Consumer Comprehension of OTC Medication Labels and the Scope for Improvement in Font Size

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharanya Murty ◽  
Sujit S Sansgiry
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Product Knowledge ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Univariate Anova

Background: On March 17, 1999, the FDA mandated a new standardized format called “Drug Facts” and a minimum font size of 6 points for the labeling of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Yet, some text legibility studies report consumer preference for font sizes of at least 10 points. The possibility therefore exists that the minimum font size mandated by the FDA might be too small for certain consumers to read. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 3 labeling formats—old, new, and simulated labels (SLs)—using the OTC medication Label Evaluation Process Model (LEPM). Methods: A within-subjects experimental design was used. SLs designed for this study contained similar information as the new labels plus a larger font size. English-speaking consumers viewed these label formats and completed a questionnaire that requested consumer demographic information and measured their responses on 5 domains of the LEPM: ease of use, product knowledge, attitude toward product label, product evaluation, and purchase intention. These 5 domains were the dependent variables for this study. The independent variable was the label format. Data were analyzed using the SAS 9.1 software. A multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a univariate ANOVA determined the effect of label format on the dependent variables. Results: Each label format differed significantly from the others in terms of ease of use, attitude, product evaluation, and purchase intention, with the highest mean scores reported for SLs. SLs were the only label format that significantly improved consumers' product knowledge. Conclusions: Although the new standardized OTC labels are an improvement from the old unstandardized label format, there is a need for further improvement in OTC medication labeling, especially regarding the font size on these labels.

The Effect of Packaging Material on Consumer Evaluation and Choice

2020 ◽  
pp. 236-250
Author(s):  
Beatrice Luceri ◽  
Donata Tania Vergura ◽  
Cristina Zerbini
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Willingness To Buy ◽  
Tetra Pak

Packaging is the last marketing communication tool a company can use before the purchase decision is made. It creates positive or negative brand associations and informs consumers about the product category, personality, and quality. This chapter explains the role of packaging material in influencing the product evaluation process. Specifically, a between-subjects experimental design was conducted to investigate if the product quality judgment and the purchase intention towards extra virgin olive oil differ between tetra-pak and glass bottle. Results showed attitude towards the product, pack and product evaluation, and perceived quality and risk was better in the case of the glass package compared to the tetra-pak. Similarly, the willingness to buy and pay was higher in the case of the glass package compared to the tetra-pak one.

scholarly journals Determining Antecedent of Re-Purchase Intention: The Role of Perceived Value and Consumer’s Interest Factor

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Yesim Can ◽  
Oya Erdil
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Strategic Marketing ◽  
Visual Design ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
Repurchase Intention ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use

With the widespread use of smartphones, strategic marketing of smartphones has become the focus of related brands. Although creating brand loyalty is an important factor of global strategic marketing and re-purchase intention, little research investigated the antecedent of smartphone's brand loyalty and repurchase intention. The purposes of this study are to investigate what are the antecedent brand loyalty and re-purchase intention in smartphone marketing. In the light of the literature and for this purpose; the effects of perceived value factor (perceived ease of use, perceived irreplaceability), utilitarian factor (system quality), hedonic factor (visual design), and consumer’s interest factor (technology consciousness) on brand loyalty and repurchase intention were investigated in an integrated model. The results of the analysis show that smartphone's re-purchase intention is largely determined by brand loyalty, perceived ease of use, perceived irreplaceability, system quality, visual design, and technology consciousness. Moreover, analysis results demonstrate that perceived irreplaceability, system quality, and visual design affect brand loyalty.

scholarly journals An Empirical Research on Factors Influencing Purchase Intention of Mobile Shopping

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Luo Yong ◽  
Li Shenghua
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Flow Experience ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Mobile Shopping ◽  
The Impact

<p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Based on the theory of Flow experience, this thesis combines the theory of perceived value with the theory of customer innovation, and constructs </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">the influencing factor model of Smartphone users’ </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">purchase intention. The paper aims to understand <span style="font-size: xx-small;">the impact of Flow experience in the intention </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">of mobile shopping in China. To address this, an </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">empirical study with 430 subjects was carried </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">out. It collected the data by questionnaire with 5-point Likert scale, and used SPSS.22.0 and AMOS.21 to encode and analysis the data by the </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">method of factor analysis, descriptive statistics </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">and structural equation modeling. The results indicate that flow experience has a significant </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">positive effect on the purchase intention of </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">mobile shopping, and customer innovation has a direct effect on flow experience which in turn </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">impacts purchase intention. Furthermore, this </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">study also reveals that perceived value influence mobile shopping deeply. </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Key words: </strong></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Mobile shopping </span></span></p>

scholarly journals EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN NO. 12 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG TUNTUTAN PENGELOLAAN KURIKULUM

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dwi Deswary
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Education Management ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Process Learning ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Goals And Objectives

This study aims to determine (1) The results of the input evaluation; (2) The results of the evaluation process; and (3) The results of the product evaluation on the policy implementation of Act 12 of the year 2012 on the Program Study of Education Management, Postgraduate Program, University State of Jakarta (UNJ). The research method was a qualitative evaluation approach. Data collected by conducting an analysis of document-based curriculum KKNI to determine the success of the implementation by stages conducted at Postgraduate Program Study of Education Management. The data were analysed descriptively and meaning on any research findings conducted qualitatively. Stages of meaning carried out through the following stages: (1) Data Collection; (2) Data Reduction; and (3) Data Display. Based on the results of input evaluation which performed on the curriculum document, known that the preparation Program Study based on curriculum KKNI of Education Management Postgraduate Program is equipped with a clear legal basis, the formulation of goals and objectives. In the aspect of supporting resources for curriculum development, Progam Study has form data analysis of curriculum results, planned programs and implementation strategies. In the process, learning strategies are divided into two approaches, namely direct and indirect approaches. In evaluating, the results are more geared towards the achievement of the program on implementation of policies based on curriculum KKNI in Postgraduate Program Study of Education Management by a predetermined time phase, namely the achievement during the short-term period (1 to 2 years).

Consumer Perceptions of Factors Affecting Online Shopping Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Musrat Siyal ◽  
Saeed Siyal ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Debajyoti Pal ◽  
Muhammad Mujahid Memon
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Online Shopping Behavior

Online shopping is an emerging trend throughout the world. Likewise, it is used in China among Chinese consumers, but not all foreigners use it frequently due to several factors. This study discussed those factors which cause hindrance for foreigners to use online shopping and their behavior towards it. To do so, the authors have proposed the model by extending the technology acceptance model (TAM). The data were collected from the international students in China through a survey questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS to draw the results of the proposed relationships. The findings show that the online shopping behavior of international students in China is negatively related to financial risk and positively related to trust and ease of use. Moreover, purchase intention mediates these relationships. The results will be useful for consumers and online sellers to retain existing consumers and attract more foreigners studying in China. Moreover, the paper mentioned the implications and future directions of the study.

How do foreign customers' perceptions of product-harm crises affect their transfer of capability- and character-based stigma?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xue ◽  
Gongming Qian ◽  
Zhengming Qian ◽  
Lee Li
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Product Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stigma By Association ◽  
Product Preferences ◽  
Association Effect

PurposeCustomers often trace a product-harm crisis to the deviant firm's capability- or character-relevant issues. This study examines how capability- and character-based stigma associated with product-harm crises influence foreign customers' product preferences (i.e. brand affect and purchase intention) for other firms from the same country of origin.Design/methodology/approachQualitative survey data are used to test hypotheses with a structural equation model.FindingsThe authors find that negative capability judgment significantly affects foreign customers' product preferences for other firms from the same country of origin, whereas negative character judgment does not. However, customers' national animosity and product knowledge moderate the stigma spillover effects. Specifically, national animosity and product knowledge weaken the spillover effects of capability-based stigma but strengthen those of character-based stigma.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research could examine strategies for uninvolved firms to avoid the stigma-by-association effect. Moreover, due to the lack of resources to collect data, this study does not investigate how customers' generalized favorability and familiarity with crisis-stricken firms and uninvolved firms moderate the stigma-by-association effect.Originality/valueThe findings of this study advance our knowledge on product-harm crises and the stigma-by-association effect.

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