scholarly journals Fiona Terry of the International Committee of the Red Cross talks about The Roots of Restraint in War and the intersection of research and humanitarianism

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-204
Author(s):  
Fiona Terry ◽  
Helen M. Kinsella ◽  
Scott Straus
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Critical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

Fiona Terry is the Head of the Centre for Operational Research and Experience at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). She is the co-author of The Roots of Restraint in War ( https://www.icrc.org/en/publication/4352-roots-restraint-war ), which the ICRC published in 2018. The report examines how and why formal and informal norms shape armed group behavior in war. In addition to discussing some of the report’s main findings, the interview addresses the relationship between academic research and humanitarian practitioners; how external researchers are able, or not able, to shape internal organizational culture; the ethics of data collection; gender and the laws of war; and the differences between formal state militaries and other kinds of non-state actors that engage in violence. The interview was conducted by Helen M. Kinsella, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota, and Scott Straus, co-editor-in-chief of the journal. Author of The Image before the Weapon: A Critical History of the Distinction between Combatant and Civilian, Kinsella was a Council on Foreign Relations Fellow at the ICRC, where she focused on gender and armed conflict, in the 2018–2019 academic year.

scholarly journals Alchemy & algorithms: perspectives on the philosophy and history of open science

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Lahti ◽  
Filipe da Silva ◽  
Markus Laine ◽  
Viivi Lähteenoja ◽  
Mikko Tolonen
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Community Resource ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
The University ◽  
Science Movement

This paper gives the reader a chance to experience, or revisit, PHOS16: a conference on the History and Philosophy of Open Science. In the winter of 2016, we invited a varied international group to engage with these topics at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Our aim was to critically assess the defining features, underlying narratives, and overall objectives of the open science movement. The event brought together contemporary open science scholars, publishers, and advocates to discuss the philosophical foundations and historical roots of openness in academic research. The eight sessions combined historical views with more contemporary perspectives on topics such as transparency, reproducibility, collaboration, publishing, peer review, research ethics, as well as societal impact and engagement. We gathered together expert panellists and 15 invited speakers who have published extensively on these topics, allowing us to engage in a thorough and multifaceted discussion. Together with our involved audience we charted the role and foundations of openness of research in our time, considered the accumulation and dissemination of scientific knowledge, and debated the various technical, legal, and ethical challenges of the past and present. In this article, we provide an overview of the topics covered at the conference as well as individual video interviews with each speaker. In addition to this, all the talks, Q&A sessions, and interviews were recorded and they are offered here as an openly licensed community resource in both video and audio form.

History of the International, Committee of the Red Cross

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (32) ◽  
pp. 606-606
Keyword(s):  
International Committee ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
International Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Edition

The last issue of the International Review contained an article on the book which Mr. Pierre Boissier has just had published: Histoire du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge. The first volume, in French, is available from the Editions Plon, Paris. The German edition is still being prepared.

Միջազգային հռչակի տեր բյուզանդագետն ու հայագետը

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Aelita Dolukhanyan
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
State University ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Critical History ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
Euphrates Valley ◽  
The University

Nicholas Adonts (1871–1942) is one of the outstanding Armenian scholars who received an excellent education in Russia and Europe. During his studies at the University of St. Petersburg and later, when he improved his knowledge in well-known educational centers of Europe – in London, Paris, Vienna, Strasbourg and Munich, Adonts had the support of the great national benefactor Alexander Mantashiants. Eight volumes of Adonts’ works were published by Yerevan State University with the support of the Armenian branch of the Galust Gyulbenkian Foundation. Adonts left no autobiographical memories․ They would have been extremely interesting, since his life was really amazing. Tigran the Great (95–55 BC) was the most beloved historical figure of Adonts. He actually confirms that Tigran manifested himself as a world sovereign and enlightener, and his activities require new elucidation. Adonts presents the great deeds and military successes of the representatives of the princely house of Mamikonians in the Byzantine Empire. The study “The Fame of Bagratids” by Adonts is very interesting; it represents the branches of the Armenian royal house of Bagratids in Georgia, Caucasian Albania and Artsakh. In his extensive article “The Historical Basis and Ideological Value of the Novel David Bek”, the historian takes an exploratory approach while describing the historical events of the novel David Bek by Raffi. Especially rich is the heritage of the scientist in Byzantine studies, which has two branches of scientific and cognitive significance. Firstly, it presents important events of the history of Byzantium, and then the famous figures of this history, who were Armenians by nationality. In 1928 Adonts made a new discovery in Byzantine studies, exploring the “Historical basis of the Byzantine epic Digenis Acritas”. He proved that the epic poem was not Greek, since the homeland and place of activity of the main hero are the Euphrates valley, and his exploits take place in Western Armenia. Adonts was a devoted defendet of the Armenian Cause and dedicated many articles to this issue. Adonts left three monumental monographs as a legacy to science. These are: Armenia in the Era of Justinian (1908), Dionysius of Thrace and Armenian Commentators (1915) and the posthumously published Critical History of Armenia (1946). The scientific heritage of Adonts in the field of Byzantine studies and Armenology is rich with many scientific discoveries, whose value will be preserved forever.

Book Reviews

Transfers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Lucy Baker ◽  
Paola Castañeda ◽  
Matthew Dalstrom ◽  
Ankur Datta ◽  
Tanja Joelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Common Good ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Medical Travel ◽  
Bicycle Infrastructure ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Duke University ◽  
Caribbean Tourism ◽  
The University

Nicholas A. Scott, Assembling Moral Mobilities: Cycling, Cities and the Common Good (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2020), 288 pp., 38 illus., $50 John Stehlin, Cyclescapes of the Unequal City: Bicycle Infrastructure and Uneven Development (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2019), 328 pp., 24 photos, 11 maps, 9 tables, $27 Cecilia Vindrola-Padros, Critical Ethnographic Perspectives on Medical Travel (New York: Routledge, 2019), 161 pp., $36.77 Nicola Frost and Tom Selwyn, eds., Travelling Towards Home: Mobilities and Homemaking (New York: Berghahn, 2018), 182 pp., 10 illus., 1 table, $110 Peter Cox, Cycling: A Sociology of Vélomobility (Abingdon: Routledge, 2019), 200 pp., 2 B/W illus., £120.00 (ebook £40.49) Lesley Murray and Susana Cortés-Morales, Children's Mobilities: Interdependent, Imagined, Relational (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019), 307 pp., 10 illus., $89.99 Jocelyne Guilbault and Timothy Rommen, eds., Sounds of Vacation: Political Economies of Caribbean Tourism (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019), 234 pp., $25.95 John Krige, ed., How Knowledge Moves: Writing the Transnational History of Science and Technology (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2019), 408 pp., 11 illus., $40

The role of the international committee of the red cross in resolving international conflicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Adel Hamzah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
History Of

The relevance of the problem under study lies in the presence of armed conflicts in the international arena and the presence of a diverse abundance of ways to regulate them. The main purpose of this study is to identify the main provisions of international law applicable in international conflicts through the lens of the role of the Committee of the Red Cross in its development. This study covers and thoroughly analyses the history and the main purpose of the origin of the organisation. Furthermore, the study engages in an in-depth examination of the basic tasks and principles of the Committee's activities. As a result of the study, the existing theories of the participation and influence of the Committee in international legal relations will be clearly identified, as well as those theories that have emerged due to innovations in legal thinking and are capable of covering the specific features of the practice and effectiveness of this non-governmental organisation. In addition, the designation of the actual problems of the existence of this organisation, its relevance in the modern world, and the strength of the support of the world society. Among the successes of the scientific analysis of the role of the International Committee of the Red Cross in the development of international humanitarian law applicable in international conflicts is the reasoned hypotheses and confirmed statements of the importance of the Committee, which are described by the features of modernity, relevance, and compliance with the information and technological development of social relations of participants in healthy international relations, their supporters and opponents. This also includes the systematisation of scientific research, their analysis and reasonable refutation. A journey into the history of the emergence of international conflicts, their modification according to the development of social relations, as well as the processes of globalisation, will be the subject of comparative analysis aimed at identifying new methods and ways to avoid them

Revisiting the Memory of Solferino: Knowledge Production and the Laws of War

2021 ◽  
pp. 256-275
Author(s):  
Eyal Benvenisti ◽  
Doreen Lustig
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Laws Of War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

During the course of the second half of the 19th century, the rules regulating the conduct of armies during hostilities were internationally codified for the first time. The conventional narrative attributes the codification of the laws of war to the campaign of civil society, especially that of the founders of the Red Cross—Henry Dunant and Gustav Moynier. In what follows, we problematize this narrative and trace the construction of this knowledge. We explore how the leading figures of the Red Cross, who were aware of the shortcomings of their project, were nonetheless invested in narrating its history as a history of success. Their struggle to control the narrative would eventually confer the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) with considerable interpretive and agenda-setting authority in the realm of the laws of war. We dwell on the meaning of this conscious exercise in knowledge production and its normative ramifications.

Part IV Activities of Organizations, Ch.14 Humanitarian Action

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiss Thomas G
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
War Zone ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Humanitarian Space ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter begins by defining some key terms, including humanitarian action, humanitarianism, humanitarian space, and humanitarian intervention. It then examines the history of humanitarian action in wars through the lenses of three historical periods: the 19th century until World War I; the early 20th century through the end of the Cold War; and the last quarter-century. Next, it describes the entities that exert influence on the ground from outside a war zone: international NGOs, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the UN system, bilateral aid agencies, external military forces, for-profit firms, and the media. Operating alongside, and sometimes in opposition to, external agents in a particular war zone are local actors, which include NGOs and businesses as well as the armed belligerents. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the coordination of the various moving parts of the international humanitarian system.

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