scholarly journals Acute hyperviscosity: syndromes and management

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (13) ◽  
pp. 1379-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morie A. Gertz
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Red Cell Count

Plasma hyperviscosity is a rare complication of both monoclonal and polyclonal disorders associated with elevation of immunoglobulins. Asymptomatic patients with an elevation in the serum viscosity do not require plasma exchange, and the majority will have other indications for therapeutic intervention. For patients with hemorrhagic or central nervous system manifestations, plasma exchange is the therapy of choice and is relatively safe. Viscosity measurements are not required to initiate therapy if the index of suspicion is high and the clinical presentation is typical. However, patients should have a sample sent for confirmation of the diagnosis. Whole-blood hyperviscosity is seen in patients with extreme elevation of the red cell and white cell count. Phlebotomy of patients with primary and secondary elevation of the red cell count is a well-established therapy.

Genetic and Environmental Effects on Blood Cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M.D. Dal Colletto ◽  
D.W. Fulker ◽  
O.C. de O. Barretto ◽  
M. Kolya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Twin Analysis ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Red Cell Count

AbstractIn a sample of 105 concordant sex MZ and DZ twin pairs, the following characteristics were measured: red cell count, haemoglobin concentration, package cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, reticulocytes, platelets, white cell count and the six types of leucocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, band and segmented neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. The statistical model employed in the univariate twin analysis allows for three sources of variation: genetic (h2), shared environmental (c2) and specific environmental influences (e2). A genetic component was significant for red cell count, haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin (0.64, 0.60 and 0.46 respectively), with heritable variation suggested for package cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, lymphocytes and monocytes. Shared environmental variation was only present for neutrophils.

scholarly journals Establishment of baseline haematology and biochemistry parameters in wild adult African penguins (Spheniscus demersus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nola J. Parsons ◽  
Adam M. Schaefer ◽  
Stephen D. Van der Spuy ◽  
Tertius A. Gous
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Spheniscus Demersus ◽  
Red Cell Count

There are few publications on the clinical haematology and biochemistry of African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) and these are based on captive populations. Baseline haematology and serum biochemistry parameters were analysed from 108 blood samples from wild, adult African penguins. Samples were collected from the breeding range of the African penguin in South Africa and the results were compared between breeding region and sex. The haematological parameters that were measured were: haematocrit, haemoglobin, red cell count and white cell count. The biochemical parameters that were measured were: sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, inorganic phosphate, creatinine, cholesterol, serum glucose, uric acid, bile acid, total serum protein, albumin, aspartate transaminase and creatine kinase. All samples were serologically negative for selected avian diseases and no blood parasites were detected. No haemolysis was present in any of the analysed samples. Male African penguins were larger and heavier than females, with higher haematocrit, haemoglobin and red cell count values, but lower calcium and phosphate values. African penguins in the Eastern Cape were heavier than those in the Western Cape, with lower white cell count and globulin values and a higher albumin/globulin ratio, possibly indicating that birds are in a poorer condition in the Western Cape. Results were also compared between multiple penguin species and with African penguins in captivity. These values for healthy, wild, adult penguins can be used for future health and disease assessments.

Interrelationship between platelet count, red cell count, white cell count and weight in men

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W.L. SIEBERS ◽  
J.M. CARTER ◽  
P.J. WAKEM ◽  
T.J.B. MALING
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Count

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations in Haematological and Biochemical Parameters

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Gidlow ◽  
John F Church ◽  
Barbara E Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Biochemical Screening ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Red Cell Count ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Biochemical and haematological data obtained over five consecutive years are presented on the male workforce of a large chemical company. The data have been subjected to statistical analysis and quantify the influence of age and the month of the year in which the samples were taken. The red cell count, white cell count, serum γ-glutamyl transferase, alanine transaminase and creatinine show significant and consistent seasonal variations. The previously published work on the influence of age on several indices is confirmed. Biochemical screening may be a method of detecting early signs of toxicity in man but such factors as age, sex and season must be taken into account when comparing the results obtained from exposed and non-exposed groups.

scholarly journals Leukopenia Following Administration of Nicotinic Acid

Blood ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK A. BASSEN ◽  
A. DAVID ETESS ◽  
ROBERT L. ROSENTHAL
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Count

Abstract 1. Intravenous nicotinic acid produces an immediate and marked neutropenia, which disappears within 15 minutes. The lymphocytes frequently show a slight reduction; but the red cell count, hematocrit and platelet count reveal no significant variation. 2. This response was similar in splenectomized and nonsplenectomized subjects. 3. In 2 patients with leukemia the white cell count was reduced in 5 minutes by nicotinic acid from 177,800 to 146,400 and 73,300 to 33,600. 4. The mechanism of the granulocytopenia after nicotinic acid is discussed in relation to its vasodilatation action and the distribution of leukocytes in the vascular system. This concept is outlined in table 5.

An Assessment of Red Cell Deformability Using a Simple Filtration Method

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Drummond ◽  
G Lowe ◽  
J Belch ◽  
C Forbes ◽  
J Barbenel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Deformability ◽  
Red Cell Deformability ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Significant Difference

We investigated the reproducibility and validity of a simple method of measuring red cell deformability (filtration of whole blood through 5 µ sieves) and its relationship to haematocrit, blood viscosity, fibrinogen, white cell count, sex and smoking. The mean coefficient of variation in normals was 3. 7%. Tanned red cells showed marked loss of deformability. Blood filtration rate correlated with haematocrit (r = 0. 99 on dilution of samples, r = 0. 7 in 120 normals and patients). After correction for haematocrit, deformability correlated with high shear viscosity, but not low shear viscosity, fibrinogen or white cell count. In 60 normals there was no significant difference between males and females, or smokers and non-smokers, but in 11 smokers there was an acute fall in deformability after smoking 3 cigarettes (p<0. 05). Reduced deformability was found in acute myocardial infarction (n = 15, p<0. 01) and chronic peripheral arterial disease (n = 15, p<0. 01). The technique is reproducible, detects rigid cells and appears useful in the study of vascular disease.

scholarly journals The incidence and pathophysiology of neurological symptoms in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Igor V. Litvinenko ◽  
Miroslav M. Odinak ◽  
Nikolay V. Tsygan ◽  
Aleksander V. Ryabtsev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The central nervous system seems to be quite vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, leading to a variety of alteration pathways, high incidence and variability of the neurological symptoms of COVID-19. The COVID-19 symptoms, possibly associated with alteration to the central nervous system, include hyperthermia, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, dizziness, dysphonia, dysphagia, hyposmia and anosmia, hypogeusia and ageusia, impairment of consciousness. The impairment of olfaction and gustation are the most common symptoms of the nervous system alteration (98% and 70%, respectively), which is most likely a consequence of the alteration of the receptors. Presumably the pathogenesis of dysphonia and dysphagia may involve neurodegenerative mechanisms or may be associated with a predominantly demyelinating alteration of the caudal cranial nerves. Pathomorphological findings in the brain of the COVID-19 patients include diffuse hypoxic and focal ischemic injuries of various sizes up to ischemic infarctions (in thrombosis of large arteries); microangiopathy; vasculitis; diapedetic and confluent hemorrhages with possible progression to hemorrhagic infarctions and rarely intracerebral hematomas. Acute cerebrovascular accident worsens the course of COVID-19 and can worsen the clinical outcome, taking into account the mechanisms of the central nervous system alteration in highly contagious coronavirus infections (SARS-CoV, MERS, SARS-CoV-2), including embolism, hypoxia, neurodegeneration, systemic inflammatory response and immune-mediated alteartion to the nervous tissue. A fairly rare complication of coronavirus infection, however, acute myelitis requires attention due to the severity of neurological disorders. The literature data show high incidence and polymorphism of the symptoms of the central nervous system alteration, as well as the important role of the cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathogenesis of brain alteration in COVID-19, which is taken into account in examining and treating the patients with new coronavirus infection. (1 figure, bibliography: 61 refs)

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