‘One step’ technology to separate copper, zinc, lead from iron in metallurgical slag and pyrite cinder Part 1 – Laboratory scale test

Study of the Biodegrability of Degradable/Biodegradable Plastic Material in a Controlled Composting EnvironmentThe objective of this study was to determine the degrability/biodegradability of disposable plastic bags available on the market that are labeled as degradable/biodegradable and those certified as compost. The investigated materials were obtained from chain stores in the Czech Republic and Poland. Seven kinds of bags (commercially available) were used in this study. One of them was a disposable bag made of HDPE and mixed with totally degradable plastic additive (TDPA additive). Another was a disposable made of polyethylene with the addition of pro-oxidant additive (d2w additive). One was labeled as 100% degradable within various periods of time, from three months up to three years, and four were certified as compostable. The test was carried out in a controlled composting environment. The biodisintegration degree of the obtained pieces was evaluated following a modified version of ČSN EN 14806 Norm "Packaging - Preliminary evaluation of the disintegration of the packaging materials under simulated composting conditions in a laboratory scale test" and a modified version of ČSN EN ISO 20200 "Plastics - Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials under simulated composting conditions in laboratory-scale test" (ISO 20200:2004). The emphasis was put on determination whether the bags are degradable/biodegradable or not.

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Design and testing of a laboratory scale test rig for wave energy converters using a double‐sided permanent magnet linear generator

IET Renewable Power Generation ◽

10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0874 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 922-930 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Addy Wahyudie ◽

Mohammed Jama ◽

Tri Bagus Susilo ◽

Bisni Fahad Mon ◽

Hussein Shaaref ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Permanent Magnet ◽

Wave Energy ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Test Rig ◽

Linear Generator ◽

Wave Energy Converters ◽

Scale Test ◽

Design And Testing ◽

Energy Converters

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A Laboratory-Scale Test to Predict Intake Valve Deposits

10.4271/972838 ◽

1997 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. I. Lacey ◽

K. B. Kohl ◽

L. L. Stavinoha ◽

R. M. Estefan

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Scale ◽

Intake Valve ◽

Scale Test

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In situ vitrification laboratory-scale test work plan

10.2172/6026742 ◽

1991 ◽

Author(s):

P.K. Nagata ◽

N.L. Smith

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Scale ◽

Work Plan ◽

Scale Test

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Flexible distillation test rig on a laboratory scale for characterization of additively manufactured packings

10.22541/au.161807948.82145507/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Johannes Neukäufer ◽

Nadin Sarajlic ◽

Harald Klein ◽

Sebastian Rehfeldt ◽

Heiko Hallmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Process Development ◽

Separation Efficiency ◽

Packed Column ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Test Rig ◽

Laboratory Equipment ◽

Column Wall ◽

First Results ◽

3D Printed ◽

Scale Test

Additive manufacturing is increasingly being used to develop innovative packings for absorption and desorption columns. Since distillation has not been in focus so far, this paper aims to fill this gap. The objective is to obtain a miniaturized 3D printed packed column with optimized properties in terms of scalability and reproducibility, which increases process development efficiency. For this purpose, a flexible laboratory scale test rig is presented combining standard laboratory equipment with 3D printed components such as innovative multifunctional trays or the column wall with packing. The test rig offers a particularly wide operating range (F=0.15 Pa…1.0 Pa) for column diameters between 20 mm and 50 mm. First results regarding the time to reach steady-state, operational stability and separation efficiency measurements are presented using a 3D printable version of the Rombopak 9M. Currently, innovative packings are being characterized, which should exhibit a optimized bevavior regarding scalability, reproducibility and separation efficiency.

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Evaluasi Daya Dukung Tanah Lunak Hasil Stabilisasi Kimia dengan Terra Firma di Daerah Gedebage, Kota Bandung, Provinsi Jawa Barat. (Hal. 93-109)

RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil ◽

10.26760/rekaracana.v5i4.99 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Bayu Arifianto ◽

Benny Moestofa

Keyword(s):

Bearing Capacity ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Soft Clay ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Test Results ◽

Terra Firma ◽

Laboratory Test Results ◽

Scale Test

ABSTRAK Tanah lempung lunak adalah salah satu jenis tanah dasar yang sering menyebabkan masalah dalam berbagai jenis konstruksi karena daya dukungnya rendah dan kepekaan terhadap perubahan kadar air cukup tinggi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan perbaikan tanah dasar menggunakan bahan kimia Terra Firma untuk meningkatkan daya dukung tanah dasarnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan pengambilan sampel dari Proyek Summarecon di Gedebage, Kota Bandung, termasuk pengujian skala laboratorium, untuk menentukan sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah lempung lunak. Uji skala laboratorium telah dilaksanakan pada berbagai variasi campuran tanah dengan komposisi Terra Firma 3%, 6%, dan 9%. Berdasarkan hasil uji laboratorium diperoleh nilai CBR tanah dasar sebesar 2,7% dan UCS 2,02 kg/cm², sedangkan hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa campuran Terra Firma yang paling efektif adalah 6% dengan waktu pemeraman selama 21 hari, dimana nilai CBR yang diperoleh sebesar 37,28% dan UCS 9,66 kg/cm². Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan stabilisasi kimia Terra Firma dapat meningkatkan daya dukung tanah lempung lunak hingga 14 kali. Kata kunci: tanah lempung lunak, daya dukung, stabilisasi kimia, Terra Firma. ABSTRACT Soft clay soil is one of the basic types of soil that often causes problems in any kinds of construction due to its low bearing capacity and high sensitivity to changes in moisture content. Therefore, the soil needs to be repaired by applying Terra Firma chemicals to increase the bearing capacity of the soil. This research is conducted by taking soil samples from the Summarecon Gedebage Project area, Bandung City, and was conducted laboratory scale testing, to determine the physical and mechanical properties of soft clay soil. The laboratory scale test was conducted with various variations of ground mixture with Terra Firma 3%, 6%, and 9%. Based on laboratory test results it is found that the base soil CBR value is 2.7% and UCS 2.02 kg/cm², while the applied Terra Firma chemicals comparison result shows that the 6% mixture is the most effective with 21 days curing time, CBR value of 37.28% and UCS 9.66 kg/cm². Therefore it can be concluded that the use of Terra Firma chemicals can increase the bearing capacity of soft clay soil up to 14 times. Keywords: soft clay soil, bearing capacity, chemical stabilization, Terra Firma.

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Considerations in selecting laboratory scale test specimens for evaluation of fracture toughness

International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design ◽

10.21825/scad.v4i1.747 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthias Verstraete ◽

Stijn Hertelé ◽

Koen Van Minnebruggen ◽

Rudi Denys ◽

Wim De Waele

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Finite Element ◽

Test Specimen ◽

Tensile Specimen ◽

Full Scale ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Single Edge ◽

Apparent Fracture Toughness ◽

Edge Notch ◽

Scale Test

The assessment of defects in large steel structures requires a trustworthy evaluation of the material’s toughness. This toughness is not only a material property but is also influenced by the loading conditions and geometry; the so-called constraint. The resulting representative value is referred to as the apparent toughness. The evaluation of apparent fracture toughness in a flawed structure is preferentially performed through laboratory scale testing, as full scale tests are both expensive and often challenging to perform. Several laboratory scale test specimens are available, among which a Single Edge Notch Bending specimen, Single Edge Notch Tensile specimen, Double Edge Notch Tensile specimen and Centre Cracked Tensile specimen. Each of these specimens has its own specific constraint. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate test specimen is of primary importance for limiting the conservatism and avoiding potential unconservatism with respect to full scale behaviour. This paper provides a general framework to select an appropriate test specimen based on detailed finite element simulations of both the full scale structure and the laboratory scale test specimens. These finite element calculations allow for a characterization of the crack tip stress fields in both situations. Different theoretical frameworks are available for this characterization; theQ -parameter is considered in this paper. To demonstrate the applicability of this procedure, an example case is presented for circumferentially oriented defects in pressurized pipelines under longitudinal tension. It is concluded that the presented framework allows for efficiently selecting a laboratory scale test specimen, which enables to evaluate the apparent fracture toughness for a given large scale structure. The obtained toughness can thus be incorporated in analytical flaw assessment procedures, reducing the degree of conservatism. This in turn allows an economically effective design.

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