scholarly journals The Effect of Ellagic Acid on the Thrombin-Induced Hemorrhagic Syndrome in the Rat

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. CLIFFTON ◽  
A. GIROLAMI ◽  
D. AGOSTINO
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Average Blood Loss

Abstract The intraperitoneal administration of thrombin increased the bleeding due to the amputation of the tail in the rat (average blood loss 4.6 ml.). The intravenous administration of ellagic acid in thrombin-injected rats reduced the average blood loss to 0.6 ml. This value was slightly more than the average blood loss noted in animals given only ellagic acid (0.2 ml.). Both these figures were much less than the average blood loss observed in control animals (3.2 ml.).

Transhepatic absorption and biliary excretion of insulin

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1982-1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Zingg ◽  
Aron M. Rappaport ◽  
Bernard S. Leibel
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Liver Surface

The application of insulin to the liver in rats is followed by an increase of the insulin concentration in the bile. The pathway of insulin from the liver surface to the bile may include a secretory process by the hepatic cells, or it may bypass the hepatic cells, using direct anatomical pathways from blood and lymph to bile. The concentration of insulin in arterial and venous blood, in lymph, and in bile was measured following application of insulin to the liver surface and following peritoneal or intravenous administration. The results confirm that insulin is absorbed from the surface of the liver, but the glucose modulating effect was less effective than after intravenous administration. The insulin concentration in bile was increased after insulin administration by all routes, with the highest and most prolonged increases found after intraperitoneal administration. The results suggest that following transhepatic and intravenous administration, insulin reaches the bile without passing through the liver cells.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Intermittent Intravenous Cefazolin and Tobramycin in Patients Treated with Automated Peritoneal Dialysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1310-1316
Author(s):  
HAROLD J. MANLEY ◽  
GEORGE R. BAILIE ◽  
REGINALD FRYE ◽  
LORRAINE D. HESS ◽  
M. DONALD MCGOLDRICK
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Single Intravenous Dose ◽  
Automated Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Monoexponential Model

Abstract. There is increasing use of intermittent dosing of antibiotics to treat peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis. The disposition of intravenous cefazolin and tobramycin was studied in automated PD (APD) patients. Ten patients were recruited and received a single intravenous dose of cefazolin (15 mg/kg) and tobramycin (0.6 mg/kg). Blood and dialysate samples were collected at the beginning, middle, and end of dwells 1 to 3 (on cycler), and at the end of dwells 4 to 5 (off cycler) for a 24-h period. Baseline and 24-h urine samples were collected. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a monoexponential model. Cefazolin and tobramycin half-lives were markedly different on cycler than off cycler (cefazolin on cycler : 10.67 ± 4.66 h ; cefazolin off cycler : 23.09 ± 5.6 h ; P = 0.001 ; tobramycin on cycler : 14.27 ± 4.53 h ; tobramycin off cycler : 68.5 ± 26.47 h ; P < 0.001). Mean serum and dialysate concentrations were above minimum inhibitory concentrations of susceptible organisms throughout the 24-h period for both drugs with intravenous administration. A model was developed to examine serum and dialysate concentrations after intermittent intraperitoneal administration of 15 mg/kg cefazolin and 0.6 mg/kg tobramycin. Model-predicted intraperitoneal cefazolin provides adequate serum and dialysate concentrations for 24 h. Intermittent intraperitoneal tobramycin doses must be 1.5 mg/kg for one exchange during the first day and then given as 0.5 mg/kg thereafter. It is concluded that the current empiric dosing recommendations for PD-related peritonitis may be adequate for cefazolin (15 to 20 mg/kg) ; however, tobramycin doses must be changed to 1.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally on day 1, then to 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally thereafter in APD patients.

scholarly journals Active management of third stage of labor

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Meena Thapa ◽  
Rachana Saha ◽  
Sumita Pradhan ◽  
Sushil Thakur ◽  
Archan Shamsher Rana
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Uterine Atony ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Average Blood Loss ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Third Stage Of Labor ◽  
Third Stage

Objective: Overall objective of the study was to see effects of active management of third stage of labour (AMSTL) with oxytocin. Specific objective of the study was to look for incidence of Post-Partum Haemorrhage (PPH), length of 3rd stage, incidence of retained placenta and average blood loss. Methodology: A hospital based prospective, descriptive, observational study was carried out from 1st July 2005 to 30th June 2006 at department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (KMCTH). All patients undergoing vaginal delivery excluding twins, polyhydraminios and instrumental deliveries were included in the study. The active management of 3rd stage included administration of 10 units IU of oxytocin, early cord clamping, controlled cord traction and uterine massage. Blood loss was estimated by visual inspection and measured by jar pressed against perineum. Result: Total number of deliveries during the study period was 530. There were 13 cases of PPH. Incidence of PPH was 2.4%. There were six cases each of uterine atony and genital tract trauma. One case was of retained placenta requiring Manual Removal (MRP). Average third stage duration was less than 5 minutes. Average blood loss was 90 ml. In 2 cases the third stage lasted more than 30 mins. Conclusion: Active management of 3rd stage of labour reduces the incidence of PPH from uterine atony, reduces the duration as well as average blood loss during third stage.condition. Key words: Labor analgesia; epidural, combined spinal epidural; complications, dural puncture, postdural puncture headache (PDPH); prevention.   doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.1490 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 25 - 27 Nov-Dec 2006

Differences in specific activity of calcium in blood and urine of dogs

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Miller ◽  
W. F. Neuman ◽  
P. M. Bazerque
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Urine Calcium ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Tissue Calcium ◽  
Stable Calcium

Following intravenous administration of radioactive calcium, no differences were observed between blood and urine calcium specific activities even at early time periods. Following intraperitoneal administration of similar isotope solutions, however, a considerable discrepancy was noted between the specific activity in the two compartments, the urine specific activity remaining lower than that of the blood for as long as 5 hr. This same phenomenon was apparent after intravenous administration of radioactive calcium if a solution were injected intraperitoneally at the time of isotope administration. Blood/urine specific activity ratios exceeding unity were associated with periods of low calcium excretion. Adrenergic drugs, injected intravenously, were found to mimic intraperitoneal injections of isotope solutions. The response to intraperitoneal injections could not be blocked by atropine, but was absent in the presence of Dibenamine. It was concluded that an intraperitoneal injection had altered renal hemodynamics through a neural response which appeared to be sympathetically mediated. No evidence was found for a nonhomogeneous distribution of exogenous labeled calcium among the plasma calcium fractions. It is suggested that kidney tissue calcium is the source of the disproportionate amount of stable calcium appearing in the urine.

scholarly journals Intraperitoneal administration of mesenchymal stem cells is effective at mitigating detrusor deterioration after pBOO

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. F549-F556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Wiafe ◽  
Rutuja Kadam ◽  
Peter D. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β

Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) results in bladder fibrosis that is initiated by an inflammatory cascade and the decompensation after smooth muscle hypertrophy. We have been using an animal model to develop the hypothesis that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to mitigate this cytokine cascade and prevent bladder deterioration. We hypothesized that intraperitoneal administration of MSCs can produce the same effects as intravenously administered cells but may require higher dosing. Intraperitoneal treatment will provide insights into the mechanisms of action and may offer advantages over intravenous administration, as it will permit allow higher doses and potentially reduce systemic exposure. Rats underwent a surgical induction of pBOO and instillation of either 1 × 106 or 5 × 106 commercially acquired MSCs into the peritoneum. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and urodynamics were used to compare treatment groups with controls. pBOO resulted in a marked, statistically significant, upregulation of inflammatory markers in the bladder, including transforming growth factor-β, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-3α, mammalian target of rapamycin, and collagen types I and III. Moderate but inconsistent levels of downregulation were seen with 1 × 106 MSCs, but excellent and reliable downregulation was seen with 5 × 106 MSCs ( P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry confirmed that protein levels were affected in accordance with mRNA upregulation. Urodynamics demonstrated MSC treatment resulted in whole organ physiological benefits, as they prevented elevations in detrusor pressure. In conclusion, intraperitoneal administration of MSCs resulted in a similar effect as intravenous administration; however, this required a higher dose. This has significant implications for determining the mechanism of action and potential clinical application for human therapy.

scholarly journals Estimation of the hydrogen concentration in rat tissue using an airtight tube following the administration of hydrogen via various routes

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Liu ◽  
Ryosuke Kurokawa ◽  
Masayuki Fujino ◽  
Shinichi Hirano ◽  
Bunpei Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Concentration ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Rat Blood ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Rat Tissue

Abstract Hydrogen exerts beneficial effects in disease animal models of ischemia-reperfusion injury as well as inflammatory and neurological disease. Additionally, molecular hydrogen is useful for various novel medical and therapeutic applications in the clinical setting. In the present study, the hydrogen concentration in rat blood and tissue was estimated. Wistar rats were orally administered hydrogen super-rich water (HSRW), intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of hydrogen super-rich saline (HSRS) and inhalation of hydrogen gas. A new method for determining the hydrogen concentration was then applied using high-quality sensor gas chromatography, after which the specimen was prepared via tissue homogenization in airtight tubes. This method allowed for the sensitive and stable determination of the hydrogen concentration. The hydrogen concentration reached a peak at 5 minutes after oral and intraperitoneal administration, compared to 1 minute after intravenous administration. Following inhalation of hydrogen gas, the hydrogen concentration was found to be significantly increased at 30 minutes and maintained the same level thereafter. These results demonstrate that accurately determining the hydrogen concentration in rat blood and organ tissue is very useful and important for the application of various novel medical and therapeutic therapies using molecular hydrogen.

scholarly journals Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for a nonfunctioning kidney

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-581
Author(s):  
Vuk Sekulic ◽  
Jovo Bogdanovic ◽  
Ranko Herin ◽  
Senjin Djozic ◽  
Mladen Popov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Ct Urography ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Average Blood Loss ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Functioning Kidney

Background/Aim. The minimally invasive laparoscopic nephrectomy was first performed in 1991. The objective of this paper was to present the surgical technique of retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy and to our experience with this procedure in removal of non-functioning kidneys. Methods. This retrospective study enrolled 55 patients who underwent retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy at our institution during the period from January 2011 to November 2016. All patients had a unilateral non-functioning kidney confirmed by intravenous or computed tomography (CT)- urography and renal scintigram. Their medical records were analyzed for demographic data, duration of surgery, average blood loss, duration of hospital stay as well as time to return to normal life activities. Results. The mean age of patients was 43 years (range 23?78). Perioperative or early postoperative mortality was not recorded. Mean operative time was 82 minutes (range 45?210). The average blood loss was 90 mL (40?450). The average hospital stay was 4 days (3?7). Return to life activity was in average after 12 days (9?15). Conclusions. Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy for a non-functioning kidney is a feasible, safe, and effective minimally invasive method. The length of hospital stay and convalescence was shorter than after open nephrectomy.

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