scholarly journals Quantitative Raman calibration of sulfate-bearing polymineralic mixtures: a S quantification in sedimentary rocks on Mars

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Larre ◽  
Yann Morizet ◽  
Catherine Guillot-Deudon ◽  
Fabien Baron ◽  
Nicolas Mangold
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Martian Soil ◽  
Natural Silicate ◽  
Climatic Evolution ◽  
Mechanical Mixtures ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Calibration Equations ◽  
Voigt Function ◽  
Curiosity Rover

AbstractThe NASA 2020 Mars mission is a Curiosity-type rover whose objective is to improve the knowledge of the geological and climatic evolution of Mars and to collect rock samples for return to Earth. The new rover has a payload of seven instruments including the SuperCam instrument which consists of four tools including a Raman spectrometer. This Raman device will be non-destructive and will analyse the surface remotely in order to determine the mineralogy of rocks and, by extent, to detect and quantify major elements such as sulfur. Sulfur has been detected as sulfate (Ca,Mg,Fe-sulfates) in sedimentary rocks. This element is difficult to quantify using the laser ablation tool of the ChemCam instrument on-board the Curiosity rover.We propose a Raman calibration to constrain the sulfur abundance in polymineralic mixtures. We acquired Raman signatures on binary and ternary mechanical mixtures containing Ca and Mg sulfates, mixed with natural silicate minerals supposed to be relevant to basaltic-sedimentary rocks at the surface of Mars: olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and plagioclase. Using the Voigt function to process the Raman spectra from samples extracted from our mixtures allows us to calculate the initial proportions of our preparations of Ca and Mg sulfates. From these simulations, calibration equations have been provided allowing us to determine sulfate proportions (CaSO4 and MgSO4) in a mixture with basaltic minerals. With the presented calibration, S can be quantified at a lower limit of 0.7 wt.% in Martian soil.

A surface gravity traverse on Mars indicates low bedrock density at Gale crater

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 363 (6426) ◽  
pp. 535-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Lewis ◽  
Stephen Peters ◽  
Kurt Gonter ◽  
Shaunna Morrison ◽  
Nicholas Schmerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Attitude Determination ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Rock Density ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Gale Crater ◽  
Curiosity Rover

Gravimetry, the precise measurement of gravitational fields, can be used to probe the internal structure of Earth and other planets. The Curiosity rover on Mars carries accelerometers normally used for navigation and attitude determination. We have recalibrated them to isolate the signature of the changing gravitational acceleration as the rover climbs through Gale crater. The subsurface rock density is inferred from the measured decrease in gravitational field strength with elevation. The density of the sedimentary rocks in Gale crater is 1680 ± 180 kilograms per cubic meter. This value is lower than expected, indicating a high porosity and constraining maximum burial depths of the rocks over their history.

scholarly journals Major Elements Geochemistry of Sedimentary Rocks from Corumbataí Formation, Santa Gertrudes Ceramic Pole, São Paulo, Brazil

Geomaterials ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Margarita Torres Moreno ◽  
Rogers Raphael da Rocha ◽  
Letícia Hirata Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Major Elements

scholarly journals Review on Mineral Characterization of Precambrian Charnockites – using PIXE Technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avupati Venkata Surya Satyanarayana ◽  
Mokka Jagannadharao ◽  
Kemburu Chandra Mouli ◽  
Kollu Sai Satya Mounika
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Trace Elemental Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Trace Elemental ◽  
Mineral Characterization ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract. Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) has been applied to a analytical tool for long range of major, minor and trace elemental analysis in Precambrian charnockites. PIXE is sensitive and non-destructive method for some elemental analysis in a variety of Precambrian charnockite rocks down to levels of a few parts per million and it is not valid for all remaining elements in the composition. The elements identified in the Precambrian charnokite rock are Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Pb are identified without exact values by PIXE but the elements minor F, major elements Na, Mg, Al, Si, P and Ba and traces of Co, Th and U not detected due to various reasons even though there present in the charnockites, because of PIXE which is operation at 3 MeV energy and characterization material of charnockite mineral investigated. In mineral characterization of charnockite rocks, elemental errors in concentration of the compositions explained by comparing with present and previous studies.

Estimation of Water Content in Vera Rubin Ridge and Glen Torridon areas Based on Measurements of the MSL/DAN Instrument in Gale crater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Nikiforov ◽  
Maya Djachkova ◽  
Igor Mitrofanov ◽  
Maxim Litvak ◽  
Denis Lisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
Gale Crater ◽  
Martian Soil ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Bound Water Content ◽  
Curiosity Rover

<p>This work presents the latest results on the estimations of Water Equivalent Hydrogen (WEH) gathered in martian areas Vera Rubin ridge (VRR) and Glen Torridon (GT) by the Dynamic Albedo of Neutron (DAN) instrument installed onboard NASA’s Curiosity rover. The main science objective of DAN is to study bound water content in shallow layer of martian subsurface down to 0.6 m [1].</p><p>Extensive scientific campaign on Vera Rubin ridge was started in the middle of 2017 and lasted until the beginning of 2019 when the rover reached another region – Glen Torridon. VRR is mostly related to hematite minerals that might be formed in the presence of liquid water. On the other hand, GT region is thought to be associated with clay minerals, according to CRISM observations [2].</p><p>We will present the latest results on DAN passive observations in these Mars areas. Data are referred to the period of more than 3 years of observations or MSL traverse segment from 17 km to 23 km. The main result is the notable increase of WEH in GT in comparison with VRR, as well as in comparison with the whole Curiosity traverse. Possibly, the increase may indicate on the qualitative difference in neutron-absorption elements that are forming the soil of the GT region.</p><p>References:</p><p>[1] <em>Mitrofanov, I. G., et al., (2014). Water and chlorine content in the Martian soil along the first 1900 m of the Curiosity rover traverse as estimated by the DAN instrument. J. Geophys. Res., 119(7), 1579–1596. doi:10.1002/2013JE004553.</em></p><p>[2] <em>Murchie, S. L., et al. (2009), Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars investigation and data set from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's primary science phase, J. Geophys. Res., 114, E00D07, doi:10.1029/2009JE003344.</em></p>

scholarly journals Water and chlorine content in the Martian soil along the first 1900 m of the Curiosity rover traverse as estimated by the DAN instrument

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (7) ◽  
pp. 1579-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Mitrofanov ◽  
M. L. Litvak ◽  
A. B. Sanin ◽  
R. D. Starr ◽  
D. I. Lisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Content ◽  
Martian Soil ◽  
Curiosity Rover

scholarly journals Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Major Elements and Minerals: Clues from a Late Pleistocene Core from Campos Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6206
Author(s):  
Guilherme A. Pedrão ◽  
Karen B. Costa ◽  
Felipe A. L. Toledo ◽  
Mariana O. Tomazella ◽  
Luigi Jovane
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Altman Plot ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Elementary Analysis ◽  
Campos Basin ◽  
Mineral Associations ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Mis 5

Element and mineral associations are fundamental parameters for palaeoceanographical reconstructions but laboratory methodologies are expensive, time-consuming and need a lot of material. Here, we investigate the quality and reliability of XRF measurements of major elements (Fe, Ti and Ca) using BTX II Benchtop, by comparing them with previous ICP-OES elemental analysis for a set of Late Pleistocene marine sediments from Campos Basin. Although the numerical values of the logarithmic form of the elementary ratios were different, the lnTi/Ca and lnFe/Ca ratios measured by both techniques (XRF and ICP-OES) presented similar downcore results. To correct the XRF intensity data, a linear regression model was calculated and, based on the linear equation generated, the logarithmic values of the elementary XRF ratios were corrected. After the correction, One-Sample t-test and Bland–Altman plot show that both techniques obtained similar results. In addition, a brief paleoceanographic interpretation, during the MIS 5 and MIS 4 periods, was conducted by comparing mineralogical and elementary analysis aiming to reconstruct the variations of the terrigenous input to the studied area. As a conclusion, the results from XRF measurements (BTX II) presented to confirm the viability of such a technique, showing that analysis using BTX II is a reliable, cheap, rapid and non-destructive option for obtaining elementary ratios and mineralogical downcore results at high resolution, allowing stratigraphic and paleoceanographic interpretations.

scholarly journals Petrochemical study of Middle-Late Paleozoic sedimentary and metamorphic rocks near the great meandering of Tuul River, Central Mongolia

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Sodnom Khishigsuren ◽  
Nuramkhaan Manchuk ◽  
Ser-Od Tseden-Ish ◽  
Bayarmaa Batsaikhan
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Education Development ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Central Mongolia ◽  
Magmatic Rocks ◽  
Upper Paleozoic ◽  
Continental Area

The great meandering of Tuul River is located in the Khentii section of the Khangai-Khentii orogenic belt, Central Mongolia. At the study area, dominanty distributed sedimentary and metamorphic roks of venlok-lower Devonian Sugnugur Formation of Asralt Khairkhan terrane and Pensilvanian Altan-Ovoo Formation of Ulaanbaatar terrane. The source of sedimentary rock are important to understand the geology and tectonic evoluation of the region. Whole-rock major elements compositions of 15 sandstone and mudrocks (siltstone and mudstone) and shale from the Sugnugur and Altan-Ovoo Formations were determind by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry at Nagoya University, Japan. Shale protolith of Sugnugur and Altan-Ovoo formations are terrigenous sedimentary rocks. The sandstone and mudstone of Sugnugur and Altan-Ovoo formations are almost similar to petrochemical properties, mostly of greywacke composition. The source of sandstone and mudstone of Altan-Ovoo Formation are the only silicic magmatic rocks, while the rocks of Sugnugur Formation are silicic magmatic rocks, with a mixture of quartz-sedimentary rocks, intermediate to mafic magmatic rocks. Sandstone and mudstone of Altan-Ovoo and Sugnugur formations are deposited in the active continental area by their petrochemical properties. These results support the results of the previous research on the Middle to Upper Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the previous researcher's Khangai-Khentii orogenic belt. This study curried out funding of “Higher Engineering Education Development (M-JEED ) Project” and Nagoya University of Japan. Төв Монгол, Туулын их тохойрол орчмын дунд-дээд палеозойн тунамал, хувирмал чулуулгийн петрохими  Хураангуй: Туулын их тохойрол нь Төв Монголын Хангай-Хэнтийн ороген тогтолцооны Хэнтийн хэсэгт байрлана. Судалгааны талбайд Асралт хайрханы террейний венлок-доод девоны Сөгнөгөр ба Улаанбаатар террейний пенсилванийн Алтан-Овоо формацын тунамал, хувирмал чулуулгууд зонхилон тархдаг. Тунамал хурдсын эх үүсвэр, тектоник орчны судалгаа нь уг бүс нутгийн геологи, тектоникийн хөгжлийн түүхийг ойлгоход чухал ач холбогдолтой. Судалгаанд Сөгнөгөр формацын 9 ш, Алтан-Овоо формацын 6 ш алевролит, элсэн, чулуу, занар хамрагдав. Гол элементийн геохимийн шинжилгээг Японы Нагоягийн Их сургуулийн Геохимийн лабораторид рентген флюоресценцийн (XRF) аргаар хийлээ. Сөгнөгөр ба Алтан-Овоо формацын занарын протолит нь терриген тунамал чулуулаг байна. Сөгнөгөр ба Алтан-Овоо формацын алевролит, элсэн чулуу петрохимийн шинжээрээ ойролцоо, голдуу грауваккын найрлагатай байна. Алтан-Овоо формацын аргиллит, элсэн чулууны эх үүсвэр дан ганц хүчиллэг магмын чулуулаг, харин Сөгнөгөр формацынх хүчиллэг магмын чулуулгаас гадна багаар кварцын тунамал чулуулаг, дундлаг ба суурилаг магмын чулуулаг бүхий холимог найрлагатай байна. Сөгнөгөр ба Алтан-Овоо формацын чулуулгууд петрохимийн шинжээрээ эх газрын идэвхтэй захад хуримтлагдсан байна. Эдгээр үр дүн нь өмнөх судлаачдын Хангай-Хэнтийн ороген тогтолцооны дунд-дээд палеозойн тунамал чулуулагт хийсэн судалгааны үр дүнг дэмжиж байна. Судалгааны ажил нь Япон-Монголын хамтарсан M-JEED “1000 инженер” инженер технологийн дээд боловсрол төслийн санхүүжилтээр хийгдэв. Түлхүүр үг: Төв Азийн ороген бүс, элсэн чулуу, Улаанбаатар террейн, Асралт хайрхан террейн

An Elemental Analysis of Different CD-R discs

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 752-756
Author(s):  
Amir Pishkoo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

In this study Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) as reliable and non-destructive techniques has been applied to compare thickness, major and trace elements of different brands of CD-R discs. Three elements, namely Ag, Ba, and Ti were found to be the major elements.

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