scholarly journals An Automatic Lab-on-Disc System for Blood Typing

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaw-Jen Chang ◽  
Yi-Hua Fan ◽  
Shia-Chung Chen ◽  
Kuan-Hua Lee ◽  
Liao-Yong Lou

A blood-typing assay is a critical test to ensure the serological compatibility of a donor and an intended recipient prior to a blood transfusion. This article presents a lab-on-disc blood-typing system to conduct a total of eight assays for a patient, including forward-typing tests, reverse-typing tests, and irregular-antibody tests. These assays are carried out in a microfluidic disc simultaneously. A blood-typing apparatus was designed to automatically manipulate the disc. The blood type can be determined by integrating the results of red blood cell (RBC) agglutination in the microchannels. The experimental results of our current 40 blood samples show that the results agree with those examined in the hospital. The accuracy reaches 97.5%.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
Michiyo Nakahara ◽  
Miyuki Teratani ◽  
Koki Yakushiji ◽  
Fumiatsu Yakushiji ◽  
Hiroshi Fujita

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of transport using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on blood samples for cross-matching tests in the transfusion of red blood cell solution. Materials and methods: Two bags of red blood cell (RBC) solution (blood type, A, RBC#1 and #2; 280 mL per bag) were obtained from the Japan Red Cross Society. The RBC solution in each bag was further separated into three bags (93 mL per bag). The UAV group consisted of RBC solution with a segment tube containing the whole blood in a temperature controlled cooler box transported using an UAV. The control group consisted of RBC solution with a segment tube containing the whole blood in an in-house refrigerator that was not transported. Samples from the RBC solution were collected on day 10 (2 days before transport) and day 13 (day after transport), and lactate dehydrogenase (LD), potassium, blood sugar, and lactic acid levels were measured. After transport, cross-matching tests were performed using whole blood in the segment tubes and patient`s blood (blood type, type A). Results: We compared the biochemistry between the UAV and control group and found no significant differences, except for LD level. Although the LD level in the UAV group slightly increased compared with that in the control group, the whole blood containing the segment tubes was not hemolyzed, and cross-matching tests were performed. Conclusion: We could fly and transport an RBC solution with segment tubes using an UAV, and this mode of transport did not affect the cross-matching tests, despite mild hemolysis in the RBC solutions.


Author(s):  
Tigor Pandapotan Sianturi ◽  
Betty Agustina Tambunan

A compatibility test as part of a pre-transfusion test is mandatory to ensure blood compatibility between patients anddonors. Diamed-ID as the first gel-based product is commonly used as a reference for the compatibility test. The presence ofnew products such as DG Gel Coombs encourages research to compare them with reference methods. This study aimed toanalyze the suitability of DG Gel Coombs to Diamed-ID in the compatibility test with the same sample. This cross-sectionalanalytic observational study was conducted during November 2017-February 2018 at the Blood Transfusion Unit Dr.Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya using blood samples (n=40), which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Simultaneoustesting of the two products was according to the manufacturing requirements of each product (using different LISS reagentsfor red blood cell suspensions and centrifugation arrangements). The suitability of results was tested with Cohen's kappaand significant differences with McNemar. There was a minimum suitability of DG Gel Coombs to Diamed-ID for majorcompatibility tests, κ 0.307 (95% CI: -0.029-0.643), significance 0.007 (p < 0.05) and moderate for minor, κ 0,678 (95% CI:0.454-0.903), significance <0.0001 (p < 0.05). McNemar's significance was 0.016 (p < 0.05) for major compatibility test and0.031 (p < 0.05) for minor. Referring to Diamed-ID's results, false negatives were found on DG Gel Coombs for majorcompatibility tests (n=7) and minor (n=6). The suitability of results from DG Gel Coombs and Diamed-ID is not strong forcompatibility testing.


Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Zhao ◽  
Haibo Yu ◽  
Yangdong Wen ◽  
Hao Luo ◽  
Boliang Jia ◽  
...  

Counting the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood samples is a common clinical diagnostic procedure, but conventional methods are unable to provide the size and other physical properties...


Author(s):  
Adam Attila Matrai ◽  
Gabor Varga ◽  
Bence Tanczos ◽  
Barbara Barath ◽  
Adam Varga ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND: The effects of temperature on micro-rheological variables have not been completely revealed yet. OBJECTIVE: To investigate micro-rheological effects of heat treatment in human, rat, dog, and porcine blood samples. METHODS: Red blood cell (RBC) - buffer suspensions were prepared and immersed in a 37, 40, and 43°C heat-controlled water bath for 10 minutes. Deformability, as well as mechanical stability of RBCs were measured in ektacytometer. These tests were also examined in whole blood samples at various temperatures, gradually between 37 and 45°C in the ektacytometer. RESULTS: RBC deformability significantly worsened in the samples treated at 40 and 43°C degrees, more expressed in human, porcine, rat, and in smaller degree in canine samples. The way of heating (incubation vs. ektacytometer temperation) and the composition of the sample (RBC-PBS suspension or whole blood) resulted in the different magnitude of RBC deformability deterioration. Heating affected RBC membrane (mechanical) stability, showing controversial alterations. CONCLUSION: Significant changes occur in RBC deformability by increasing temperature, showing inter-species differences. The magnitude of alterations is depending on the way of heating and the composition of the sample. The results may contribute to better understanding the micro-rheological deterioration in hyperthermia or fever.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  

More and more data is coming in recent times about hazards of blood transfusion. In a landmark TRICC1 trial Euvolemic patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with Hb<9 g/dl were randomized to a restrictive transfusion strategy for transfusion of PRBCs (transfused if Hb<7 g/dl to maintain Hb between 7 and 9 g/dl) or a liberal strategy (transfused if Hb<10 g/dl to maintain Hb 10-12 g/dl). Mortality was similar in both groups, indicating that liberal transfusions were not beneficial. An Updated Report by the American Society of AnaesthesiologistsTask Force on Perioperative Blood Management tells us restrictive red blood cell transfusion strategy may be safely used to reduce transfusion administration. It further states that The determination of whether hemoglobin concentrations between 6 and 10 g/dl justify or require red blood cell transfusion should be based on potential or actual on going bleeding (rate and magnitude), intravascular volume status, signs of organ ischemia, and adequacy of cardiopulmonary reserve. Should we extrapolate these guidelines in Cardiac surgery? TRACS2 trial concluded that among patients undergoing cardiac surgery, the use of a restrictive perioperative transfusion strategy compared with a more liberal strategy resulted in noninferior rates of the combined outcome of 30-day all-cause mortality and severe morbidity.They advocated use of restrictive strategy, but 5 years later, the authors 3concluded that A restrictive transfusion threshold after cardiac surgery was not superior to a liberal threshold with respect to morbidity or health care costs. With this conflicting evidence, by which way anaesthesiologist to go?


2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (43) ◽  
pp. 1717-1723
Author(s):  
Sándor Pál ◽  
Barbara Réger ◽  
Tamás Kiss ◽  
Hussain Alizadeh ◽  
András Vereczkei ◽  
...  

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A COVID–19-világjárvány betegellátásra gyakorolt hatása hazánkban is jelentős. A vérellátást nehezítette a járványügyi intézkedések következményeként a véradási események elmaradása, a csökkent véradási hajlandóság, továbbá a nehezen megítélhető vérkészítményigény . A „Patient Blood Management” irányelveinek az orvosi gyakorlatban történő egyre szélesebb körű alkalmazása elősegíti az optimális vérkészítmény-felhasználást a transzfúziók lehetőség szerinti elkerülésével. Célkitűzés és módszer: Vizsgálatunk célja a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Klinikai Központjának Janus Pannonius Klinikai Tömbjében a vérkészítmény-felhasználás változásainak felmérése volt a 2020. év első öt hónapjában. Eredmények: A járványügyi intézkedéseket követő időszakban szignifikánsan csökkent a hospitalizált betegeknek (34,08%), a transzfúziót igénylő betegeknek (39,69%) és a felhasznált vörösvérsejt-készítményeknek (46,41%) a száma, valamint az egy betegre jutó felhasznált vörösvérsejt-koncentrátum átlaga (2,61-ről 1,97-re) is. Közel 30%-os arányban csökkent a felhasznált friss fagyasztott plazma egységeinek és a thrombocytakoncentrátumoknak a száma is. Következtetés: A szigorú korlátozások életbe léptetését követően a nehézségek ellenére sikerült elegendő mennyiségű vérkészítményt biztosítani a betegeknek. Az Országos Vérellátó Szolgálat Pécsi Regionális Vérellátó Központja munkatársainak és a klinikusok erőfeszítéseinek köszönhetően a vérkészítményigény és -kínálat között új egyensúly alakult ki, mely megfelelő ellátást biztosított a feltétlenül szükséges transzfúziók kivitelezéséhez. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(43): 1717–1723. Summary. Introduction: The impact of COVID–19 pandemic on patient care is pronounced also in Hungary. Blood supply was hindered by the reduction of public blood donation events, the reduced willingness to donate, and the difficult predictability of blood product demand as a result of the epidemiological regulations. The wider application of Patient Blood Management guidelines in the medical practice will promote optimal blood product utilization by avoiding transfusions where possible. Objective and method: The aim of our study was to assess the changes in the usage of blood products in the first five months of 2020 at the Clinical Center of the University of Pécs, Janus Pannonius Clinical Building. Results: In the period following the epidemiological measures, we found reduction in the number of hospitalized patients (34.08%), in the number of patients requiring transfusion (39.69%) and in the number of red blood cell products used (46.41%). The number of transfused red blood cell concentrates per patient was also significantly reduced (from 2.61 to 1.97) in this period. The number of transfused fresh frozen plasma units and platelet concentrates also decreased by approximately 30%. Conclusion: After the implementation of the strict restrictions, despite the difficulties, it was possible to provide patients with sufficient blood products. Due to the efforts of both the Regional Blood Transfusion Center of Pécs of the Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service and of the clinicians, a new balance was established between the demand and the supply of blood products, which provided adequate care for the necessary transfusions. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(43): 1717–1723.


1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-545
Author(s):  
Kenji Taki ◽  
Koji Murakami ◽  
Takae Kawamura ◽  
Mieko Takamura ◽  
Reiji Wakusawa

Author(s):  
Chris Cooper

For a long time, synthetic biologists have attempted to manufacture an artificial, easily stored and transported, blood substitute that does not require blood typing, is long lasting, and can be guaranteed pathogen free. Three different methods have been attempted to replace red blood cell transfusions: the use of perfluorocarbons, inert chemicals that, in liquid form, can dissolve gases without reacting with them; creating a haemoglobin-based blood substitute—but despite almost a billion dollars of research and development there is not one in general use today; and growing artificial red blood cells using stem cell technology—but doing this safely, reproducibly, and in large amounts is a huge bioengineering challenge.


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