The evolution of Jakarta’s flood policy over the past 400 years: The lock-in of infrastructural solutions

The authors aim to contribute to understanding of the industrial dynamics/evolution of mature export production complexes in the first generation Asian newly industrialised countries (NICs), employing an evolutionary economic perspective. Over the past decade and longer, the first-generation Asian NICs, Singapore included, have been confronted with imperatives necessitating deep restructuring. We observe that the pattern of industrial decline associated with failed restructuring caused by lock-in does not fit these countries, industrial regions, and early industries. Yet research has hardly begun to look at adjustment or to address deeper evolution from tenets in the framework of evolutionary economics, although such an approach is made more rather than less relevant by continued resilience. We analyse the pathway(s) of one early industry, the apparel industry in Singapore, through the 1980s and 90s. The withering away in the Singapore context of an industry such as apparel manufacture is not inevitable. From a juxtaposition of the line of thinking in evolutionary economics in which hindrance and decline due to path dependency and lock-ins are emphasised, with an alternative line in which the possibility of adjusting through renewal and the limited operation of lock-ins is emphasised, we discuss why the latter rather than the former has been the case.

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Recent Developments in High Speed Research

Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society ◽

10.1017/s0368393100115408 ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 54 (477) ◽

pp. 545-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. A. Beavan ◽

D. W. Holder

Keyword(s):

Compressible Flow ◽

Experimental Work ◽

High Speed ◽

The Past ◽

The Future ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Lock In

Much work has been done on compressible flow since the contribution of the Aerodynamics Division to research in this field was last described to the Society by the late C. N. H. Lock in 1937. At that time he was able to review many of the data which were available from other sources, whereas today such a task would be impossible in a paper of this length. We shall confine ourselves here, therefore, to a description of some of the experimental work that has been done during the past few years in the high-speed laboratory of the Division, and to an account of the lines along which it is intended to continue the work in the future.

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The European Union as a Security Actor in the Sahel

ERIS – European Review of International Studies ◽

10.1163/21967415-08030006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 382-412

Author(s):

Friedrich Plank ◽

Julian Bergmann

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

The European Union ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Eu Foreign Policy ◽

The Past ◽

Path Dependencies ◽

Security Actor ◽

Lock In ◽

Strong Path ◽

The Eu

Abstract In the past decade, the EU has significantly stepped up its profile as a security actor in the Sahel. Drawing on historical institutionalism, we conceptualise path-dependencies and lock-in effects as elements of a “foreign policy entrapment” spiral to analyse the EU’s policies towards the Sahel. Specifically, we seek to explain the EU’s increasingly widened and deepened engagement in the region. Hence, this article traces the evolution of the EU’s Sahel policy both in discourse and implementation. We identify a predominant security narrative as well as a regionalisation narrative and show that EU action has followed these narratives. Based on this analysis, we argue that the evolution of the EU’s Sahel policy can be understood as a case of “foreign policy entrapment”. Initial decisions on the overall direction of EU foreign policy have created strong path-dependencies and lock-in effects that make it difficult for EU policy-makers to change the policy course.

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Flood policy in Spain: a review for the period 1983-2013

Disaster Prevention and Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/dpm-05-2015-0108 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 41-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jorge Olcina ◽

David Sauri ◽

Maria Hernández ◽

Anna Ribas

Keyword(s):

Review Paper ◽

Basque Country ◽

National Level ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Reference List ◽

Spanish Society ◽

Content Type ◽

The Past ◽

Massive Growth ◽

Flood Policy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the main changes regarding flood policy in Spain during the period 1983-2013, that is right after the large and very damaging episodes of 1982-1983 in Valencia, Catalonia and the Basque Country. Design/methodology/approach – This is above all a review paper that looks retrospectively at flood policy in Spain during the past three decades. In order to collect and organize the information the authors follow the methodology of the IPCC regarding vulnerability studies. That is, the authors provide evidence for an overall assessment of the evolution of exposure, sensibility and adaptive capacity to floods in Spain for the period of reference. The authors approach these issues through the own experience and expertise on this subject as noted in the reference list. Findings – While exposure to floods has generally increased (especially after the massive growth of urbanization in flood prone land of the 1990s and early 2000s) overall flood policy has contributed to make Spain less sensible and more adapted to floods. Still some issues remain unsolved especially the control of urban growth and the adaptation of the built environment to floods. For these reasons absolute economic losses from floods may continue to be important in the future (perhaps more so with climate change) even though, overall, Spanish society may have become less vulnerable and therefore more resilient than in the past. Originality/value – The paper provides a retrospective study and assessment of policies taken and their changes regarding floods at a national level over a long period of time (30 years) which is a theme still relatively little explored in the scientific literature on this hazard.

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Product Diversification in Sustainability Transition: The Forest-Based Bioeconomy in Finland

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11123293 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3293

Author(s):

Jukka Luhas ◽

Mirja Mikkilä ◽

Ville Uusitalo ◽

Lassi Linnanen

Keyword(s):

Narrative Analysis ◽

Economies Of Scale ◽

Construction Material ◽

Product Diversification ◽

Future Research ◽

Network Development ◽

The Past ◽

Dominant Market Position ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Lock In

The forest-based bioproduct field has diversified into the chemical, medical, energy, nanoproduct, and construction material sectors. This paper argues that forest-based bioeconomy has kept the focus on conventional products and new bioproducts have primarily been developed as extensions to existing product portfolios due to a lock-in mechanism, i.e., a state where an economy gradually locks itself to a dominant market position due to technical interrelatedness, economies of scale, and quasi-irreversibility of investment. The study examines forest-based product transition in the context of lock-in mechanisms through narrative analysis over the past 170 years. A theoretical framework is formulated based on complex system studies and the economics of lock-in mechanisms. The relation between the lock-in mechanisms of the regime and product diversification is described for the forest-based bioeconomy in Finland. The study supports previous findings indicating that interactions occur between the lock-in mechanisms. Furthermore, lock-in mechanisms can have a neutral, adverse, or beneficial effect on product diversification. The paper extends knowledge about the role and functioning of lock-in mechanisms in changing market environments. Recent trends in network development and foreign investment, and their effects on industrial symbiosis and product diversification, is recommendable to consider in future research.

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Observations of the continuum near the galactic centre

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900101305 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 405

Author(s):

F. J. Kerr

Keyword(s):

Galactic Centre ◽

The Past ◽

Centre Region ◽

The Continuum

A continuum survey of the galactic-centre region has been carried out at Parkes at 20 cm wavelength over the areal11= 355° to 5°,b11= -3° to +3° (Kerr and Sinclair 1966, 1967). This is a larger region than has been covered in such surveys in the past. The observations were done as declination scans.

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The Origin of the Moon and its Relationship to the Origin of the Solar System

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900178192 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 133-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Harold C. Urey

Keyword(s):

Solar System ◽

The Moon ◽

The Past ◽

The Earth ◽

Short Period ◽

Origin Of The Moon

During the last 10 years, the writer has presented evidence indicating that the Moon was captured by the Earth and that the large collisions with its surface occurred within a surprisingly short period of time. These observations have been a continuous preoccupation during the past years and some explanation that seemed physically possible and reasonably probable has been sought.

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On The Possibility of an Autonomous History of Modern Southeast Asia

Journal of Southeast Asian History ◽

10.1017/s0084255900007944 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 73-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John R. W. Small

Keyword(s):

Southeast Asia ◽

Contemporary History ◽

The Past ◽

History Of

It is generally accepted that history is an element of culture and the historian a member of society, thus, in Croce's aphorism, that the only true history is contemporary history. It follows from this that when there occur great changes in the contemporary scene, there must also be great changes in historiography, that the vision not merely of the present but also of the past must change.

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Stellar Evolution

Transactions of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0251107x00022343 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 11 (02) ◽

pp. 137-143

Author(s):

M. Schwarzschild

Keyword(s):

Solar System ◽

Stellar Evolution ◽

Space Craft ◽

New Techniques ◽

Substantial Body ◽

Individual Stars ◽

The Past ◽

Evolution Of Galaxies ◽

History Of ◽

Fast Flow

It is perhaps one of the most important characteristics of the past decade in astronomy that the evolution of some major classes of astronomical objects has become accessible to detailed research. The theory of the evolution of individual stars has developed into a substantial body of quantitative investigations. The evolution of galaxies, particularly of our own, has clearly become a subject for serious research. Even the history of the solar system, this close-by intriguing puzzle, may soon make the transition from being a subject of speculation to being a subject of detailed study in view of the fast flow of new data obtained with new techniques, including space-craft.

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Novae in the Magellanic Clouds

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100073334 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 96-101

Author(s):

J.A. Graham

Keyword(s):

Large Magellanic Cloud ◽

Magellanic Cloud ◽

Magellanic Clouds ◽

University Of Michigan ◽

The Past ◽

Spectroscopic Information ◽

Objective Prism ◽

The University ◽

Small Cloud ◽

Low Dispersion

During the past several years, a systematic search for novae in the Magellanic Clouds has been carried out at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. The Curtis Schmidt telescope, on loan to CTIO from the University of Michigan is used to obtain plates every two weeks during the observing season. An objective prism is used on the telescope. This provides additional low-dispersion spectroscopic information when a nova is discovered. The plates cover an area of 5°x5°. One plate is sufficient to cover the Small Magellanic Cloud and four are taken of the Large Magellanic Cloud with an overlap so that the central bar is included on each plate. The methods used in the search have been described by Graham and Araya (1971). In the CTIO survey, 8 novae have been discovered in the Large Cloud but none in the Small Cloud. The survey was not carried out in 1974 or 1976. During 1974, one nova was discovered in the Small Cloud by MacConnell and Sanduleak (1974).

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