorder trios, we show that within shared risk genes, de novo variants in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders are generally of the same functional category, and that specific de novo variants observed in neurodevelopmental disorders are enriched in schizophrenia (P = 5.0 × 10−6). The latter includes variants known to be pathogenic for syndromic disorders, suggesting that schizophrenia be included as a characteristic of those syndromes. Our findings imply that, in part, neurodevelopmental disorders and schizophrenia have shared molecular aetiology, and therefore likely overlapping pathophysiology, and support the hypothesis that at least some forms of schizophrenia lie on a continuum of neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals MTHFR Gene C677T Polymorphism in Autism Spectrum Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Funda Sener ◽  
Didem Behice Oztop ◽  
Yusuf Ozkul
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Mthfr Gene ◽  
C677t Polymorphism ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Aim. Autism is a subgroup of autism spectrum disorders, classified as a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder and symptoms occur in the first three years of life. The etiology of autism is largely unknown, but it has been accepted that genetic and environmental factors may both be responsible for the disease. Recent studies have revealed that the genes involved in the folate/homocysteine pathway may be risk factors for autistic children. In particular, C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene as a possible risk factor for autism is still controversial. We aimed to investigate the possible effect of C677T polymorphism in a Turkish cohort. Methods. Autism patients were diagnosed by child psychiatrists according to DSM-IV and DSM-V criteria. A total of 98 children diagnosed as autistic and 70 age and sex-matched children who are nonautistic were tested for C677T polymorphism. This polymorphism was studied by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Results. MTHFR 677T-allele frequency was found to be higher in autistic children compared with nonautistic children (29% versus 24%), but it was not found statistically significant. Conclusions. We conclude that other MTHFR polymorphisms such as A1298C or other folate/homocysteine pathway genes may be studied to show their possible role in autism.

scholarly journals Systematic approach to school-based assessments for autism spectrum disorders to reduce inequalities: a feasibility study in 10 primary schools

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e041960
Author(s):  
Barry Wright ◽  
Kalliopi Konstantopoulou ◽  
Kuldeep Sohal ◽  
Brian Kelly ◽  
Geoff Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

ObjectivesThis was a pilot study to explore whether the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile (EYFSP) carried out by UK teachers within the ‘reception’ year, combined with the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), can lead to early identification of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and early access to intervention and can reduce inequity in access to assessment and intervention.DesignPragmatic prospective cohort.SettingTen primary schools from the SHINE project in Bradford.Participants587 pupils from 10 schools who transitioned from reception to year 1 in July 2017 and had the EYFSP completed were included in the final study.InterventionsThe assessment involved a multidisciplinary team of three staff who completed Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Version 2, classroom observations with an ASD checklist, a teacher-based ASD questionnaire and a final consensus meeting.Primary outcome measureNational Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline-compliant clinical diagnosis of ASD.Secondary outcome measuresAge of diagnosis, demographic data and feasibility parameters.ResultsChildren with low scores on the EYFSP were more likely to score above the SCQ threshold of 12, indicating potential autism (50% compared with 19% of children with high scores on the EYFSP (p<0.001)). All children scoring above the SCQ threshold received a full autism assessment; children who scored low on the EYFSP were more likely to be diagnosed with autism (and other developmental issues) compared with those who did not.ConclusionsWe identified nine new children with a diagnosis of ASD, all from ethnic minorities, suggesting that this process may be addressing the inequalities in early diagnosis found in previous studies. All children who scored above the SCQ threshold required support (ie, had a neurodevelopmental disorder), indicating the EYFSP questionnaire captured ‘at-risk’ children.

Autism Spectrum Disorders and Their Clinical Management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Pedapati ◽  
Jacob Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Key Words Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder marked by impairments in social behavior and difficulties with repetitive and restrictive behaviors. In 2012, the prevalence of ASD in the United States was estimated to be one in 68 among children age 8 years. Although the etiology of ASD is poorly understood, many researchers have identified genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors likely involved in the disorder. In approximately 10% of cases, a definitive association with a specific genetic defect can be identified. A diagnosis of ASD is best performed through an interdisciplinary assessment and is based on diagnostic criteria. The DSM-5 criteria on the clinical features of ASD fall into two core domains: impaired social communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities. Today, although no definitive “cure” for ASD exists, state-of-the-art therapies and learning environments, along with medications, have resulted in reducing disease burden and quality of life for individuals affected by ASD. This review contains 3 figures, 2 tables, and 86 references. Key words: autism spectrum disorders, developmental disorders, language speech delay, social communication

Effectiveness of Stem Cell Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Case Study of Identical Twins

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya K ◽  
◽  
Shobha HC ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with immune system dysfunction. Recent year’s researches have exposed importance of cell based therapies, which were proposed and applied to ASDs as ASDs are considered to be a Neurobiological condition. Although a few studies show stem cell therapy as an active treatment, method for individuals with ASDs there is a lack of empirical evidences to confirm the effectiveness. A twin case study is presented who are diagnosed as having ASDs who had undergone Stem cell therapy treatment. The results of detailed Speech and Language evaluations and other treatments the children had undergone are the focus of present report. Precautions to be taken while choosing the right management option, which involves careful parental counselling are discussed.

scholarly journals The effects of probiotics and oxytocin nasal spray on neuro-social behaviors of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Jun Kong ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Kenneth Kwong ◽  
Madelyn Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication. Oxytocin (OXT), as a neuropeptide, plays a role in emotional and social behaviors. Animal studies showed that Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) supplementation led to an OXT-dependent behavioral improvement in ASD mouse models. We thus designed the first clinical trial to test whether supplementation with L. reuteri would improve social behavioral functions in ASD patients; whether there is a synergy between probiotics treatment and exogenous OXT therapy; and whether such OXT pathway-targeted therapies alter the gut-brain axis, including autonomic function, gastrointestinal (GI) health, gut microbial profiles, gut/brain inflammation, and brain activity. Methods/design: This clinical trial is a two-staged, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Throughout the study (0-24 weeks), 60 ASD patients will be randomly assigned to receive either oral L. reuteri probiotics or placebo. In the 2nd stage (13-24 weeks) of the study, all participants will also receive intranasal OXT spray. As primary outcomes, serum OXT levels will be assayed and social behaviors will be measured via two validated questionnaires, an objective emotional facial matching test, and a new video-based eye tracking test. Secondary outcomes include autonomic function indices, GI function, gut microbiome/short chain fatty acids, brain activity in social response regions via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and serum neuroinflammatory/neurotransmitter/neuro-injury biomarkers. All the outcomes will be assessed at baseline, week 12, and week 24. Discussion: This pilot study will provide important empirical data to evaluate potential effects of oral probiotics in improving ASD core symptoms through modulating endogenous OXT, examine the synergistic effects between probiotics and exogenous OXT treatment, and further explore the relationship of OXT with the gut-brain axis in ASD patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT03337035. Registered 8 November 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03337035 Keywords: Autism spectrum disorders; Intranasal; Oxytocin; Probiotics

Rett Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Smith-Hicks ◽  
S. Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Mecp2 Gene ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Andreas Rett

Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that predominantly affects females but males with RTT have been identified. RTT was first described by an Austrian pediatrician, Andreas Rett. Rett syndrome was mapped to chromosome Xq28 in 1998 and a year later it was determined to be due to mutations in the MeCP2 gene at this locus. Identification of the gene led to the broadening of the clinical phenotype and further characterization into classic and atypical forms of the disease that overlap with Autism spectrum disorders during the period of regression. More than 95% of individuals with classic RTT have mutations in the MeCP2 gene.

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