scholarly journals Comparison of Change in Hindfoot Alignment with Coleman Block Testing Using Clinical Exam, X-ray, and Weight-bearing CT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0004
Author(s):  
Ian Foran ◽  
Nasima Mehraban ◽  
Stephen K. Jacobsen ◽  
Daniel D. Bohl ◽  
Kamran S. Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Hindfoot Alignment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clinical Exam ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Block Test ◽  
Weightbearing Ct

Category: Hindfoot; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The Coleman block test has traditionally been used to distinguish between forefoot- and hindfoot-driven deformity as well as flexibility of cavovarus deformity. However, there has been no validation of the Coleman block test using x- rays or weightbearing CT scan. The purpose of this study was to compare hindfoot alignment in cavovarus feet with and without the Coleman block using clinical exam, x-ray, and weightbearing CT scan. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 7 feet in 7 patients. The average age was 57, there were 5 males, and the average BMI was 34.7. Average calcaneal pitch was 30 degrees. Clinical measurements were made using standing talocalcaneal angle (STCA) and resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP) with and without a Coleman block using a camera positioned at 0 degrees to the heels. Hindfoot angle (HFA) was measured off of Saltzman-view x-rays and off of weightbearing CT coronal reconstructions with and without the Coleman block. Finally, foot ankle offset (FAO) was measured with and without the Coleman block from weightbearing CT using Cubeview TALAS software. Differences before and after Coleman block were measured using paired t- testing and correlations between different hindfoot alignment measurements were made using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results:: The average change in STCA before and after Coleman block placement was 2.9 degrees (7.14 varus without block, 4.28 degrees of varus with block; p<0.05). The average change in hindfoot angle before and after Coleman block using X-ray was 7.4 degrees (14 degrees varus without block, 6 degrees varus with block; p=0.08), and using CT was 3.9 degrees (14 degrees varus without block, 10 degrees varus with block; p= 0.06). There was no significant change in FAO before and after Coleman block testing. STCA was best-correlated with FAO (R= 0.7, p<0.05). CT HFA was also well-correlated with FAO (R=0.68, p<0.05). There was lesser correlation between X-ray HFA and FAO (R=0.608, p<0.05) and X-ray HFA and SCTA (p=0.63, p<0.05). Conclusion:: Although Coleman block testing resulted in a decrease in varus, no patient had full re-constitution of physiologic hindfoot valgus with any measurement method. This suggests that either the forefoot was a partial (but never a complete) ‘driver’ of hindfoot varus deformity, or that there was some degree of rigidity in all patients tested. FAO did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference with and without Coleman block on this small sample size. FAO was best correlated with both clinical exam and CT HFA measurements. Clinical exam and weightbearing CT may be more reliable than radiographs in measuring cavovarus hindfoot alignment. [Figure: see text]

scholarly journals Therapeutic effect of cycloserine combined with anti-tuberculosis drugs in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Mabin Si ◽  
Zhihui Li ◽  
Xiulei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Case Detection Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Chest X Ray

Purpose: The present study analyzes the comprehensive therapeutic effect of cycloserine, in combination with anti-tuberculosis drugs using chest X-ray and chest CT (computed tomography) scan techniques. Methods: A total of 90 patients, diagnosed with multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) were subjected to chest x-ray and CT scan before and after treatment in the two groups. Different views such as sagittal, coronal, lung window and multiplanar imaging of mediastinal window were taken. Some parameters such as case detection rate (CDR) in chest X-ray and CT scan and comprehensive curative effect were observed in two groups. Further, the changes in chest CT signs in addition to absorption of focus, cavity closure and changes in CT extra pulmonary signs were also observed. Results: The clinical profile of the patients and the course of disease were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Total effectiveness rate and case detection rate (CDR) values exhibited a significant difference between the groups (p < 0.05). Lung consolidation, nodules and cavities significantly improved in both groups before and after the treatment (p < 0.05). Both groups showed significant improvements in extrapulmonary signs in CT scan (p < 0.05) after the treatment. Conclusion: Based on the study outcomes, the CT scan method has good potentials for diagnosing and treating MDR TB at the early stages. Further, it can clarify the signs and outcomes of the disease at early stages, thus providing the medical fraternity a great opportunity to cure the disease.

Preliminary Study on the Anti-radiation Effect of Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsue-yin Hsu ◽  
Yau-hui Ho ◽  
Shi-Iong Lian ◽  
Chun-ching Lin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Radiation Effect ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Different Doses

Six to seven week old male mice of ICR strain were exposed to different doses of x-rays to determine if Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang could be a modifier in the elimination of radiation damage. Colony forming units of bone marrow cells in the spleen (CFUs) were measured before and after x-ray irradiation with intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/20 g or 20 mg/20 g body weight of Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang, once a day for seven consecutive days. The recovery of CFUs and hemocytes counts by 4 Gy irradiation with Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang administration was faster for a concentration of 20 mg/20 g than 10 mg/20 g. The measurement of 10-day CFUs showed an increase of radiotolerance in the treatment of 20 mg/20 g administration before x-ray irradiation. The injection of Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang accelerated the recovery of hemocyte counts in mice irradiated with 4 Gy x-ray; the effect was especially profound for leukocytes with 20 mg/20 g Jen-Sheng-Yang-Yung-Tang administration after irradiation.

scholarly journals Patient Knowledge Regarding Radiation Exposure from Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0015
Author(s):  
Daniel Bohl ◽  
Blaine Manning ◽  
George Holmes ◽  
Simon Lee ◽  
Johnny Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
X Ray

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Foot and ankle surgeons routinely prescribe diagnostic imaging that exposes patients to potentially harmful ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study is to characterize patients’ knowledge regarding radiation exposure associated with common forms of foot and ankle imaging. Methods: A survey was administered to all new patients prior to their first foot and ankle clinic appointments. Patients were asked to compare the amount of harmful radiation associated with chest x-rays to that associated with various types of foot and ankle imaging. Results were tabulated and compared to actual values of radiation exposure from the published literature. Results: A total of 890 patients were invited to participate, of whom 791 (88.9%) completed the survey. The majority of patients believed that a foot x-ray, an ankle x-ray, a “low dose” CT scan of the foot and ankle (alluding to cone-beam CT), and a traditional CT scan of the foot and ankle all contain similar amounts of harmful ionizing radiation to a chest x-ray (Table 1). This is in contrast to the published literature, which suggests that foot x-rays, ankle x-rays, cone beam CT scans of the foot and ankle, and traditional CT scans of the foot and ankle expose patients to 0.006, 0.006, 0.127, and 0.833 chest x-rays worth of radiation. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that patients greatly over-estimate the amount of harmful ionizing radiation associated with plain film and cone-beam CT scans of the foot and ankle. Interestingly, their estimates of radiation associated with traditional CT scans of the foot and ankle were relatively accurate. Results suggest that patients may benefit from increased counseling by surgeons regarding the relatively low risk of radiation exposure associated with plain film and cone-beam CT imaging of the foot and ankle.

Ultrasound Detection of Pneumothorax Compared with Chest X-Ray and Computed Tomography Scan

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanjan Nagarsheth ◽  
Stanley Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Thoracic Ultrasound ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

Pneumothorax after trauma can be a life threatening injury and its care requires expeditious and accurate diagnosis and possible intervention. We performed a prospective, single blinded study with convenience sampling at a Level I trauma center comparing thoracic ultrasound with chest X-ray and CT scan in the detection of traumatic pneumothorax. Trauma patients that received a thoracic ultrasound, chest X-ray, and chest CT scan were included in the study. The chest X-rays were read by a radiologist who was blinded to the thoracic ultrasound results. Then both were compared with CT scan results. One hundred and twenty-five patients had a thoracic ultrasound performed in the 24-month period. Forty-six patients were excluded from the study due to lack of either a chest X-ray or chest CT scan. Of the remaining 79 patients there were 22 positive pneumothorax found by CT and of those 18 (82%) were found on ultrasound and 7 (32%) were found on chest X-ray. The sensitivity of thoracic ultrasound was found to be 81.8 per cent and the specificity was found to be 100 per cent. The sensitivity of chest X-ray was found to be 31.8 per cent and again the specificity was found to be 100 per cent. The negative predictive value of thoracic ultrasound for pneumothorax was 0.934 and the negative predictive value for chest X-ray for pneumothorax was found to be 0.792. We advocate the use of chest ultrasound for detection of pneumothorax in trauma patients.

Patient Knowledge Regarding Radiation Exposure From Foot and Ankle Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaine T. Manning ◽  
Daniel D. Bohl ◽  
Alexander J. P. Idarraga ◽  
George B. Holmes ◽  
Simon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Imaging Results

Foot and ankle surgeons routinely prescribe diagnostic imaging that exposes patients to potentially harmful ionizing radiation. It is unclear how well patients understand the radiation to which they are exposed. In this study, 946 consecutive new patients were surveyed regarding medical imaging and radiation exposure prior to their first appointment. Respondents compared the amount of radiation associated with chest X-rays (CXRs) with various types of foot and ankle imaging. Results were compared with actual values of radiation exposure from the published literature. Of 946 patients surveyed, 841 (88.9%) participated. Most had private insurance (82.8%) and a bachelor’s degree or higher (60.6%). Most believed that foot X-ray, ankle X-ray, “low dose” foot and ankle computed tomography (CT) scan (alluding to cone-beam CT), and traditional foot and ankle CT scan contain similar amounts of ionizing radiation to CXR. This contradicts the published literature that suggests that the actual exposure to patients is 0.006, 0.006, 0.127, and 0.833 CXR equivalents of radiation, respectively. Of patients who had undergone an X-ray, 55.9% thought about the issue of radiation prior to the study, whereas 46.1% of those undergoing a CT scan considered radiation prior to the exam. Similarly, 35.2% and 27.6% reported their doctor having discussed radiation with them prior to obtaining an X-ray and CT scan, respectively. Patients greatly overestimate the radiation exposure associated with plain film X-rays and cone-beam CT scans of the foot and ankle, and may benefit from increased counseling regarding the relatively low radiation exposure associated with these imaging modalities. Level of Evidence: Level III: Prospective questionnaire

scholarly journals A Comparative Systematic Literature Review on Knee Bone Reports from MRI, X-Rays and CT Scans Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning Methodologies

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsa Khalid ◽  
Muzammil Hussain ◽  
Mohammed A. Al Ghamdi ◽  
Tayyaba Khalid ◽  
Khadija Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Learning Techniques

The purpose of this research was to provide a “systematic literature review” of knee bone reports that are obtained by MRI, CT scans, and X-rays by using deep learning and machine learning techniques by comparing different approaches—to perform a comprehensive study on the deep learning and machine learning methodologies to diagnose knee bone diseases by detecting symptoms from X-ray, CT scan, and MRI images. This study will help those researchers who want to conduct research in the knee bone field. A comparative systematic literature review was conducted for the accomplishment of our work. A total of 32 papers were reviewed in this research. Six papers consist of X-rays of knee bone with deep learning methodologies, five papers cover the MRI of knee bone using deep learning approaches, and another five papers cover CT scans of knee bone with deep learning techniques. Another 16 papers cover the machine learning techniques for evaluating CT scans, X-rays, and MRIs of knee bone. This research compares the deep learning methodologies for CT scan, MRI, and X-ray reports on knee bone, comparing the accuracy of each technique, which can be used for future development. In the future, this research will be enhanced by comparing X-ray, CT-scan, and MRI reports of knee bone with information retrieval and big data techniques. The results show that deep learning techniques are best for X-ray, MRI, and CT scan images of the knee bone to diagnose diseases.

scholarly journals A detailed X-ray investigation of ζ Puppis

2018 ◽  
Vol 609 ◽  
pp. A81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaël Nazé ◽  
Tahina Ramiaramanantsoa ◽  
Ian R. Stevens ◽  
Ian D. Howarth ◽  
Anthony F. J. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Line Shapes ◽  
Cyclic Behaviour ◽  
Flux Change ◽  
Before And After

Context. One of the optically brightest and closest massive stars, ζ Pup, is also a bright X-ray source. Previously, its X-ray emission was found to be variable with light curves harbouring “trends” with a typical timescale longer than the exposure length, i.e. >1 d. The origin of these changes was proposed to be linked to large-scale structures in the wind of ζ Pup, but further characterization of the variability at high energies was needed to investigate this scenario. Aims. Since the previous papers of this series, a number of new X-ray observations have become available. Furthermore, a cyclic behaviour with a 1.78 d period was identified in long optical photometric runs, which is thought to be associated with the launching mechanism of large-scale wind structures. Methods. We analysed these new X-ray data, revisited the old data, and compared the X-ray light curves with the optical data, notably those taken simultaneously. Results. The behaviour of ζ Pup in X-rays cannot be explained in terms of a perfect clock because the amplitude and shape of its variations change with time. For example, ζ Pup was much more strongly variable between 2007 and 2011 than before and after this interval. Comparing the X-ray spectra of the star at maximum and minimum brightness yields no compelling difference beyond the overall flux change: the temperatures, absorptions, and line shapes seem to remain constant, well within errors. The only common feature between X-ray datasets is that the variation amplitudes appear maximum in the medium (0.6–1.2 keV) energy band. Finally, no clear and coherent correlation can be found between simultaneous X-ray and optical data. Only a subgroup of observations may be combined coherently with the optical period of 1.78 d, although the simultaneous optical behaviour is unknown. Conclusions. The currently available data do not reveal any obvious, permanent, and direct correlation between X-ray and optical variations. The origin of the X-ray variability therefore still needs to be ascertained, highlighting the need for long-term monitoring in multiwavelengths, i.e. X-ray, UV, and optical.

scholarly journals Radiographic Characterization of Midfoot and Transverse Tarsal Joint Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0015
Author(s):  
Alexander Caughman ◽  
Christopher E. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Plain Radiographs ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tarsal Joint

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The burden of midfoot arthritis is staggering. Foot osteoarthritis affects over 16% of all adults over the age of 50, interfering with activities of daily living and leisure. Non-operative management often culminates in fluoroscopic guidance injections. Its management is troublesome for surgeons as conservative treatment is maximized because its surgical solution is oftentimes fraught with nonunions and other complications. The purpose of this study was to see how well surgeons are able to predict midfoot and transverse tarsal joint osteoarthritis on x-rays as it compares to CT and MRI scans. Methods: We reviewed the records of 117 patients (146 feet) with a diagnosis code of midfoot osteoarthritis who were treated from 2015 to 2019 at an academic medical center by a single surgeon. The mean age was 63.2 +- 10.7 years. The average BMI was 31.2 +- 6.4. Each of those patients had both plain radiographs and either a CT or MRI scan. Patients had weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs according to a standardized protocol. Radiographs and advanced images were graded separately for the presence of joint space narrowing, subchondral cysts, and other signs of arthritis. We then compared how frequently a radiograph predicted an arthritic midfoot or transverse tarsal joint as compared to a CT scan or MRI using a paired t test. Results: The most common joints affected by arthritis were the 2nd TMT (83.5% by X-ray; 88.4% by CT) and 3rd TMT (71.9% by X-ray; 68.4% by CT). Advanced imaging showed a significantly higher rate of arthritis in the 1st, 4th, and 5th TMT as compared to X-rays. Only 20.2% of patients’ radiographs had a direct correlation with their CT scan. A CT scan showed one or two more affected joints by 23.6% and 17.6 % respectively, and rarely showed one or two less joints affected by arthritis, 6.8% and 0.6% respectively. Based on this data, a radiograph’s sensitivity and specificity vary wildly-from 86.0% and 57.8%, respectfully in the 3rd TMT to 43.8% and 96.0%, respectfully in the 1st TMT. Conclusion: Radiographs vary quite drastically in their sensitivities and specificities in diagnosing osteoarthritic joints in the midfoot and transverse tarsal joints. If intending to treat midfoot osteoarthritis with fluoroscopic injections, we recommend not relying on plain radiographs, but advanced imaging.

scholarly journals Role of early CT scan in diagnosis of occult scaphoid fractures- a prospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4072
Author(s):  
Omeshwar Singh ◽  
Anuradha Sen ◽  
Sumeet Singh Charak ◽  
Shakeel Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Scaphoid Bone ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scaphoid Fractures ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background: Wrists injuries are one of the common presentations to emergency departments and orthopaedic clinics. The scaphoid bone is the most commonly injured of the carpal bones accounting for 50-80% of carpal injuries and predominantly occurs in young healthy individuals. Scaphoid fractures are the most problematic to diagnose in a clinical setting because it can take up to 6 weeks for scaphoid fractures to become conclusive on plain X-ray films. Aim of the study was to retrospective study was carried out to study the role of early CT scan in diagnosis of occult scaphoid fractures.Methods: A total of 123 patients presented with an acute wrist injury with subsequent signs of scaphoid injury in the absence of a diagnostic fracture on plain X-ray within the time period from June 2014 to May 2016 in a tertiary care centre.Results: This study shows that 31% of normal X-rays were pathological on CT scan and out of these; scaphoid fractures (74% of pathologies) represent a large number of patients with fractures that were missed by initial plain films.Conclusions: This study shows an extremely high false-negative rate for plain X-rays and advocate CT at the first attendance to fracture clinic if there is suspicion of scaphoid injury. An earlier diagnosis leads to appropriate management and reduces restrictions to the patient in terms of prolonged immobilization and repeated clinical reviews.

scholarly journals Effective Survey on Detection and Classification of COVID-19 Suspected Individual Using CT scan Images

2021 ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
Snehal R. Sambhe ◽  
Dr. Kamlesh A. Waghmare
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Feature Extractor ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Aided Diagnosis ◽  
Excessive Risk

As insufficient testing kits are available, the development of new testing kits for detecting COVID remains an open vicinity of research. It’s impossible to test each and every patient suffering from coronavirus symptoms using the traditional method i.e. RT-PCR. This test requires more time to produce results and have less sensitivity. Detecting feasible coronavirus infection using chest X-Ray may also assist quarantine excessive risk sufferers while testing results are disclosed. A learning model can be built based on CT scan images or Chest X-rays of individuals with higher accuracy. This paper represents a computer-aided diagnosis of COVID 19 infection bases on a feature extractor by using CNN models.

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