A Cost-Utility Analysis of Nilotinib for CML Patients Who Have Become Resistant to Imatinib.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 5175-5175
Author(s):  
H. Pilgrim ◽  
K. Jewitt ◽  
S. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Standard Dose ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Lifetime Horizon ◽  
Imatinib Resistant ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background: New generation BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors are promising treatments for CML patients who are imatinib resistant or intolerant. The objective of this study was to consider the cost-utility of nilotinib in comparison to ‘high dose’ (800 mg) imatinib (the current standard comparator in the UK) for chronic-phase CML patients resistant to standard dose 400 mg imatinib using a lifetime horizon. The analysis is based on a UK NHS perspective. Methods: A Markov model was developed using interim data from the phase II CAMN107A2101 registration study of nilotinib and data from the 39 patients who were dose-escalated, due to a sub-optimal response, to 800 mg imatinib within the IRIS phase III trial of imatinib versus interferon. Based on this evidence, the estimated 18-month survival has been extrapolated over a lifetime using parametric Weibull regression. Since the price of nilotinib in the UK was still to be determined at the time of preparation, the cost was assumed to be £106.94 per day, price parity with high dose imatinib. The costs and utilities associated with adverse events have been incorporated during the first six months following treatment. All costs and utilities were discounted at 3.5%. Results: Nilotinib is estimated to cost an additional £49K and generate an additional 2.18 Quality-Adjusted Life Year’s (QALYs) in comparison to high dose imatinib over a patient’s lifetime. Therefore, the incremental cost-utility of nilotinib versus high dose imatinib is expected to be approximately £22K per QALY gained. This result is subject to uncertainty around data extrapolation. However availability of longer term data from the ongoing nilotinib trial will allow validation at a later date. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that nilotinib provides a clinically and cost-effective treatment (according to conventionally acceptable thresholds) for CML patients who have become imatinib resistant, in an indication where limited alternative treatment options exist.

Imatinib High Dose (800 mg): Results of a Phase II Trial of the GIMEMA (Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Dell’Adulto) CML Working Party in Intermediate Sokal Risk Patients and Status-of-the-Art of an Ongoing Multinational, Prospective Randomized Trial of Imatinib Standard Dose (400 mg Daily) vs High Dose (800 mg Daily) in High Sokal Risk Patients.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4776-4776
Author(s):  
Gianantonio Rosti ◽  
Fausto Castagnetti ◽  
Marilina Amabile ◽  
Nicoletta Testoni ◽  
Angela Poerio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Risk Patients

Abstract Imatinib has become the treatment of choice for CML. The standard dose (SD) for CP CML is 400 mg daily: results are less favourable in pts at high or intermediate Sokal risk vs low Sokal risk ones. In intermediate Sokal risk, the IRIS trial (Hughes et al NEJM 349:15, 2003 ) reported at 12 mos a complete cytogenetic response (CCgR- 0% Ph-pos) rate of 67% and a major molecular response (MMolR) rate of 45%. Pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that high doses (HD - 800 mg daily) of ima may be more effective. The GIMEMA CML Working party is conducting a phase II, multi-istitutional prospective study (serial n. CML/021) to investigate the effects of imatinib HD in intermediate Sokal risk. Between Jan, 2004 and May, 2005, 25 centers enrolled 82 pts (80 eval); median age 56 yrs (26–79). Pts evaluable at 3,6 and 12 mos are 80, 77 and 65, respectively. The median observation time is 12 mos. At 3 and 6 mos, 83% and 97% of the pts reached a stable CHR. At 6 mos, 86% obtained a CCgR and 53% of CCgR pts a MMolR (Bcr-Abl/Abl × 100 ratio < 0.1%). At 12 mos, the CCgR rate was 90% and the MMolR rate was 57%. One patient progressed to accelerated/blastic phase. The compliance to HD treatment was good: at 3, 6 and 12 mos 55%, 52% and 52% of the pts received a median daily dose of imatinib > 600 mg. Non hematopoietic AEs accounted for the great majority of dose reductions. The results of this trial further indicate that imatinib HD induces higher and more rapid responses in intermediate Sokal risk CML pts in early chronic phase, being superior to the results obtained with SD (IRIS) and in the range of the MD Anderson results (Kantarjian et al Blood 2004 103:2873). A second project is reserved to high Sokal risk CML pts in early CP: a multinational group, within EuropeanLeukemianet CML WP, is conducting a phase III trial (1:1) of imatinib 400 mg vs 800 mg. By July 31, 2005, 141 patients have been enrolled: GIMEMA (88 pts), Nordic CML Study Group (Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland) (25 pts), Turkey (25 pts) and Israel (3 pt).

scholarly journals Cost-utility analysis of evolocumab in patients with ASCVD in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Andrea Marcellusi ◽  
Chiara Bini ◽  
Maria Assunta Rotundo ◽  
Emanuela Arcangeli ◽  
Laura Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lifetime Horizon ◽  
Multiple Events ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
The Cost

Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of evolocumab in addition to standard statin therapy with or without ezetimibe in the treatment of patients with clinically evident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) with levels of LDL-C above 100 mg/dL. Method: A theoretical cohort of patients was forecast by a Markov model that includes 11 health states for a lifetime horizon. In the base-case, the standard therapy was characterized by statins with or without ezetimibe. Two sub-populations have been considered, Recent MI (Myocardial Infarction in the last year) and Multiple events (population with multiple MI). The results were also presented for a subset of the Multiple events populations consisting of patients who have experienced a myocardial infarction (MI) in the last year. Results: For the Recent MI and Multiple events populations, ICER values of € 39,547 and € 35,744 respectively were estimated. The value of ICER was lower for the Multiple events with MI < 1 year population (€ 29,949). Considering statins with ezetimibe as standard therapy, ICER values were found to be equal to € 39,781, € 35,986 and € 30,190 respectively for the populations Recent MI, Multiple events and Multiple events with MI < 1 year. Conclusions: The estimated ICER values for the Recent MI, Multiple events and Multiple events populations with MI < 1 year were below the cost-effectiveness threshold of € 40,000, suggesting therefore how the treatment with evolocumab in addition to the standard therapy can be a cost-effective treatment both compared to standard therapy with statins and standard therapy with statins + ezetimibe.

Multicenter, Randomized, Phase III Study Comparing Imatinib (Glivec) Standard Dose (400 mg/d) with Imatinib High Dose Induction (800 mg/d) Followed by Imatinib Maintenance (400 mg/d) in Patients with Pretreated Ph+/BCR-ABL+ CML in Chronic Phase - Results from the First Planned Interim Analysis (CELSG-CML 11 ISTAHIT Study).

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1048-1048
Author(s):  
Andreas L. Petzer ◽  
Dominik Wolf ◽  
Dominik Fong ◽  
Thomas Lion ◽  
Irina Dyagil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Cytogenetic Response ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Phase Iii Trial

Abstract 227 patients with pretreated Ph+/BCR-ABL+ CML were randomized into this 2-arm phase III trial comparing standard dose Imatinib (400 mg/d; arm A) with high dose (HD) Imatinib (800 mg/d for 6 months) for induction followed by Imatinib 400 mg/d for maintenance (400 mg/d; arm B). The interim analysis presented here was performed on all patients after 50% of the patients had been treated for 12 months since randomisation. There were no significant differences between treatment arms regarding sex, age and different pretreatments. Rates of complete hematological responses did not differ significantly between both groups at 3, 6 and 12 months (82% arm A, 90% arm B). However, significantly* more patients achieved a major (MCR) and a complete cytogenetic response (CCR) at 3 months (MCR: 21% arm A, 37% arm B; CCR: 6% arm A, 25% arm B) and 6 months (MCR: 34% arm A, 54% arm B; CCR: 20% arm A, 44% arm B). Moreover, significantly* more patients achieved a major molecular response (MMR) at 6 months in the Imatinib HD arm B compared to arm A (20% vs 7%). At 12 months, following dose reduction of Imatinib to 400 mg/d for maintenance at month 6 in the HD arm B, the rates of MCR (the primary endpoint of the study) were comparable (57% arm A, 59% arm B). Nevertheless, there was still a clear trend to higher rates of CCR (37% arm A, 48% arm B) and MMR (16% arm A, 21% arm B) in the HD arm, but at the time of the interim analysis these values did not reach statistical significance. In contrast to non-hematological toxicities, grade 3/4 hematological toxicities were significantly* more common in the HD arm B [anemia: 2% (A), 12% (B); leukopenia: 23% (A), 41% (B), thrombopenia: 14% (A), 34% (B)]. In conclusion, this is the first randomized phase III trial demonstrating significantly* higher rates of MCR, CCR and MMR in chronic phase CML during therapy with HD Imatinib. *p<0.05

CELSG CML 11 “ISTAHIT” Phase III Study – Planned Interim Analysis: High Doses of Imatinib Mesylate (800mg/day) Significantly Improve Rates of Major and Complete Cytogenetic Remissions (MCR, CCR) in Pretreated Ph+/BCR-ABL+ CML Patients in Chronic Phase.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1112-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas L. Petzer ◽  
Dominik Wolf ◽  
Dominic Fong ◽  
Thomas Lion ◽  
Irina Dyagil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Cytogenetic Response ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Phase Iii Study

Abstract We have recently reported results from the first planned interim analysis of a multicenter, randomised, 2-arm - phase III study comparing imatinib standard dose (400 mg/day; arm A) with imatinib high dose (HD) induction (800 mg/day; HD arm B) followed by imatinib standard dose maintenance (400 mg/day) in pretreated Ph+/BCRABL+ CML patients in chronic phase (CP; Blood,110,1048a). The first planned interim analysis was performed after 50% of the patients had been treated for 12 months (mo) since randomisation. A total of 227 patients were randomized. Pretreatments included hydroxyurea (96%), interferon (72%), busulfan (17%) and “others” (26%; mainly AraC +/− combinations). Although rates of complete haematological responses did not differ significantly between the 2 arms at 3, 6 and 12 mo, significantly more patients achieved a major (MCR) and a complete cytogenetic response (CCR) at 3 mo (MCR: 21% arm A, 37% arm B, p=0.01; CCR: 6% arm A, 25% arm B, p&lt;0.001) and 6 mo (MCR: 34% arm A, 54% arm B, p=0.009; CCR: 20% arm A, 44% arm B, p&lt;0.001). At 12 mo, following dose reduction of imatinib to 400 mg/d for “maintenance” at mo 6 in the HD arm B, the rates of MCR (the primary endpoint of the study) were comparabel (59% arm A, 57% arm B). Nevertheless, there was still a clear trend to higher rates of CCR (37% arm A, 48% arm B) in the HD arm B, but at the time of the interim analysis these values did not reach statistical significance. In contrast to non-hematological toxicities, grade 3/4 hematological toxicities were significantly more common in the HD arm B (anemia: 2% arm A, 14% arm B; leukopenia: 24% arm A, 46% arm B; thrombocytopenia: 15% arm A, 39% arm B; p≤0.02). Updated results reveal, that the cumulative median doses of imatinib were 400 mg (arm A) and 767 mg (arm B), respectively. The median days of dose interruptions during the first 6 mo were not significantly different (12.5 days arm A, 13 days arm B; p=0.78). Nevertheless, significantly more patients (65.1%) remained on the initial 400mg dose of imatinib in arm A as compared to the initial 800mg dose in the HD arm B (45.6%; p=0.009). 35% of the patients that had to be dose reduced in arm B were reduced to 600mg/day, 63% to 400mg and 2% to 300mg. The cumulative rates of MCR in patients with no dose reduction/interruption were higher in the HD arm B (71%) compared to arm A (59%, p=0.232). Moreover, the cumulative rates of CCR were significantly better for patients with no dose reduction/interruption in the HD arm B (61%) compared to the patients with no dose reduction/interruption in arm A (36%, p=0.014). In addition, in the HD arm B the cumulative rates of CCR were significantly better for patients with no dose reduction/interruption (61%) compared to patients in the HD arm B with an interruption and/or dose reduction (34.9%; p=0.017). Conclusions: These updated phase III data not only support the concept of more rapid and higher rates of cytogenetic remissions (MCR, CCR) when higher doses of imatinib are applied, they also suggested that patients that are capable to tolerate continous high dose imatinib may have a better outcome.

COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS TREATMENT IN THAILAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 584-592
Author(s):  
Chalakorn Chanatittarat ◽  
Usa Chaikledkaew ◽  
Naraporn Prayoonwiwat ◽  
Sasitorn Siritho ◽  
Pakamas Pasogpakdee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Best Supportive Care ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Lifetime Horizon ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment

Objectives:Although interferon beta-1a (IFNß−1a), 1b (IFNß−1b), and fingolimod have been approved as multiple sclerosis (MS) treatments, they have not yet been included on the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) formulary in Thailand. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-utility of MS treatments compared with best supportive care (BSC) based on a societal perspective in Thailand.Methods:A Markov model with cost and health outcomes over a lifetime horizon with a 1-month cycle length was conducted for relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients. Cost and outcome data were obtained from published studies, collected from major MS clinics in Thailand and a discount rate of 3 percent was applied. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated and univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.Results:When compared with BSC, the ICERs for patients with RRMS aged 35 years receiving fingolimod, IFNβ−1b, and IFNβ−1a were 33,000, 12,000, and 42,000 US dollars (USD) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, respectively. At the Thai societal willingness to pay (WTP) threshold of USD 4,500 per QALY gained, BSC had the highest probability of being cost-effective (49 percent), whereas IFNβ−1b and fingolimod treatments showed lower chance being cost-effective at 25 percent and 18 percent, respectively.Conclusions:Compared with fingolimod and interferon treatments, BSC remains to be the most cost-effective treatment for RRMS in Thailand based on a WTP threshold of USD 4,500 per QALY gained. The results do not support the inclusion of fingolimod or interferon in the NLEM for the treatment of RRMS unless their prices are decreased or special schema arranged.

scholarly journals Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Dose-Finding Study To Evaluate High-Dose Rifampin for Tuberculous Meningitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dian ◽  
V. Yunivita ◽  
A. R. Ganiem ◽  
T. Pramaesya ◽  
L. Chaidir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Time Curve

ABSTRACT High doses of rifampin may help patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) to survive. Pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic evaluations suggested that rifampin doses higher than 13 mg/kg given intravenously or 20 mg/kg given orally (as previously studied) are warranted to maximize treatment response. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial, we assigned 60 adult TBM patients in Bandung, Indonesia, to standard 450 mg, 900 mg, or 1,350 mg (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) oral rifampin combined with other TB drugs for 30 days. The endpoints included pharmacokinetic measures, adverse events, and survival. A double and triple dose of oral rifampin led to 3- and 5-fold higher geometric mean total exposures in plasma in the critical early days (2 ± 1) of treatment (area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h [AUC0–24], 53.5 mg · h/liter versus 170.6 mg · h/liter and 293.5 mg · h/liter, respectively; P < 0.001), with proportional increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations and without an increase in the incidence of grade 3 or 4 adverse events. The 6-month mortality was 7/20 (35%), 9/20 (45%), and 3/20 (15%) in the 10-, 20-, and 30-mg/kg groups, respectively (P = 0.12). A tripling of the standard dose caused a large increase in rifampin exposure in plasma and CSF and was safe. The survival benefit with this dose should now be evaluated in a larger phase III clinical trial. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02169882.)

scholarly journals FP728A COMPARISON OF THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF HIGH DOSE HEMODIALYSIS (HD) VERSUS CONVENTIONAL IN-CENTER HEMODIALYSIS (ICHD) IN THE NETHERLANDS, FRANCE, AND THE UK

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. iii320-iii320
Author(s):  
Dilip Makhija ◽  
Suzanne Laplante ◽  
Frank Xiaoqing Liu ◽  
Anna Trisia Beby ◽  
Jean-Jacques Dumas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
High Dose ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost
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