Biochemical and Hematological Relationship with the Evaluation of Autonomic Dysfunction by Heart Rate Recovery in Patients with Asthma and Type 2 Diabetes

There are several methods to assess the function of the autonomic nervous system. Among them, heart rate recovery (HRR) is an accepted, easy, low-cost technique. Different pathological conditions have been related to the development of autonomic dysfunction. Our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between HRR and HRR-derived parameters in ambulatory patients with asthma or type 2 diabetes followed at the National Institutes of Health in Mexico City. A total of 78 participants, 50 women and, 28 men were enrolled; anthropometric, respiratory evaluations, and fasting blood samples were taken before participants performed a 6-min walking test (6MWT). Abnormal HRR was defined as a drop of ≤8 and ≤11 beats/min at 1 or 2 min and correlated negatively with basal oxygen saturation at 1 min. Heart rate at 1 min, correlated negatively with final oxygen saturation (p < 0.01). Statistically significant negative correlations were also observed between red cell count and white blood cell count and HOMA-IR with a p < 0.01. Since discrete hematological but significant changes correlated with HRR and HRR-derived parameters, we consider that these measures are helpful in clinical settings to identify subclinical autonomic dysfunction that permits us to prevent or anticipate chronic and fatal clinical outcomes.

A case study of Human iron deficiency Anaemia in different age groups from Ujjain (M.P.) India

Iron deficiency Anaemia is the most common case of nutritional Anaemia worldwide and is a public health problem in developing countries; characterized by abnormal red cell count (MCV, MCHC). Iron deficiency Anaemia associated with fatigue, skin paleness, weakness etc. The aim of the study is to determine the risk factors for iron deficiency Anaemia among population of Ujjain district (M.P.). Both male and female iron deficient patients were studied from the SS hospital and CHL applo hospitals during Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2012. A group of 6828 patients were studied for iron deficiency Anaemia in different age groups. A total of 4549 female and 2279 males were studied. Information was collected about sex, socioeconomic level. It is inferred that the percentage of anaemia is more in women compared to men.

Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Musa paradisiaca Fruit Pulp and Peels on Haematological Indices and Liver Enzymes of Experimental Rats

Medicinal plants usage in traditional medicine has risen over the years. Musa paradisiaca has been reported that it possesses various therapeutic efficacies. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of parts of the ethanol fruit extracts of Musa paradisiaca on haematological indices and serum liver enzymes. Thirty Wistar rats were grouped into five groups of six animals each which were administered 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of Musa paradisiac fruit (MPF) pulp extract or peel extract. Haematological indices and liver enzymes were assayed for at the end of the 14-days experimental period. MPF pulp and MPF peel at 400 mg/kg showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in red cell count and haematocrit level as compared to the control. There was a non-significant (P>0.05) increase in haemoglobin concentration in the treated rats as compared to the control. There was also a non-significant (P>0.05) change in AST, ALT, and ALP level of the treated rats as compared to the control. Fruit pulp and peel of Musa paradisiaca improve erythrocytes count and haematocrit level, and they may not be associated with liver toxicity.

The Association Between Hypocalcemia and Outcome in COVID-19 Patients: a Retrospective Study

Background: Calcium has been shown to have a vital role in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV diseases but less is known about hypocalcemia in COVID-19 patients and its association with the disease severity and the final outcome. Therefore, this study was conducted with an aim to assess the clinical features in the COVID-19 patients having hypocalcemia and to observe its impact on COVID-19 disease severity and final outcome.Method: In this retrospective study, consecutive COVID-19 patients of all age groups were enrolled. Demographical, clinical and laboratory details were collected and analysed. On the basis of albumin-corrected calcium level patients were classified into normocalcemic (n=51) and hypocalcemic (n=110). Death was the primary outcome. Results: The mean age of hypocalcemic were significantly lower (p<0.05). A significantly higher number of normocalcemic patients had severe COVID-19 disease(92.73%, p<0.01), had comorbidities (82.73%, p<0.05) and required ventilator support(39.09%, p<0.01)compared to the hypocalcemic patients. The mortality rate was significantly higher (33.63%, p<0.05) in the hypocalcemic patients when compared with the normocalcemic patients (15.69%). Haemoglobin (p<0.01), hematocrit (p<0.01) and red cell count (p<0.01) were significantly lower with higher levels of absolute neutrophil count (<0.05) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (p<0.01) in the hypocalcemic patients. Albumin-corrected calcium level had a significant positive correlation with haemoglobin level, haematocrit, red cell count, total protein, albumin and albumin to globulin ratio and a significant negative correlation with absolute neutrophil count and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio.Conclusion: The disease severity, ventilator requirement and mortality were considerably higher in hypocalcemic COVID-19 patients.

Antioxidant potential of Carica papaya Linn (Caricaceae) leaf extract in mice with cyclophosphamide induced oxidative stress

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the effects of crude extract of Carica papaya leaves on oxidative stress in mice induced by cyclophosphamide, as well as phytochemical profile characterization of this extract.METHODS: The male Swiss mice received 15 days of treatment with the extract (500 mg kg-1, via gavage) and intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (75 mg kg-1) or saline (0.9%) on the 15th day. After 24 h the last treatment, the animals were anesthetized for blood withdrawal, sacrificed and removal of the organs for analyses (liver, kidney and heart). In the biochemical tests were determined: hematological parameters in blood, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, glucose and total cholesterol dosages in plasma, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipid damage marker were evaluated in different tissues, besides genotoxic and histopathological analyzes.RESULTS: In the extract of Carica papaya leaves, the flavonoids quercetin-3β-D-glucoside and rutin were identified, besides present positive results for alkaloids, saponins and tannins. This extract increased the activity of glutathione-S-transferase and catalase enzymes in the liver and reduced the levels of reduced glutathione in the kidneys and hematocrit levels, red cell count, and hemoglobin. It promoted the decrease of the reactive species of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) in the kidneys and the activity of enzyme aspartate aminotransferase in the plasma and was antimutagenic in the micronucleus test.CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that extract of Carica papaya was beneficial against oxidative events and prevented DNA damage. The extract also showed hepatotoxicity, therefore prolonged infusion of papaya leaves is not advisable.

Analysis of Hematological Parameters of Non-Sickle Men with Priapism in Yola, Nigeria

Background/Objective: Priapism is a penile erectile abnormality characterized by prolonged painful erection, due to disturbances in regulatory mechanism that controls penile engorgement. Despite the role of hematology in diagnosis and management of priapism in Yola, there is dearth of information regarding hematological parameters of men with priapism therefore; this study aims to evaluate some hematological parameters of men with priapism. Material and Method: 43 subjects participated in this study comprising of 23 men of age 30±2.4years presented with priapism and 20 apparently healthy men without priapism used as control group. Men with priapism in this study presented late with very hard penis and average priapism duration of 5days. Hematological parameters of subjects were determined using Sysmex XN 550 hematological analyzer. Result: Mean erythrocyte count of subject was 3.61±0.3 X106/µl while red cell count of control group was 4.31±0.3 X106/µl at P<0.05. Mean Cell Volume (MCV) of men with priapism was 89.2±0.8fl while MCV of the control group was 75.3±1.0fl. Furthermore, Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH) of control and subject groups were 25.8±0.5pg and 32.1±0.6pg respectively. Mean total leucocyte count of subjects and control group were 16.8±1.4 X103/µl and 8.9±1.6 X103/µl respectively and absolute neutrophil counts of men with priapism was 9.9±2.7 X103/µl while neutrophil count of control group was 3.5±2.9 X103/µl. Conclusion: Men with Priapism had mild leukocytosis as well as increase neutrophil count, MCV and MCH values when compare with control group. It is believed that information provided in this study will improve the clinical care of men with priapism in this locality

Bio-physiological characteristics for juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch of artifcial and natural origin

Results of biological and physiological surveys of juvenile coho salmon from hatcheries of Magadan Region (artifcial origin) and from the main rivers of the northern Okhotsk Sea coast (natural origin) are presented. Biological and morpho-physiological indices of coho fry are compared between different salmon hatcheries and different rivers. Hematological indices for the fsh of natural origin are considered in dynamics. Positive effect of the higher water temperature and longer growing in artifcial conditions on length, body weight, fatness, feeding intensity and morpho-physiological indices of internal organs (liver, intestines) is detected for the coho fry; effect of the water temperature on length and weight of coho salmon in natural conditions is also positive. There is concluded that the coho salmon growing from the larvae under relatively high and stable temperature (4–5 oC) can provide the weight of fry over 0.6 g no later than middle July. If coho salmon is cultivated in conditions of low temperature (0.8–1.0 оС), the short-term growing before release (2.0–2.5 months) under a higher temperature (> 5o) is recommended to improve its fry quality, possibly in the nursery ponds equipped in natural reservoirs — in this case, the juveniles with the weight over 1.0 g could be produced in late August. Hematological indices are measured for different age groups of coho salmon from several rivers. Their dependence on the water temperature was not determined because of high variety of physiological state. However, a signifcant deviation to decrease from the normal values was detected for the red cell count and hemoglobin content in blood of the coho juveniles caught from the Taui River in 2018, obviously reasoned by their younger age and lower size and weight. The juveniles caught from the Yana River in 2016 had no signifcant deviations from the normal values, except of the hematocrit value that indicated stable conditions of their habitat and normal age structure. The hematological indices (hemoglobin content and red cell count) of coho juveniles caught from the Taui River in 2013 and 2014 corresponded to the end of downstream migration. Increasing of hematological indices with age of juveniles is found for coho salmon of natural origin living in favorable environments (favorable water temperature, good food supply).