Use of 1-bromopropane (N-propyl bromide) in dry cleaning is rare and rapidly declining toward obsolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239784732096696
Author(s):  
Carr J Smith ◽  
Thomas A Perfetti ◽  
Richard G Morford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
York State Department ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Dry Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Solvents

Ten years ago, the Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance (HSIA) and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation petitioned the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to classify 1-bromopropane (1-BP) as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP), the first such classification of a chemical since 1990. The USEPA plans to classify 1-BP as a HAP. One of the putative exposures supporting HAP classification is 1-BP-based dry cleaning solvents. Only two 1-BP-based dry cleaning solvents have ever been marketed domestically, i.e. the dominant market share product DrySolv® (DrySolv) and less commonly used FabrisolvTM XL (Fabrisolv). The use of 1-BP-based dry cleaning solvents has been declining for several years. Fabrisolv is no longer marketed as a dry cleaning agent. In the first half of 2020, less than 1,600 pounds of DrySolv have been sold for the remaining six dedicated dry cleaning machines still in operation in the United States. It is expected that the number of dedicated DrySolv dry cleaning machines in operation will be reduced to three by the end of 2020. In addition, no 1-BP-based spot cleaner has ever been marketed in the United States. USEPA currently classifies 187 chemicals as HAPs, with a subset of 30 HAPS classified as urban air toxics. Dry cleaning is considered to be one of the 68 “area sources” that contribute to sub-classification of 1-BP as an urban air toxic. In the near future, 1-BP-based products will not be employed in the dry cleaning industry.

New York State's Inland Geographic Response Plans

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2017117
Author(s):  
Kirsten Anderson ◽  
Kevin Hale ◽  
Thomas Festa ◽  
Dennis Farrar ◽  
Kyle Kolwaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Oil Transportation

Geographic Response Plans (GRPs) are location-specific plans developed to provide guidance for oil spill responses throughout the United States. Until recently, the majority of crude oil transportation in the United States has occurred via waterways on oil tankers and barges, therefore, most existing GRPs focus on the protection of sensitive biological resources and socio-economic features in near shore environments. The recent development of crude oil extraction from the Bakken formation has resulted in a significant increase in the volume of crude oil being transported via railroads and pipelines and has highlighted the need for inland response planning. Rail cars transporting the volatile and flammable Bakken crude oil now traverse more than 850 miles of New York State on two major Class 1 Railroads. In response, Executive Order 125 was issued by the governor directing state agencies to strengthen the state's preparedness for incidents involving crude oil transportation. New York State's (NYS) Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), in collaboration with the Department of Homeland Security & Emergency Services and Department of Health, are leading a multi-stakeholder effort to develop Inland GRPs for the 21 NYS counties currently impacted by crude-by-rail transportation. County steering committees were established consisting primarily of local first response agencies, as well as their state and federal partners. Utilizing Sensitive Resource Maps developed by DEC, coupled with the local steering committee input, location-specific response plans were drafted, reviewed, and set as final working “evergreen” documents, which are open for update/refinement at any time in the future. The NYSDEC GRPs are similar to typical GRPs in that they are map-based, location-specific contingency plans that outline response strategies for the protection of sensitive resources. However, the NYSDEC GRPs differ from traditional GRPs in several ways. They extend contingency planning to cover spills on land, in addition to surface water-based spills. Due to the flammability of Bakken crude oil, much more emphasis is placed on the fire risks associated with a train derailment. This is done by mapping sensitive human receptors (e.g., schools, daycare centers, assisted living centers, etc.), critical infrastructure, and identifying fire (and vapor) suppression assets. The NYSDEC GRPs also place more emphasis on the initial response options available to local first responders, options that can be implemented before other response assets may arrive on-scene (State, Federal, and RP). This presentation will discuss the development, structure, proposed implementation, training and exercises associated with this ongoing program.

CORRECTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 826-826
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
York State Department ◽  
United States Department ◽  
States Department ◽  
York State ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
High Risk Infants

The notice on page 485 of the September 1970 issue of Pediatrics, "Institute for Physicians and Nurses in the Care of Premature and Other High-Risk Infants," should have stated that the Institutes are sponsored by the New York State Department of Health and the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

scholarly journals Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 100047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghai Liang ◽  
Liuhua Shi ◽  
Jingxuan Zhao ◽  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Jeremy A. Sarnat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Urban Air

Seasonal Activity of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Southern New York State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P Piedmonte ◽  
Vanessa C Vinci ◽  
Thomas J Daniels ◽  
Bryon P Backenson ◽  
Richard C Falco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Human Bite

Abstract The Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, is a species native to eastern Asia that has recently been discovered in the United States. In its native range, H. longicornis transmits pathogens that cause disease in humans and livestock. It is currently unknown whether H. longicornis will act as a vector in the United States. Understanding its seasonal activity patterns will be important in identifying which times of the year represent greatest potential risk to humans and livestock should this species become a threat to animal or public health. A study site was established in Yonkers, NY near the residence associated with the first reported human bite from H. longicornis in the United States. Ticks were collected once each week from July 2018 to November 2019. Haemaphysalis longicornis larvae were most active from August to November, nymphs from April to July, and adult females from June to September. This pattern of activity suggests that H. longicornis is capable of completing a generation within a single year and matches the patterns observed in its other ranges in the northern hemisphere. The data presented here contribute to a growing database for H. longicornis phenology in the northeastern United States. Potential implications of the short life cycle for the tick’s vectorial capacity are discussed.

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