Empirical Antecedents of Representation of Relief Features in Plan. The Case of Spanish American Cartography in the Sixteenth Century: Three Significant Examples

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Manuel Morato-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Spanish American

Silver, Globalization, and Capitalism

Capitalisms ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 35-70
Author(s):  
Dennis O. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Global History ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Trade Regimes

Generations of scholars have attempted, without success, to link Spanish-American silver to the dawn of European capitalism. Rather, historical connections across the globe have come into clearer focus during recent decades, including awareness of the fact that American, European, and Japanese silver gravitated largely to China (and also India). Having begun during the sixteenth century, globalization has involved deep connections, including trade regimes that linked together multiple free and coerced labour systems simultaneously. Lessons from global history suggest that national ‘capitalisms’ can no longer serve as reasonable units of analysis. From the outset of sixteenth-century origins, globalization generated intertwined economic, environmental, epidemiological, demographic, and cultural accumulations that continue to reverberate across planet Earth today. Wealth creation, wealth distribution, and environmental consequences remain central features of a historical process that requires analysis at a global level.

Enrique Dupuy De Lôme and the Spanish American War

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos García Barrón
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Spanish American War ◽  
Shed Light

WE know little in the United States about the man who, as Spain's Ambassador in 1898, dared to call President McKinley “a low politician catering to the rabble.” The purpose of this article is to shed light on Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, his views, and his hitherto unstudied role as Spain's envoy during the critical period leading up to the Spanish-American War.The first striking characteristic about our subject is his very name, being French instead of Spanish. The genealogy of the Dupuy de Lôme family originated in France in the sixteenth century. There is record of a Jean Dupuy fighting against the Turks in one of the Crusades. The Spanish branch had, up to the nineteenth century, used only the Dupuy part of the surname. Then, as evidence of his great admiration of his French uncle, the designer of France's first cruiser, Dupuy chose to reestablish the full French surname by adding the de Lôme.

Writing in the Dark

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-81
Author(s):  
Nicola Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Full Size ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Communities ◽  
Qualitative Changes ◽  
Speaking Truth To Power

This chapter recounts how printing was born with the republic in Chile, describing the full-size press that was brought from Boston in late 1811 and was set in motion to print the country's first periodical, La Aurora de Chile. It traces the long history of printing in most Spanish American countries, such as Peru and Mexico, where it dated back to the sixteenth century. It also cites new political communities that were baptised in print as the independence wars generated both quantitative and qualitative changes in publishing. The chapter looks at journals that championed the cause of independence by establishing a founding tradition of speaking truth to power and stimulating a demand for new ideas and discoveries, as well as for news and information. It points out how the printing press was a means of sustaining the momentum of the promised popular enlightenment for independent governments.

Landmarks in Contemporary Puerto Rican Letters

1958 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
María Teresa Babín
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Caribbean Island ◽  
European Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epic Poems

America became a reality in western civilization from the early period of the Golden Age in the literature of the Iberian peninsula. By the seventeenth century the works of a few outstanding personalities already born in America had been added to the bibliographical sources available in the European libraries and universities. The literature of Puerto Rico has also had a place in the panorama of Spanish American letters since the arrival of European culture at the end of the fifteenth century and the era of conquest and colonization during the sixteenth century. The trends of the literary history of this Caribbean island have followed the pattern of the literary development in the New World. It was initiated with the letters and the chronicles, the epic poems and the annals of the first men entrusted with the mission of conquest and settlement in the newly acquired possessions.

Landmarks in Contemporary Puerto Rican Letters

1958 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
María Teresa Babín
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Caribbean Island ◽  
European Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epic Poems

America became a reality in western civilization from the early period of the Golden Age in the literature of the Iberian peninsula. By the seventeenth century the works of a few outstanding personalities already born in America had been added to the bibliographical sources available in the European libraries and universities.The literature of Puerto Rico has also had a place in the panorama of Spanish American letters since the arrival of European culture at the end of the fifteenth century and the era of conquest and colonization during the sixteenth century. The trends of the literary history of this Caribbean island have followed the pattern of the literary development in the New World. It was initiated with the letters and the chronicles, the epic poems and the annals of the first men entrusted with the mission of conquest and settlement in the newly acquired possessions.

scholarly journals Lengua de los indios, lengua española:Religious Conversion and the Languages of New Spain, ca. 1520–1585

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-723
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Wasserman-Soler
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Religious Landscape ◽  
Insight Into

This article examines the language policies of sixteenth-century Mexico, aiming more generally to illuminate efforts by Mexican bishops to foster conversions to Christianity. At various points throughout the colonial era, the Spanish Crown and the Catholic Church propagated the use of Castilian among Amerindians; leaders of these institutions, however, also encouraged priests to study indigenous languages. That Spanish authorities appear to have never settled on a firm language policy has puzzled modern scholars, who have viewed the Crown and its churchmen as vacillating between “pro-indigenous” and “pro-Castilian” sentiments. This article suggests, however, that Mexico's bishops intentionally extended simultaneous support to both indigenous languages and Castilian. Church and Crown officials tended to avoid firm ideological commitments to one language; instead they made practical decisions, concluding that different contexts called for distinct languages. An examination of the decisions made by leading churchmen offers insight into how they helped to create a Spanish-American religious landscape in which both indigenous and Spanish elements co-existed.

Spanish America in Eighteenth-Century European Travel Compilations: a New "Art of Reading" and the Transition To Modernity

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cañizares Esguerra
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Social Theories

AbstractBy the mid-eighteenth century sixteenth-century Spanish American testimonies on the New World suddely lost credibility with European audiences. This study seeks to explain this curious episode and traces it to new developments in ways to create and validate knowledge in early modern Europe. The genre of travel accounts proved instrumental in undermining the authority of Spanish accounts. Editors of travel compilations developed a "new art of reading" that privileged "internal" over "external" criticism. If in the past editors apportioned credit according to the number, character, and social standing of witnesses and favored knowledge gathered personally through the senses, by the mid-eighteenth century editors read accounts in the light of contemporary social theories : those accounts that proved inconsistent with the theories of political economy were dismissed. The reliability of sixteenth century Spanish eyewitnesses on the grandeur of the Aztec and Inca civilizations was called into question because these witnesses were deemed incapable of regulating their perceptions through reason (good taste). Since the new art of reading deployed by editors of travel compilations emerged out of a close dialogue between Europe and its colonies, this study shows the deep colonial roots of European modernity.

Maxims of Foreign Policy

Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
W.J. Boot
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Japanese Identity

In the pre-modern period, Japanese identity was articulated in contrast with China. It was, however, articulated in reference to criteria that were commonly accepted in the whole East-Asian cultural sphere; criteria, therefore, that were Chinese in origin.One of the fields in which Japan's conception of a Japanese identity was enacted was that of foreign relations, i.e. of Japan's relations with China, the various kingdoms in Korea, and from the second half of the sixteenth century onwards, with the Portuguese, Spaniards, Dutchmen, and the Kingdom of the Ryūkū.

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