scholarly journals Risk of Complications of Vitrectomy for Floaters Based on Attached or Detached Status of Posterior Hyaloid Face

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Rubina Rahman ◽  
Jack Gormley ◽  
John Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Retinal Break ◽  
Posterior Hyaloid ◽  
Retinal Breaks

Purpose: To ascertain whether posterior hyaloid face (PHF) status (attached vs detached) affects the risk of intraoperative retinal breaks and number of operations in patients undergoing vitrectomy for floaters. Methods: Consecutive, comparative single-surgeon case series. All patients undergoing vitrectomy for visually disabling floaters between July 2003 and June 2016 were included in this study. Data were collected prospectively into a vitreoretinal database and reviewed retrospectively for the purpose of the study.The following data were collected on each patient: age in years, sex, axial length (mm), presence of myopia, pre- and postoperative visual acuity in logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution. The status of the PHF was ascertained using preoperative clinical and optical coherence tomography assessment that was confirmed intraoperatively. The presence or absence of a retinal break was considered the primary outcome measure. Significant visual loss (reduction in ≥2 log units visual acuity), number of operations, and time from surgery to discharge were considered the secondary outcomes. Sequential multiple logistic and Cox regression analyses were conducted. Results: Data were collected from 97 patients (55 males and 42 females). Indications for surgery were Fuchs heterochromic cyclitis (9 patients), asteroid hyalosis (12 patients), and vitreous syneresis (76 patients). Twenty-one patients were pseudophakic on presentation, while 76 underwent combined phacovitrectomy. Vitreous status was significantly associated with retinal breaks ( P = .010). Controlling for other parameters, the odds of a retinal break in patients with PHF attached were about 5.5 times those in patients with PHF detached (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52 -20.4). Number of operations was also significantly associated with this outcome ( P = .027); the odds of a retinal break increase by 6.28 times (95% CI, 1.23 -32.1). A substantive difference in the proportion of patients with retinal breaks was observed between the 2 groups, with a 50% prevalence rate in the attached group and a 9.1% prevalence rate in the detached group. Vitreous status was not associated with either secondary outcome measures. Number of operations was also significantly associated with time to discharge ( P = .008; hazard ratio, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.30 -5.91) in a multiple Cox model. Hence an increasing number of operations is associated with longer time to discharge. Conclusion: The analysis has found evidence to link vitreous status with the primary outcome of the presence of a retinal break. Particular care should be taken in, cases with vitreous attached status, to prevent missed breaks and subsequent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

scholarly journals Drain Fluid Cryo-Explant Technique for Treatment of Superior Bullous Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Solaiman ◽  
Mahmoud A Alaswad ◽  
Ashraf Mahrous ◽  
Khaled Salah ◽  
Hesham A Enany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Retinal Break ◽  
Retinal Breaks ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Drain Fluid ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the Drain Fluid Cryo-Explant (DFCE) technique for management of uncomplicated superior bullous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: A retrospective interventional case series study that included eyes with uncomplicated superior bullous RRD and a duration less than one month. The DFCE technique which involved sequential drainage of subretinal fluid (SRF), intravitreal fluid injection, cryotherapy and placement of a scleral explant(s). The primary outcome measure was the anatomical reposition of the retina after a single surgery. Secondary outcome measures included improvement in visual acuity and any reported complication related to the procedure. Results: The study included 52 eyes (52 patients) with a mean duration of retinal detachment 19.7±6.4 days. A single retinal break was found in 31 eyes (59.6%) and more than one break were found in 21 eyes (40.4%). The mean detached area per eye was 6.3±2.8 clock hours, and the macula was detached in 23 eyes (44.2%). The mean number of breaks per eye was 1.72±1.04. Flattening of the retina and closure of all retinal breaks were achieved in all eyes. Late recurrence of RD occurred in 2 eyes (3.9%) due to PVR. No retinal incarceration or retinal folding were reported. Conclusions: DFCE is an economic technique that could be effectively used for treatment of uncomplicated superior bullous RRD. It provides good visualization during surgery that allows accurate localization of all retinal breaks, proper placement of a relatively low buckle and precise application of cryotherapy to all margins of the retinal break(s).

scholarly journals Internal Limiting Membrane Flap in the Management of Retinal Detachment due to Paracentral Retinal Breaks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yen-Chih Chen ◽  
Chung-May Yang ◽  
San-Ni Chen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Internal Limiting Membrane ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Membrane Peeling ◽  
Retinal Breaks

Purpose. To describe the technique and outcomes of using either inverted or free internal limiting membrane flap in the management of retinal detachment due to paracentral retinal breaks. Methods. This retrospective observational case series includes nine patients who received surgery for retinal detachment due to paracentral retinal breaks developed either from primary rhegmatogenous origin, or secondary iatrogenic retinal breaks after prior membrane peeling, or during surgery for tractional retinal detachment. Either inverted or free internal limiting membrane flaps were inserted in the identified breaks, followed by air fluid exchange and gas tamponade. Visual acuity and structural changes were evaluated. Results. Nine eyes were included. One had primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, one had highly myopic eye with peripapillary atrophic hole, three had secondary retinal detachment after membrane peeling for foveoschisis or macular pucker, one had recurrent retinal detachment due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy, one had combination of tractional and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and two had iatrogenic breaks during surgery. The retinal breaks of all eyes were sealed with retina attached postoperatively. Visual acuity in logarithm of minimal angle of resolution improved from 1.18 ± 0.55 preoperatively to 0.74 ± 0.47 postoperatively (p=0.04). Conclusion. Internal limiting membrane flap technique can be a surgical approach selectively for retinal detachment due to paracentral retinal breaks with difficulty for laser application. The retina can be attached successfully and achieve good visual outcome without major complication. This trial is registered with NCT03707015.

scholarly journals Serum syndecan-1 concentration in hospitalized patients with heart failure may predict readmission-free survival

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260350
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Kitagawa ◽  
Itta Kawamura ◽  
Keiko Suzuki ◽  
Hideshi Okada ◽  
Takuma Ishihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
The Relationship

Syndecan-1 is found in the endothelial glycocalyx and is released into the bloodstream during stressed conditions, including severe diseases such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the prognostic value of serum syndecan-1 concentration in patients with heart failure upon admission. Serum syndecan-1 concentration was analyzed in 152 patients who were hospitalized for worsening heart failure from September 2017 to June 2018. The primary outcome of the study was readmission-free survival, defined as the time from the first admission to readmission for worsened heart failure or death from any cause, which was assessed at 30 months after discharge from the hospital. The secondary outcome of the study was survival time. Blood samples and echocardiogram data were analyzed. Univariate and multivariable time-dependent Cox regression analyses adjusted for age, creatinine levels, and use of antibiotics were conducted. The serum syndecan-1 concentration was significantly associated with readmission-free survival. Subsequently, the syndecan-1 concentration may have gradually decreased with treatment. The administration of human atrial natriuretic peptide and antibiotics may have modified the relationship between readmission-free survival and serum syndecan-1 concentration (p = 0.01 and 0.008, respectively). Serum syndecan-1 concentrations, which may indicate injury to the endothelial glycocalyx, predict readmission-free survival in patients with heart failure.

scholarly journals Outcome of pneumatic retinopexy at a tertiary eye care centre in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Thapa ◽  
MK Shrestha ◽  
R Gurung ◽  
S Ruit ◽  
G Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Retinal Break ◽  
Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Pneumatic Retinopexy ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Corrected Distance Visual Acuity

Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is one of the commonly encountered retinal problems where timely treatment could prevent irreversible vision loss. Pneumatic retinopexy (PR) is a simple and minimally invasive procedure for retinal reattachment. Aim: This study aimed to assess the outcome of pneumatic retinopexy in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment at our facility. Study design: This was a retrospective- prospective, interventional case series. Materials and methods: All subjects with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent pneumatic retinopexy at Tilganga Eye Centre of Nepal from January 2002 to June 2007 were included in this study. Results: A total of 32 cases were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 55.2 year (SD=11.0). The majority of cases (62.5%) presented within two weeks of symptoms with blurring of vision in 90% of cases. Pre-operatively, 56.3% (18) patients had a best corrected distance visual acuity of < 6/60. Retinal detachment involving less than two quadrants consisted of 37.5% (12). A single retinal break was present in 78.1% (25) of cases and 87.5% (28) of the retinal breaks were located in the superotemporal quadrant. The macula was attached in 37.5% (12) of the cases. Sulfurhexafluoride and Perfluoropropane were used in 68.8% (22) and 31.3% (10) respectively. The average follow up period was 1.02 years (range one month to four years). The retina was completely attached in 81.3% (26) of cases at the last follow up. The best corrected distance visual acuity of 6/18-6/60 was found in 40.6% (13) of subjects in the last follow up. There was a transient rise in intraocular pressure in 6.3% (2) of subjects after the procedure. Conclusion: The anatomical success rate following pneumatic retinopexy is quite high (81.3%) with good visual recovery and less morbidity translating to higher productivity for the patient. This procedure, being quicker than the alternatives, will also save surgeon's time making PR a good choice for managing primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in countries like Nepal where resources are scarce. Key words: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, retinal break, pneumatic retinopexy, Nepal   doi: 10.3126/kumj.v6i4.1737   Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2008), Vol. 6, No. 4, Issue 24, 466-471  

An International Multi-Center Cohort Study on β-blockers for the Treatment of Symptomatic Children with Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puck J Peltenburg ◽  
Dania Kallas ◽  
Johan M. Bos ◽  
Krystien V. V. Lieve ◽  
Sonia Franciosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
First Occurrence

Background: Symptomatic children with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) are at risk for recurrent arrhythmic events. Beta-blockers (BBs) decrease this risk, but studies comparing individual BBs in sizeable cohorts are lacking. We aimed to assess the association between risk for arrhythmic events and type of BB in a large cohort of symptomatic children with CPVT. Methods: From two international registries of patients with CPVT, RYR2 variant-carrying symptomatic children (defined as syncope or sudden cardiac arrest prior to BB initiation and age at start of BB therapy <18 years), treated with a BB were included. Cox-regression analyses with time-dependent covariates for BB and potential confounders were used to assess the hazard ratio (HR). The primary outcome was the first occurrence of sudden cardiac death, sudden cardiac arrest, appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock, or syncope. The secondary outcome was the first occurrence of any of the primary outcomes except syncope. Results: We included 329 patients (median age at diagnosis 12 [interquartile range, 7-15] years, 35% females). Ninety-nine (30.1%) patients experienced the primary and 74 (22.5%) experienced the secondary outcome during a median follow-up of 6.7 [interquartile range, 2.8-12.5] years. Two-hundred sixteen patients (66.0%) used a non-selective BB (predominantly nadolol [n=140] or propranolol [n=70]) and 111 (33.7%) used a β1-selective BB (predominantly atenolol [n=51], metoprolol [n=33], or bisoprolol [n=19]) as initial BB. Baseline characteristics did not differ. The HR for both the primary and secondary outcomes were higher for β1-selective compared with non-selective BBs (HR, 2.04 95% CI, 1.31-3.17; and HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.20-3.30, respectively). When assessed separately, the HR for the primary outcome was higher for atenolol (HR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.44-4.99), bisoprolol (HR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.47-7.18), and metoprolol (HR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.08-4.40) compared with nadolol, but did not differ from propranolol. The HR of the secondary outcome was only higher in atenolol compared with nadolol (HR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.30-5.55). Conclusions: B1-selective BBs were associated with a significantly higher risk for arrhythmic events in symptomatic children with CPVT compared with non-selective BBs, specifically nadolol. Nadolol, or propranolol if nadolol is unavailable, should be the preferred BB for treating symptomatic children with CPVT.

scholarly journals Extended pharmacological miosis is superfluous after glaucoma angle surgery: A retrospective study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Esfandiari ◽  
Kiana Hassanpour ◽  
Mehdi Yaseri ◽  
Nils A. Loewen
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Trabectome Surgery ◽  
Short And Long Term

Background: Pilocarpine is commonly used after angle surgery for glaucoma despite a host of side effects and risks. We hypothesized that a pharmacological miosis during the first two months does not improve short- and long-term results of trabectome-mediated ab interno trabeculectomy. Methods: In this retrospective comparative 1-year case series, we compared 187 trabectome surgery eyes with (P+) or without (P-) 1% pilocarpine for two months. Primary outcome measures were the surgical success defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤ 21 mmHg and decreased ≥ 20%, and no secondary glaucoma surgery. Secondary outcome measures were the number of glaucoma medications, complications, and IOP. Results: We categorized 86 (46%) eyes as P- and 101 (54%) eyes as P+. The mean age was 69.8±10.1 in P- and 70.5±9.4 in P+ (P=0.617) with equal gender distribution (P=0.38). The cumulative probability of qualified success at 12 months was 78.1% in the P- and 81% in the P+ (P=0.35). The IOP was decreased significantly from 20.2±6.8 mmHg at baseline to 15.0±4.8 mmHg at 12 months follow-up in P- (P=0.001) and 18.8±5.3 and 14.7±4.0, respectively (P=0.001). The medications decreased significantly from 1.4±1.2 in P- and 1.4±1.2 in P+ at baseline to 1.0±1.2 and 0.7±1.0, respectively (P=0.183). P- and P+ did not differ in IOP or medications (all P>0.05). In Multivariate Cox Regression models, the baseline IOP and central corneal thickness were associated with failure. Conclusions: Use of postoperative pilocarpine does not improve the efficacy of trabectome surgery.

scholarly journals Influence of fluid balance on the prognosis of patients with sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luming Zhang ◽  
Fengshuo Xu ◽  
Shaojin Li ◽  
Xiaoyu Zheng ◽  
Shuai Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Survival Difference ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Survival Differences

Abstract Background Early and timely fluid treatment or resuscitation are the basic measures for the active treatment of sepsis. Our aim is to further explore the relationship between fluid balance and prognosis in patients with sepsis on a daily basis for 5 days. Methods Sepsis patients in eICU Collaborative Research Database were divided into the negative balance group (NB/−) and the positive balance group (PB/+) according to daily fluid balance. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Survival differences between the groups were analyzed by using Cox regression. Then dose-response relationship between fluid balance and in-hospital mortality was studied using restricted cubic splines (RCSs). Furthermore, patients with fluid balance data for the previous three consecutive days were selected and divided into eight groups (“+/+/+”, “+/+/−”, “+/ −/−”, “+/ −/+”, “−/ −/−”, “−/ −/+”, “−/+/+”, and “−/+/−”). Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression were used to show the survival difference between groups. Results Our study, which included 19,557 patients in a multicenter database, showed that positive fluid balances on days 1, 2, and 3 after sepsis diagnosis were associated with poor prognosis with the HRs of 1.29 (1.20,1.40), 1.13 (1.01,1.27), and 1.25 (1.08,1.44), respectively, while the fluid balance on days 4 and 5 had no effect on the primary outcome. Then RCSs showed an overall trend that the risk of in-hospital mortality on days 1, 2, and 3 increased with increasing fluid balance. For three consecutive days of fluid balance, we studied 9205 patients and Kaplan–Meier curves revealed survival differences among patients in the eight groups. The cox model demonstrated that compared with the “+/+/+” group, the “+/ −/−”, “−/ −/−”, “−/ −/+”, “−/+/+”, and “−/+/−” groups had a lower risk of in-hospital mortality, with HRs of 0.65 (0.45,0.93), 0.72 (0.60,0.86), 0.63 (0.43,0.93), 0.69 (0.48,0.98), and 0.63 (0.42,0.96), respectively. Conclusions In patients with sepsis, positive fluid balance on days 1, 2, and 3 was associated with adverse outcomes. For patients with fluid balance for three consecutive days, the “+/−/−”, “−/ −/−”, “−/−/+”, “−/+/+”, and “−/+/−” groups were less likely to die in hospital than the “+/+/+” group.

scholarly journals Chromophore Assisted Retinal Break Detection To Manage Challenging Situations In Retinal Detachment Redo Surgery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Berarducci ◽  
Martina Colasante ◽  
Antonio Laborante
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Subretinal Space ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Retinal Break ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Silicon Oil ◽  
Retinal Breaks

Abstract BACKGROUND: The purpose of this case series is to demonstrate that subretinal blue dye injection, with and without 180 degree endolaser retinopexy, can be considered a useful tool in finding occult rhegmatogenous retinal breaks in eyes with recurrent retinal detachment. CASE PRESENTATION: Three patients with recurrent retinal detachment were treated between January and March 2018. In all cases the intraoperative internal search did not demonstrate any obvious break or hole. Membraneblu-dual (Trypan Blue 0,15% + Brilliant Blu G 0,025% + 4% PEG) was then injected into the subretinal space using a 41 Gauge cannula. The eye was rotated such that the dye was pushed through a tiny break which was causing the retinal detachment. A 180 degree laser retinopexy was performed on a single eye. After silicon oil removals and absorption of the gas tamponade respectively, retinas remained attached at three months follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Chromophore assisted occult retinal break detection can be considered a useful and safe surgical technique in managing some unexpected and challenging intraoperative situations. Keywords: chromophore, subretinal, occult, retinal, detachment

scholarly journals Chromophore-Assisted Retinal Break Detection to Manage Challenging Situations in Retinal Detachment Redo Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Antonio Berarducci ◽  
Martina Colasante ◽  
Antonio Laborante
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Subretinal Space ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Retinal Break ◽  
Brilliant Blue G ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Retinal Breaks

Introduction. The purpose of this case series is to demonstrate that subretinal blue dye injection, with and without 180-degree endolaser retinopexy, can be considered a useful tool in finding occult rhegmatogenous retinal breaks in eyes with recurrent retinal detachment. Case Presentation. Three patients with recurrent retinal detachment were treated between January and March 2018. In all cases, the intraoperative internal search did not demonstrate any obvious break or hole. MembraneBlue-Dual (Trypan Blue 0.15% + Brilliant Blue G 0.025% + 4% PEG) was then injected into the subretinal space using a 41-gauge cannula. The eye was rotated such that the dye was pushed through a tiny break which was causing the retinal detachment. 180-degree laser retinopexy was performed on a single eye. After silicon oil removal and absorption of the gas tamponade, retinas remained attached at three-months follow-up. Conclusions. Chromophore-assisted occult retinal break detection can be considered a useful but not risk-free surgical technique in managing some unexpected and challenging intraoperative situations.

scholarly journals Surgical outcomes of minimally invasive vitrectomy surgery in Eales’ disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
S Khanduja ◽  
S Gupta ◽  
S Sinha ◽  
Pradeep Venkatesh ◽  
R Vohra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Neovascular Glaucoma ◽  
Retinal Breaks ◽  
Eales Disease ◽  
23 Gauge ◽  
One Year

Introduction: The results of surgical outcomes of 20 gauge pars plana vitrectomy in Eales’ disease are available in the scientific literature. However, all these studies have been done using the 20 gauge vitrectomy systems and most studies have been conducted in a retrospective manner. Objective: To evaluate the outcomes and safety of 23 gauge vitrectomy in complications of Eales’ disease. Materials and methods: Study design: Consecutive interventional case series. Participants: Seventy-six eyes of 72 nonconsecutive patients undergoing 23-gauge vitrectomy for complications of Eales’ disease were enrolled. The participants were followed up for a minimum of one year. Intervention: The participants underwent a complete demographic, medical and ophthalmic evaluation. A 23-gauge vitrectomy was performed. Endotamponade was used when necessary. Perioperative and postoperative events were recorded. Primary outcome measures were visual acuity and complications arising due to surgery. Results: Indication for surgery was non-clearing vitreous hemorrhage in 89.4% (68/76) and secondary retinal detachment in 10.6% (8). Visual acuity improved from Log Mar 1.80 ± 0.19 units preoperatively to Log Mar 0.47±0.59. Best-corrected visual acuity equivalent to Snellen 6/9 was achieved in 77. 6% of eyes. . Surgical failure was seen in 6.5% cases. Four cases were lost due to progression to neovascular glaucoma and 1 case was lost to severe residual retinal detachment. Iatrogenic portside retinal breaks occurred in 3.9% (3), post-vitrectomy retinal detachment 2.6% ( 2), hypotony 1.3% (1) and cataract in 38.1% (28) cases. Conclusion: 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy in patients with Eales’ disease is a safe and effective technique with acceptable level of risk and complications. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(10): 182-189 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i2.8710

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