Long Term Results of Stanford V Regimen and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) In 59 Patients (pts) with HD and HIV Infection (HD-HIV)

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4827-4827
Author(s):  
Michele Spina ◽  
Jean Gabarre ◽  
Salvatrice Mancuso ◽  
Alessandro Re ◽  
Clara Schiantarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Free Survival

Abstract Abstract 4827 Background: The introduction of HAART has significantly improved the outcome of pts with HD-HIV. However there are no data on the long term follow-up of HD-HIV pts treated with conventional chemotherapy (CT) regimens. In 2002, we reported the results of a prospective phase II study with the intensive 12-week CT with adjuvant radiotherapy (Stanford V) and concomitant HAART in 59 pts (Spina et al. Blood 2002;100:1984-1988). Methods: To analyze the long term outcome of patients included in the Stanford V and HAART protocol. Results: The median follow-up is 67months (range 3–156 months The 5-yr overall survival (OS), freedom from progression (FFP), disease free survival and event free survival are 54%, 52%, 60% and 37%, respectively. The 5-year OS is significantly different in pts with an international prognostic score (IPS) >2 in comparison to that of pts with an IPS <3 (84% vs 36%, p= 0.0005). Similarly, the percentages of FFP at 5 years in these groups are 72% and 45% (p= 0.03). Conclusions: Our data confirm the long term efficacy of Stanford V regimen in combination with HAART in HD-HIV. However, Stanford V is significantly less effective in pts with IPS>2 and therefore new strategies be tested in this setting. Supported by AIRC and ISS grants. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Stanford V regimen in 59 patients (pts) with HD and HIV Infection (HD-HIV): A very effective approach in the long-term analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7583-7583
Author(s):  
M. Spina ◽  
J. Gabarre ◽  
M. Fasan ◽  
A. Re ◽  
C. Schiantarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Prospective Phase ◽  
Term Analysis

7583 Background: The introduction of HAART has significantly improved the outcome of pts with HD-HIV. However there are no data on the long-term follow-up of HD-HIV pts treated with conventional chemotherapy (CT) regimens and concomitant HAART. In 2002, we reported the results of a prospective phase II study with the intensive 12-week CT with adjuvant radiotherapy (Stanford V) and concomitant HAART in 59 pts with HD-HIV, a well-known unfavorable subgroup of HD (Spina et al. Blood 2002; 100:1984–1988). Methods: To analyze the long-term outcome of patients included in the Stanford V and HAART protocol. Results: The median follow-up is 53 months (range 3–104 months The overall survival (OS) is 59%, the freedom from progression (FFP) is 62% and the disease free survival (DFS) is 72%. The 5-year probability of OS was significantly different in pts with an international prognostic score (IPS) <3 in comparison to that of pts with an IPS >2 (84% vs 36%, p = 0.001). Similarly, the percentages of FFP at 5 years in these groups were 72% and 45% (p = 0.03). No significant side effects have been observed so far. Conclusions: After a median follow-up of 4.5 years, 72% of pts with this unfavorable subgroup and IPS <3 is free from progression, superimposable to that observed in the general population with comparable adverse prognostic factors. Therefore, Stanford V is a very effective regimen in pts with HD-HIV in the long-term analysis. Supported by AIRC and ISS grants. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Long-term outcome of patients with steroid-refractory acute severe UC treated with ciclosporin or infliximab

Gut ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Laharie ◽  
A Bourreille ◽  
J Branche ◽  
M Allez ◽  
Y Bouhnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Steroid Refractory

ObjectiveCiclosporin and infliximab have demonstrated short-term similar efficacy as second-line therapies in patients with acute severe UC (ASUC) refractory to intravenous steroids. The aim of this study was to assess long-term outcome of patients included in a randomised trial comparing ciclosporin and infliximab.DesignBetween 2007 and 2010, 115 patients with steroid-refractory ASUC were randomised in 29 European centres to receive ciclosporin or infliximab in association with azathioprine. Patients were followed until death or last news up to January 2015. Colectomy-free survival rates at 1 and 5 years and changes in therapy were estimated through Kaplan-Meier method and compared between initial treatment groups through log-rank test.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 5.4 years, colectomy-free survival rates (95% CI) at 1 and 5 years were, respectively, 70.9% (59.2% to 82.6%) and 61.5% (48.7% to 74.2%) in patients who received ciclosporin and 69.1% (56.9% to 81.3%) and 65.1% (52.4% to 77.8%) in those who received infliximab (p=0.97). Cumulative incidence of first infliximab use at 1 and 5 years in patients initially treated with ciclosporin was, respectively, 45.7% (32.6% to 57.9%) and 57.1% (43.0% to 69.0%). Only four patients from the infliximab group were subsequently switched to ciclosporin. Three patients died during the follow-up, none directly related to UC or its treatment.ConclusionsIn this cohort of patients with steroid-refractory ASUC initially treated by ciclosporin or infliximab, long-term colectomy-free survival was independent from initial treatment. These long-term results further confirm a similar efficacy and good safety profiles of both drugs and do not favour one drug over the other.Trial registration numberEudraCT: 2006-005299-42; ClinicalTrials.gouv number: NCT00542152; post-results.

Bortezomib Induction Followed by ASCT in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Achievement of Response After Induction and Achieving CR Post-ASCT Are Both Important Prognostic Markers

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 1866-1866
Author(s):  
Min Kyoung Kim ◽  
Chang-Ki Min ◽  
Myung Soo Hyun ◽  
Kihyun Kim ◽  
Sung-Soo Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Free Survival

Abstract Abstract 1866 Background: In multiple myeloma (MM), the association between the response to induction before autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and long-term outcome is less clear but the situation may change with the introduction of novel agents. We therefore assessed the clinical relevance of response of bortezomib induction treatment or post-ASCT response for patients who received bortezomib-combined induction chemotherapy followed by ASCT. Methods: We retrospectively assessed 183 MM patients who received bortezomib-containing induction therapy (BTZ-IT) followed by ASCT in 24 institutions throughout Korea between 2003 and 2010. Records of these patients were reviewed using the Korean Myeloma Registry database (www.myeloma.or.kr). Each institution was requested to reconfirm the data using additional case report forms. Patients who had overt MM based on International Myeloma Working Group diagnostic criteria were selected. Results: One-hundred seventy eight patients were eligible. Their median age was 56 years (range, 28–69 years) and 96 (53.9%) were male. Forty nine (27.5%) received bortezomib as front-line therapy and 129 (72.5%) as second-line treatment. All patients underwent ASCT and 22 (12.4%) were treated with tandem ASCT. Ninety-seven (54.5%) patients were treated with maintenance therapy after ASCT. After BTZ-IT, the response rates in this selected series of patients were 37.6% CR, 12.4% VGPR, 41.0% PR, 7.3% SD and 1.7% PD (Figure 1A, 1B, 1C); the corresponding post-ASCT rates were 69.2% CR, 14.0% VGPR, 11.0% PR, 2.9% SD and 2.9% PD. At a median follow-up of 46.6 months, the 3-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 70.0% and 31.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that factors independently predictive of OS and EFS included achievement of BTZ-IT response °Ã PR (P=0.025 and P=0.014, respectively) and the treatment with maintenance therapy (P=0.048 and P=0.001, respectively). Post-ASCT CR vs. °Â VGPR was also an independent prognostic factor for OS and EFS (P=0.0001 and P=0.002, respectively). Conclusion: At least PR to BTZ-IT and CR after ASCT were predictive of survival. These findings suggest that patients who responded to BTZ-IT may benefit from ASCT due to an enhanced quality of response. Maintenance therapy can also affect patient outcomes. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Long Term Outcome After Low Dose TBI Based Conditioning Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) From Related and Unrelated Donors for Older Patients with AML

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 2030-2030
Author(s):  
Dietger Niederwieser ◽  
Leo F Verdonck ◽  
Jan J Cornelissen ◽  
Michael Cross ◽  
Rainer Krahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Long Term Outcome

Abstract Abstract 2030 HSCT after reduced or minimal intensity conditioning is increasingly used to treat AML patients not eligible for conventional HSCT. Short term outcome has been reported frequently and risk factors have been identified; long term results still await in depth evaluation. We report here 5 years follow up results from a prospective phase II study conducted by two AML study groups in Europe. Patients were recruited from AML protocols HOVON/SAKK AML 43 and the OSHO AML 1997 study. The regimen consisted of fludarabine (FLU), 30 mg/m2/d on days −4, −3, and −2, 2 Gy TBI on day 0 (the day of HSCT) with mycophenolate mofetil, [15 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d. from 5 hours after HSCT to day +40], and cyclosporine, [CSP; 6.25 mg/kg p.o. bid from day –3 to day +180] after HSCT. Cyclosporine was adjusted to trough levels and reduced according to a predetermined tapering schedule and donor type. A total of 96 patients were recruited between 5/2002 and 8/2005 in the study. Age was median 62 (range 40 – 74) years, 54 patients were male (56%) and 73 patients (76%) had de novo AML. The remission status on entry was CR1 in 83 (86%) patients and CR2 in 13 (14%). Of the 96 patients, 20% had high risk cytogenetics and SCT was performed a median of 75 days after chemotherapy. There were no statistical differences in the above described characteristics except for more secondary AML (p=0.04) and more CR2 patients (p=0.07) among the 59 unrelated SCT (61%) as compared to the 37 related SCT (39%). Graft rejection at two years was observed in 6% of the patients. Absence of chronic GvHD was diagnosed in 40% and limited chronic GvHD in 29% of the patients, with no difference between related and unrelated SCT. Probability of overall survival (OS) at 6 years with a median follow up of 64 (49–92) months reaches a plateau after 5 years at 0.33±0.05 and was not significantly better in CR1 than in CR2. However, there was a trend towards better OS at 6 years for unrelated 0.41±0.11 as compared to related 0.29±0.07 SCT (p=0.08) in CR1 only. This difference was significant for disease free survival (DFS) (0.48±0.09 unrelated vs 0.27±0.06 related; p=0.04), the major reason being a higher relapse rate in related as compared to unrelated SCT (0.62±0.08 vs 0.40±0.09). The overall non-relapse mortality at 6 years was 0.21±0.05. We conclude that OS and DFS reach a stable plateau from 5 years after SCT to more than 8 years after SCT. In CR1 patients, DFS is superior after unrelated as compared to related SCT. Accordingly, strategies designed to decrease relapse, especially after related SCT, have already been implemented in the ongoing protocols. The preferential use of unrelated rather than related donors may be beneficial and should be considered in future protocols. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Transplantation in elderly patients.

Long-Term Follow-Up Analysis of HD9601 Trial Comparing ABVD Versus Stanford V Versus MOPP/EBV/CAD in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Advanced-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Study From the Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (32) ◽  
pp. 4227-4233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodoro Chisesi ◽  
Monica Bellei ◽  
Stefano Luminari ◽  
Antonella Montanini ◽  
Luigi Marcheselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose The Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi HD9601 trial compared doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) versus doxorubicin, vinblastine, mechloretamine, vincristine, bleomycin, etoposide, and prednisone (Stanford V [StV]) versus the combination of mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone (MOPP) with epidoxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine (EBV), lomustine, doxorubicin, and vindesine (CAD) (MOPP/EBV/CAD [MEC]) for the initial treatment of advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma to select which regimen would best support a reduced radiotherapy program (limited to two or fewer sites of either previous bulky or partially remitting disease). Superiority of ABVD and MEC to StV was demonstrated. We report analysis of long-term outcome and toxicity. Patients and Methods Patients with stage IIB, III, or IV were randomly assigned among six cycles of ABVD, three cycles of StV, and six cycles of MEC; radiotherapy was administered in 76, 71, and 50 patients in the three arms, respectively. Results Currently, the median follow-up is 86 months; in the prolonged observation period, eight additional failures, including two relapses, both in the StV arm, and six additional deaths in complete response were recorded. The 10-year overall survival rates were 87%, 80%, and 78% for ABVD, MEC, and StV, respectively (P = .4). The 10-year failure-free survival was 75%, 74%, and 49% in the ABVD, MEC, and StV arms, respectively (P < .001). The 10-year disease-free survival of patients treated or not with radiotherapy (RT) showed no difference for ABVD or MEC (85% v 80% and 93% v 68%), and a statistically significant difference for StV (76% v 33%; P = .004). No significant long-term toxicity was recorded. Conclusion The long-term analysis confirmed ABVD and MEC superiority to StV. The use of RT after StV was established as mandatory. ABVD is still to be considered as the standard treatment with a good balance between efficacy and toxicity.

Fractures and Fracture Dislocations of the Midfoot: Occurrence, Causes and Long-term Results

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martinus Richter ◽  
Burkhard Wippermann ◽  
Christian Krettek ◽  
Hanns Eberhard Schratt ◽  
Tobias Hufner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Reduction ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Fracture Dislocation ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Treatment Optimization ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Fracture Dislocations

Etiology and outcome of 155 patients with midfoot fractures between 1972 and 1997 were analyzed to create a basis for treatment optimization. Cause of injuries were traffic accidents (72.2%), falls (11.6%), blunt injuries (7.7%) and others (5.8%). Isolated midfoot fractures (I) were found in 55 (35.5%) cases, Lisfranc fracture dislocations (L) in 49 (31.2%), Chopart-Lisfranc fracture dislocations (CL) in 26 (16.8%) and Chopart fracture dislocations (C) in 25 (16%). One hundred and forty eight (95%) of the midfoot fractures were treated operatively; 30 with closed reduction, 115 with open reduction, 3 patients had a primary amputation. Seven (5%) patients were treated non-operatively. Ninety seven (63%) patients had follow-up at an average of 9 (1.3–25, median 8.5) years. The average scores of the entire follow-up group were as follows: AOFAS – sum of all four sections (AOFAS-ET): 296, AOFAS-Midfoot (AOFAS-M): 71, Hannover Scoring System (HSS): 65, and Hannover Questionnaire (Q): 63. Regarding age, gender, cause, time from injury to treatment and method of treatment no score differences were noted (t-test: p > 0.05). L, C or I showed similar scores and CL significantly lower scores (AOFAS-ET, AOFAS-M, HSS, Q). The highest scores in all groups were achieved in those fractures treated with early open reduction and operative fixation. Midfoot fractures, particularly fracture dislocation injuries, effect the function of the entire foot in the long-term outcome. But even in these complex injuries, an early anatomic (open) reduction and stable (internal) fixation can minimize the percentage of long-term impairment.

Abstract WP130: Long Term Outcome of Large and Giant Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Issei Kan ◽  
Toshihiro Ishibashi ◽  
Ichiro Yuki ◽  
Masayuki Ebara ◽  
Hideki Arakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Therapy ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Retreatment Rate

Objectives: Long term outcome of large / giant unruptured intracranial aneurysms (LG-UIAs) after endovascular therapy is still unknown. We retrospectively analyzed long-term results of patients with LG-UIAs who were followed up more than 5 years after endovascular therapy. Methods: We included patients from our complete database with UIAs greater than 10mm and treated at our hospital from January 2003 to December 2013. Retreatment rate of targeted aneurysms, rupture rate, and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at last visit were evaluated till December 2018. Results: From 142 patients treated during the period were excluded 3 patients with perioperative rupture and 38 patients with less than 5 years follow-up period, finally analyzing 101 patients. The median aneurysm size was 12.0 mm (IQR 10.8-15). The median follow-up period was 9.4 years (IQR: 7-11), the longest being 13.3 years. Retreatment was performed on 36 patients (35.6%). Comparing cumulative re-treatment rates in groups with aneurysm sizes <15 mm and> 20 mm, it was predominantly higher for aneurysms> 20 mm (P = 0.02, Figure1 ). Rupture of targeted aneurysms was observed in 2 cases (1.98%, Figure2 ), and the longest period from last treatment was up to 12 years. The mRS 0-1 at the first treatment and the final visit were 98% and 93%, respectively, and mRS deterioration remained at 5%. Conclusion: The retreatment rate tended to increase in proportion to the size of the aneurysm, however the final neurological outcome was favorable when considering the natural history of these aneurysms. Since aneurysmal rupture could occur after 12 years of treatment, long-term follow-up should be considered for LG-UIAs.

PS01.005: HIGH-RESOLUTION MANOMETRY GUIDING SURGICAL PROCEDURE FOR TREATMENT OF ACHALASIA OF THE ESOPHAGUS. LONG-TERM RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
Tania Triantafyllou ◽  
Georgia Doulami ◽  
Charalampos Theodoropoulos ◽  
Georgios Zografos ◽  
Dimitrios Theodorou
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Type I ◽  
Laparoscopic Myotomy ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
High Resolution Manometry

Abstract Background Laparoscopic myotomy and fundoplication for the treatment of achalasia presents with 90% success rate. The intraoperative use of manometry during surgery has been previously introduced to improve the outcome. Recently, we presented our pilot study proposing the use of the HRM during surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term outcome of the intraoperative use of High-Resolution Manometry (HRM) in achalasia patients. Methods In this prospective study, consecutive achalasia patients underwent laparoscopic myotomy and fundoplication along with real-time use of HRM. Eckardt scores (ES) and HRM results were collected before and after surgery. Results Twenty-three achalasia patients (22% Type I, 57% Type II, 22% Type III, according to Chicago Classification v3.0) with a mean age 48 years underwent calibrated and uneventful myotomy and fundoplication. Eleven myotomies were further extended, while sixteen fundoplications were intraoperatively modified, according to manometric findings. During postoperative follow-up, mean resting and residual pressures of the LES were significantly decreased after surgery (16,1 vs. 41,9, P = 0 and 9 vs. 28,7, P = 0, respectively). The ES was also diminished (1 vs. 7, P = 0). Conclusion The intraoperative use of HRM during laparoscopic myotomy and fundoplication for the treatment of achalasia of the esophagus is a safe, promising and efficient approach aiming to individualize both myotomy and fundoplication for each achalasia patient. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

STEREOTACTIC VENTRICULOPERITONEAL SHUNTING FOR REFRACTORY IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION

Neurosurgery ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basel Abu-Serieh ◽  
Keyvan Ghassempour ◽  
Thierry Duprez ◽  
Christian Raftopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Visual Deficits ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting

Abstract OBJECTIVE Recent reports have shown promising short- to medium-term results in patients with refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) treated using the stereotactic ventriculoperitoneal shunting (SVPS) technique. However, the long-term clinical efficacy of this technique remains questionable. This report provides the long-term results of SVPS in treating refractory IIH patients. METHODS We reviewed the medical charts of nine consecutive patients (mean age, 26.4 yr; range, 4–63 yr) treated using either a frame-based or frameless SVPS technique for IIH. RESULTS The mean postoperative follow-up period was 44.3 months (range, 6–110 mo). Before shunting procedures were performed, each patient presented with intractable headache, and five patients (55.6%) had mild to moderate visual deficits. The last follow-up assessment showed that after shunting was performed, eight patients (89%) were headache-free. Only one patient had recurrent headache; however, this patient's pain was much less frequent and severe than before the shunting procedure was completed and was concomitant with recent weight increase. Visual deficits were resolved in three patients and remained stable in two who already had optic nerve atrophy before shunting was completed. Twelve SVPS procedures were performed on our patients. Nine shunt revisions were needed in six patients because of infection (n = 5, including two revisions in one patient), valve dysfunction (n = 2), distal obstruction (n = 1), and ventricular catheter malpositioning (n = 1). No patient had proximal catheter obstruction. CONCLUSION Given the favorable long-term outcome of the SVPS technique for refractory IIH, we are encouraged to apply this procedure on our patients. More invasive approaches should be reserved for patients who have SVPS failure.

scholarly journals Short- and Long-term Outcome After Interventional VSD Closure: A Single-Center Experience in Pediatric and Adult Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bergmann ◽  
C. P. Germann ◽  
J. Nordmeyer ◽  
B. Peters ◽  
F. Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Results ◽  
Residual Shunt ◽  
Closure Rate ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Surgical Closure ◽  
Interventional Closure ◽  
Term Data

Abstract Interventional closure of congenital ventricular septal defects (VSD) is recording a continuous rise in acceptance. Complete atrioventricular block (cAVB) and residual shunting are major concerns during follow-up, but long-term data for both are still limited. We retrospectively evaluated the outcome of patients with interventional VSD closure and focused on long-term results (> 1 year follow-up). Transcatheter VSD closures were performed between 1993 and 2015, in 149 patients requiring 155 procedures (104 perimembranous, 29 muscular, 19 residual post-surgical VSDs, and 3 with multiple defects). The following devices were used: 65 × Amplatzer™ Membranous VSD Occluder, 33 × Duct Occluder II, 27 × Muscular VSD Occluder, 3 × Duct Occluder I, 24 × PFM-Nit-Occlud®, and 3 × Rashkind-Occluder. The median age at time of implantation was 6.2 (0.01–66.1) years, median height 117 (49–188) cm, and median weight 20.9 (3.2–117) kg. Median follow-up time was 6.2 (1.1–21.3) years and closure rate was 86.2% at last follow-up. Complications resulting in device explantation include one case of cAVB with a Membranous VSD occluder 7 days after implantation and four cases due to residual shunt/malposition. Six (4%) deaths occurred during follow-up with only one procedural related death from a hybrid VSD closure. Overall, our reported results of interventional VSD closure show favorable outcomes with only one (0.7%) episode of cAVB. Interventional closure offers a good alternative to surgical closure and shows improved performance by using softer devices. However, prospective long-term data in the current era with different devices are still mandatory to assess the effectiveness and safety of this procedure.

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