scholarly journals Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Major Elements and Minerals: Clues from a Late Pleistocene Core from Campos Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6206
Author(s):  
Guilherme A. Pedrão ◽  
Karen B. Costa ◽  
Felipe A. L. Toledo ◽  
Mariana O. Tomazella ◽  
Luigi Jovane
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Altman Plot ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Elementary Analysis ◽  
Campos Basin ◽  
Mineral Associations ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Mis 5

Element and mineral associations are fundamental parameters for palaeoceanographical reconstructions but laboratory methodologies are expensive, time-consuming and need a lot of material. Here, we investigate the quality and reliability of XRF measurements of major elements (Fe, Ti and Ca) using BTX II Benchtop, by comparing them with previous ICP-OES elemental analysis for a set of Late Pleistocene marine sediments from Campos Basin. Although the numerical values of the logarithmic form of the elementary ratios were different, the lnTi/Ca and lnFe/Ca ratios measured by both techniques (XRF and ICP-OES) presented similar downcore results. To correct the XRF intensity data, a linear regression model was calculated and, based on the linear equation generated, the logarithmic values of the elementary XRF ratios were corrected. After the correction, One-Sample t-test and Bland–Altman plot show that both techniques obtained similar results. In addition, a brief paleoceanographic interpretation, during the MIS 5 and MIS 4 periods, was conducted by comparing mineralogical and elementary analysis aiming to reconstruct the variations of the terrigenous input to the studied area. As a conclusion, the results from XRF measurements (BTX II) presented to confirm the viability of such a technique, showing that analysis using BTX II is a reliable, cheap, rapid and non-destructive option for obtaining elementary ratios and mineralogical downcore results at high resolution, allowing stratigraphic and paleoceanographic interpretations.

scholarly journals Review on Mineral Characterization of Precambrian Charnockites – using PIXE Technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avupati Venkata Surya Satyanarayana ◽  
Mokka Jagannadharao ◽  
Kemburu Chandra Mouli ◽  
Kollu Sai Satya Mounika
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Trace Elemental Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Trace Elemental ◽  
Mineral Characterization ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract. Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) has been applied to a analytical tool for long range of major, minor and trace elemental analysis in Precambrian charnockites. PIXE is sensitive and non-destructive method for some elemental analysis in a variety of Precambrian charnockite rocks down to levels of a few parts per million and it is not valid for all remaining elements in the composition. The elements identified in the Precambrian charnokite rock are Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Pb are identified without exact values by PIXE but the elements minor F, major elements Na, Mg, Al, Si, P and Ba and traces of Co, Th and U not detected due to various reasons even though there present in the charnockites, because of PIXE which is operation at 3 MeV energy and characterization material of charnockite mineral investigated. In mineral characterization of charnockite rocks, elemental errors in concentration of the compositions explained by comparing with present and previous studies.

scholarly journals Optimising Sample Preparation and Calibrations in EDXRF for Quantitative Soil Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
Maame E. T. Croffie ◽  
Paul N. Williams ◽  
Owen Fenton ◽  
Anna Fenelon ◽  
Konrad Metzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) is a rapid and inexpensive method for soil analysis; however, analytical results are influenced by particle size effects and spectral interferences. The objective of this study was to optimise sample preparation and calibrations to improve the accuracy of EDXRF for soil tests. Methods of sample preparation were compared by calculating the recoveries of 13 elements in four International Soil-Analytical Exchange (ISE) standards prepared as loose powder (LP), pressed pellet (PP), and pressed pellet with wax binder (PPB). A matching library (ML) was created and evaluated against the fundamental parameters (FP) calibration using 20 ISE standards. Additionally, EDXRF results of 41 tillage soils were compared with Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) results. The PPB had most recoveries within the acceptable range of 80–120%; conversely, PP yielded the poorest element recoveries. For the calibration, the ML provided better recoveries of Ni, Pb, Cu, Mg, S, P, and Cr; however, for Zn, and Mn, it had the opposite effect. Furthermore, EDXRF results compared with ICP-OES separated by soil texture class for Al, K, Mn, and Fe. In conclusion, the EDXRF is suitable for quantifying both trace elements and macronutrients in contaminated soils and has the potential to provide screening or prediction of soil texture in agriculture.

Nanoscale chemical imaging of soil organo-mineral associations.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriane Jamoteau ◽  
Nithavong Cam ◽  
Clément Levard ◽  
Thierry Woignier ◽  
Adrien Boulineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Chemical Imaging ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mineral Associations ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Main Component

<p>Organo-mineral associations drive organic matter (OM) stabilization in soils, but mechanisms controlling their dynamics are still not fully known at micro and nanoscale. Adsorption of OM on minerals’ surfaces is a prevalent viewpoint of OM stabilization processes (Kleber et al., 2007), but Basile-Doelsch et al., (2015) suggested that mineral alteration generating amorphous nanophases and cationic oligomers on minerals’ surfaces is also a driver of OM stabilization through coprecipitation processes. Lab experiments which mimic these processes showed that the nanosized co-precipitates (Nanosized Coprecipitates of inorganic oLIgomers with organiCs: nanoCLICs) are made of inorganic Fe, Al, Si oligomers associated with organic molecules (Tamrat et al., 2019). Andosols are known to have a high OM-stabilization capacity, mostly attributed to associations of OM with nanominerals (imogolite, allophane, proto-imogolite) (Basile-Doelsch et al., 2007; Levard et al., 2012). In the present study, we investigated the presence of nanoCLICs in Andosol fractions from La Martinique (French West Indies). We used Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM, FEI Tecnai Osiris 200kV) coupled with 4 EDX detectors and EELS to semi-quantify and map major elements. TEM analyzed zones of interest ranged from 5 µm to 10 nm with pixel size from 500 to 1 nm. Few crystallized minerals, particulate OM and amorphous thin fibers that could not be definitively attributed to imogolite nanotubes were observed. However, we mainly observed totally amorphous phases to electron diffraction. Al, Si, C, Fe and O were the main component of the latter amorphous phases. Al, Si and Fe were systematically associated to C even at a size resolution down to 1 nm (semi-quantifications ranged from 11 to 41% of C, 4 to 7% of Fe, 34 to 36% of Al and 22 to 46% of Si). Similar high-resolution images were obtained for the andosol organo-mineral associations and the synthetic nanoCLICs. At the working TEM resolution, the nanoCLICs model proposed by Tamrat et al., (2019) is consistent with the structures observed on the andosol. Based on these results, the majority of C appears to be in nanoCLICs form in these Andosol fractions and confirms the hypothesis puts forward by Basile Doelsch et al., (2015).</p><p>Basile Doelsch et al., 2007. Mineral control of carbon pools in a volcanic soil horizon. Geoderma, 137 (3-4), 477-489. ISSN 0016-706.</p><p>Basile-Doelsch et al., 2015. Are Interactions between Organic Compounds and Nanoscale Weathering Minerals the Key Drivers of Carbon Storage in Soils? Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 3997–3998.</p><p>Kleber et al., 2007. A Conceptual Model of Organo-Mineral Interactions in Soils: Self-Assembly of Organic Molecular Fragments into Zonal Structures on Mineral Surfaces. Biogeochemistry 85, nᵒ 1 (1 août 2007): 9‑24.</p><p>Levard et al., 2012. « Structure and distribution of allophanes, imogolite and proto-imogolite in volcanic soils ». Geoderma 183‑184 (1 août 2012): 100‑108. </p><p>Tamrat et al., 2019. « Soil organo-mineral associations formed by co-precipitation of Fe, Si and Al in presence of organic ligands ». Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 10 juin 2019. </p>

scholarly journals 226Ra/238U Dates by Non-Destructive .GAMMA.-ray Spectrometry of Late Pleistocene Corals in Minami-and Kita-Daito Islands,Okinawa, Japan.

1991 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio KAWANA ◽  
Hatsuo TAIRA ◽  
Akira TANAHARA ◽  
Hiroshige AOKI ◽  
Yoko OTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Non Destructive

Geochemical characterisation of north Asian glazed stonewares: a comparative analysis of NAA, ICP-OES and non-destructive pXRF

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 2921-2933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Mitchell ◽  
Peter Grave ◽  
Michael Maccheroni ◽  
Evgenia Gelman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals Late Middle—Early Late Pleistocene Mammoths from the Lower Don River Region (Russia)

Quaternary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Vera S. Baigusheva ◽  
Vadim V. Titov
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton ◽  
River Region ◽  
Don River ◽  
Early Late ◽  
Mis 5 ◽  
South Of European Russia ◽  
Woolly Mammoth

The remains of “early” mammoths from a number of localities of the late Middle—early Late Pleistocene on the territory of the South of European Russia (the basin of the Don River, Rostov Region) are described. The description of the teeth and bones of a postcranial skeleton is given. Teeth characteristics (number of plates, lamellar frequency and enamel thickness) allow determining the finds as Mammuthus intermedius, described from the territory of France but known from other regions of Western Europe and Western Siberia as well. In Eastern Europe, this form was a typical representative of the Khazarian theriocomplex and existed during the MIS 5–7 interval. This mammoth taxon differs noticeably from the typical woolly mammoth M. primigenius, which appeared in continental Europe during MIS 4.

scholarly journals Glacier-Induced Alluvial Fan Development on the Northeast Tibetan Plateau Since the Late Pleistocene

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuyuan An ◽  
BadingQiuying ◽  
Shanlu Li ◽  
Donglin Gao ◽  
Tianyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Alluvial Sediments ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Mis 5 ◽  
Geomorphic Processes

The origin of alluvial fans at the drainage basin or the margins of the arid sedimentary basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) has been a focus of debate among scientific communities. Extensive alluvial fans had developed in the mountain-basin systems of this region during the late Pleistocene. Based on geomorphic/stratigraphic studies and the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronology, we investigated numerous alluvial sequences in the drainage basin of the coupled mountain-basin system on the NETP. Sedimentologic analyses showed that these alluvial sediments mainly comprise crudely meter and decimeter beds of fanglomerate and sandy lenticles, which occasionally contain boulders in the thinner layers. OSL dating results showed that the alluvial sediments were mainly developed during the late MIS 5, MIS 3, and Last Glaciation and Deglaciation (maximum aggradations), while little had occurred during the early Holocene. Comparing our ages and their probability density curves with those of glacial advances from the northeastern/eastern TP, the consistency of both records during different stages since the late Pleistocene suggested that the development of alluvial fans was driven by glacier activities, which yielded abundant outwash, feeding alluvial aggradations. Based on this finding, together with results of previous studies, we argued that the dynamics of alluvial geomorphic processes had a paleoclimatic origin rather than surface uplifts. Further studies indicated that the precipitation of glaciations originated from the ISM northward intrusion during the late MIS 5, MIS 3, and Holocene; however, it was mainly influenced by the westerlies during the Last Glaciation and Deglaciation. Therefore, the development of alluvial fans on the NETP represents coupling signals of the ISM and the westerlies on the interglacial–glacial cycle timescales. The coupling evolution of glacier activities and alluvial aggradations in the drainage basins of mountain-basin systems on the NETP provides a model for assessing the linkages between regional geomorphic processes and atmospheric circulations on hemispheric scales.

An Elemental Analysis of Different CD-R discs

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 752-756
Author(s):  
Amir Pishkoo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

In this study Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) as reliable and non-destructive techniques has been applied to compare thickness, major and trace elements of different brands of CD-R discs. Three elements, namely Ag, Ba, and Ti were found to be the major elements.

scholarly journals Quantitative Raman calibration of sulfate-bearing polymineralic mixtures: a S quantification in sedimentary rocks on Mars

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Larre ◽  
Yann Morizet ◽  
Catherine Guillot-Deudon ◽  
Fabien Baron ◽  
Nicolas Mangold
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Martian Soil ◽  
Natural Silicate ◽  
Climatic Evolution ◽  
Mechanical Mixtures ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Calibration Equations ◽  
Voigt Function ◽  
Curiosity Rover

AbstractThe NASA 2020 Mars mission is a Curiosity-type rover whose objective is to improve the knowledge of the geological and climatic evolution of Mars and to collect rock samples for return to Earth. The new rover has a payload of seven instruments including the SuperCam instrument which consists of four tools including a Raman spectrometer. This Raman device will be non-destructive and will analyse the surface remotely in order to determine the mineralogy of rocks and, by extent, to detect and quantify major elements such as sulfur. Sulfur has been detected as sulfate (Ca,Mg,Fe-sulfates) in sedimentary rocks. This element is difficult to quantify using the laser ablation tool of the ChemCam instrument on-board the Curiosity rover.We propose a Raman calibration to constrain the sulfur abundance in polymineralic mixtures. We acquired Raman signatures on binary and ternary mechanical mixtures containing Ca and Mg sulfates, mixed with natural silicate minerals supposed to be relevant to basaltic-sedimentary rocks at the surface of Mars: olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and plagioclase. Using the Voigt function to process the Raman spectra from samples extracted from our mixtures allows us to calculate the initial proportions of our preparations of Ca and Mg sulfates. From these simulations, calibration equations have been provided allowing us to determine sulfate proportions (CaSO4 and MgSO4) in a mixture with basaltic minerals. With the presented calibration, S can be quantified at a lower limit of 0.7 wt.% in Martian soil.

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