Phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin of Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina) reduce apoptosis promoters and glomerular dysfunction in mercury-related acute kidney injury

Arthrospira maxima ( Spirulina) is considered a nutraceutical or functional food because it provides health benefits and it is used as nephroprotector because it contains nucleophilic compounds as phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin that prevent oxidative stress and cellular damage process. Also, it is known that inorganic mercury is bioaccumulated and exerted kidney toxicity. Despite the nephroprotective effect of Spirulina and its components, there is not enough information about the effect of them on renal function as well as the apoptosis process inhibition. This work aimed to investigate whether phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin of Spirulina can improve HgCl2-related glomerular and tubular renal dysfunction as well as the Bax, Bcl2, and effectors caspases alterations. Male mice were administrated with Spirulina, phycobiliproteins or phycocyanin 30 min before 5 mg/Kg HgCl2 administration. The nutraceuticals were administrated for the next 5 days. Then, the mice were euthanized. The renal function, caspases 3 and 9 activities, as well as Bax and Bcl2 expression were evaluated. Spirulina and its components prevent HgCl2-related apoptosis induction and glomerular dysfunction. We concluded that phycobiliproteins and phycocyanin of Spirulina reduce glomerular damage but not the tubular dysfunction in a mercury-related acute kidney injury.

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Effect of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Renal Function in Septic Acute Kidney Injury Patients

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct03877081 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Function ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Septic Acute Kidney Injury

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Serial Quantification of Urinary Protein Biomarkers to Predict Drug-induced Acute Kidney Injury

Current Drug Metabolism ◽

10.2174/1389200220666190711114504 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 656-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yi Da ◽

K. Akalya ◽

Tanusya Murali ◽

Anantharaman Vathsala ◽

Chuen-Seng Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Cystatin C ◽

Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Tubular Dysfunction ◽

Renal Tubular Dysfunction ◽

Protein Biomarkers ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Beta 2 ◽

Beta 2 Microglobulin

Background: : Drug-induced Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) develops in 10-15% of patients who receive nephrotoxic medications. Urinary biomarkers of renal tubular dysfunction may detect nephrotoxicity early and predict AKI. Methods:: We prospectively studied patients who received aminoglycosides, vancomycin, amphotericin, or calcineurin inhibitors, and collected their serial urine while on therapy. Patients who developed drug-induced AKI (fulfilling KDIGO criteria) were matched with non-AKI controls in a 1:2 ratio. Their urine samples were batch-analyzed at time-intervals leading up to AKI onset; the latter benchmarked against the final day of nephrotoxic therapy in non- AKI controls. Biomarkers examined include clusterin, beta-2-microglobulin, KIM1, MCP1, cystatin-C, trefoil-factor- 3, NGAL, interleukin-18, GST-Pi, calbindin, and osteopontin; biomarkers were normalized with corresponding urine creatinine. Results:: Nine of 84 (11%) patients developed drug-induced AKI. Biomarkers from 7 AKI cases with pre-AKI samples were compared with those from 14 non-AKI controls. Corresponding mean ages were 55(±17) and 52(±16) years; baseline eGFR were 99(±21) and 101(±24) mL/min/1.73m2 (all p=NS). Most biomarker levels peaked before the onset of AKI. Median levels of 5 biomarkers were significantly higher in AKI cases than controls at 1-3 days before AKI onset (all µg/mmol): clusterin [58(8-411) versus 7(3-17)], beta-2-microglobulin [1632(913-3823) versus 253(61-791)], KIM1 [0.16(0.13-0.76) versus 0.07(0.05-0.15)], MCP1 [0.40(0.16-1.90) versus 0.07(0.04-0.17)], and cystatin-C [33(27-2990) versus 11(7-19)], all p<0.05; their AUROC for AKI prediction were >0.80 (confidence intervals >0.50), with average accuracy highest for clusterin (86%), followed by beta-2-microglobulin, cystatin-C, MCP1, and KIM1 (57%) after cross-validation. Conclusion: : Serial surveillance of these biomarkers could improve the lead time for nephrotoxicity detection by days.

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Lupus cystitis: unusual cause of renal failure in systemic lupus erythematosus

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2019-233446 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. e233446

Author(s):

Kevin John ◽

Krupa Varughese ◽

Ranil Johann Boaz ◽

Tarun George

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Uncommon Presentation ◽

Acute Dyspnoea ◽

Chronic Fever

A 42-year-old woman presented with chronic fever, abdominal pain, intermittent loose stools and dysuria for 3 months. She had recently developed acute dyspnoea with acute kidney injury. She was found to have a contracted, thick-walled bladder with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. She underwent bilateral percutaneous nephrostomies, following which her renal function recovered. She satisfied the clinical and immunological features of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). She was initiated on immunosuppression. Lupus cystitis with a contracted bladder is an uncommon presentation of SLE.

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Acute kidney injury, metabolic acidosis, and hypercalcemia with proximal tubular dysfunction—a diagnostic challenge: Answers

Pediatric Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s00467-021-05033-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adem Yasin Köksoy

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Metabolic Acidosis ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Tubular Dysfunction ◽

Diagnostic Challenge ◽

Proximal Tubular Dysfunction ◽

Proximal Tubular

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Long-term continuous use of proton-pump inhibitors is associated with renal function decline in patients without acute kidney injury

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s10157-021-02066-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yutaka Hatakeyama ◽

Taro Horino ◽

Tatsuki Matsumoto ◽

Yoshio Terada ◽

Yoshiyasu Okuhara

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Function ◽

Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽

Proton Pump ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Function Decline ◽

Continuous Use

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Contrast Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality in Older Adults with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Pooled Analysis of the FRASER and HULK Studies

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10102151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2151

Author(s):

Rita Pavasini ◽

Matteo Tebaldi ◽

Giulia Bugani ◽

Elisabetta Tonet ◽

Roberta Campana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Function ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Coronary Intervention ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Short Term Mortality

Whether contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is only a bystander or a risk factor for mortality in older patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not well understood. Data from FRASER (NCT02386124) and HULK (NCT03021044) studies have been analysed. All patients enrolled underwent coronary angiography. The occurrence of CA-AKI was defined based on KDIGO criteria. The primary outcome of the study was to test the relation between CA-AKI and 3-month mortality. Overall, 870 older ACS adults were included in the analysis (mean age 78 ± 5 years; 28% females). CA-AKI occurred in 136 (16%) patients. At 3 months, 13 (9.6%) patients with CA-AKI died as compared with 13 (1.8%) without it (p < 0.001). At multivariable analysis, CA-AKI emerged as independent predictor of 3-month mortality (HR 3.51, 95%CI 1.05–7.01). After 3 months, renal function returned to the baseline value in 78 (63%) with CA-AKI. Those without recovered renal function (n = 45, 37%) showed an increased risk of mortality as compared to recovered renal function and no CA-AKI subgroups (HR 2.01, 95%CI 1.55–2.59, p = 0.009 and HR 2.71, 95%CI 1.45–5.89, p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, CA-AKI occurs in a not negligible portion of older MI patients undergoing invasive strategy and it is associated with short-term mortality.

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Assessment of Kidney Function After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease ◽

10.1177/20543581211018029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205435812110180

Author(s):

Orit Kliuk-Ben Bassat ◽

Sapir Sadon ◽

Svetlana Sirota ◽

Arie Steinvil ◽

Maayan Konigstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Function ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Single Center ◽

Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽

Single Center Study ◽

Center Study

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), although associated with an increased risk for acute kidney injury (AKI), may also result in improvement in renal function. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the magnitude of kidney function improvement (KFI) after TAVR and to assess its significance on long-term mortality. Design: This is a prospective single center study. Setting: The study was conducted in cardiology department, interventional unit, in a tertiary hospital. Patients: The cohort included 1321 patients who underwent TAVR. Measurements: Serum creatinine level was measured at baseline, before the procedure, and over the next 7 days or until discharge. Methods: Kidney function improvement was defined as the mirror image of AKI, a reduction in pre-procedural to post-procedural minimal creatinine of more than 0.3 mg/dL, or a ratio of post-procedural minimal creatinine to pre-procedural creatinine of less than 0.66, up to 7 days after the procedure. Patients were categorized and compared for clinical endpoints according to post-procedural renal function change into 3 groups: KFI, AKI, or preserved kidney function (PKF). The primary endpoint was long-term all-cause mortality. Results: The incidence of KFI was 5%. In 55 out of 66 patients patients, the improvement in kidney function was minor and of unclear clinical significance. Acute kidney injury occurred in 19.1%. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was a predictor of KFI after multivariable analysis (odds ratio = 0.93 to develop KFI; confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.91-0.95, P < .001). Patients in the KFI group had a higher Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) score than other groups. Mortality rate did not differ between KFI group and PKF group (43.9% in KFI group and 33.8% in PKF group) but was significantly higher in the AKI group (60.7%, P < .001). Limitations: The following are the limitations: heterozygous definitions of KFI within different studies and a single center study. Although data were collected prospectively, analysis plan was defined after data collection. Conclusions: Improvement in kidney function following TAVR was not a common phenomenon in our cohort and did not reduce overall mortality rate.

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