scholarly journals Lipid synthesis in human erythroid cells: the effect of sickling

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Lane ◽  
SK Ballas ◽  
ER Burka
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Erythroid Cell ◽  
Cell Membrane Damage

Abstract Human reticulocytes are capable of synthesizing membrane lipids from 14C-glycerol de novo. In both sickle and nonsickle reticulocytes the majority of 14C-glycerol was incorporated into phospholipids, primarily phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine. Incorporation into sphingomyelin was minimal. The most abundant neutral lipid synthesized was triglyceride. In the absence of sickling, the rate of lipid synthesis in sickle reticulocytes was similar to that of nonsickle reticulocytes. With the induction of sickling under anoxic conditions sickle reticulocytes showed a prompt increase in the rate of lipid synthesis to an average of 69% above control values, while nonsickle reticulocytes under similar conditions decreased the rate of lipid synthesis. An increase in the rate of membrane lipid synthesis is associated in the mammalian erythroid cell with cell membrane damage. The findings further confirm that lesions of the erythroid cell membrane in sickle cell anemia are secondary to the sickling process itself.

scholarly journals Lipid synthesis in human erythroid cells: the effect of sickling

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
TA Lane ◽  
SK Ballas ◽  
ER Burka
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Erythroid Cell ◽  
Cell Membrane Damage

Human reticulocytes are capable of synthesizing membrane lipids from 14C-glycerol de novo. In both sickle and nonsickle reticulocytes the majority of 14C-glycerol was incorporated into phospholipids, primarily phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine. Incorporation into sphingomyelin was minimal. The most abundant neutral lipid synthesized was triglyceride. In the absence of sickling, the rate of lipid synthesis in sickle reticulocytes was similar to that of nonsickle reticulocytes. With the induction of sickling under anoxic conditions sickle reticulocytes showed a prompt increase in the rate of lipid synthesis to an average of 69% above control values, while nonsickle reticulocytes under similar conditions decreased the rate of lipid synthesis. An increase in the rate of membrane lipid synthesis is associated in the mammalian erythroid cell with cell membrane damage. The findings further confirm that lesions of the erythroid cell membrane in sickle cell anemia are secondary to the sickling process itself.

scholarly journals Decreased life span and membrane damage of carbamylated erythrocytes in vitro

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Lane ◽  
ER Burka
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Significant Modification ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Cell Membrane Damage ◽  
Sickle Erythrocytes

Abstract Red blood cells exposed to cyanate (CNO) in vitro have a concentration- dependent decreased cell survival time associated with an inhibition of the ability of the cell membrane to synthesize lipids. The t1/2 of rabbit erythrocytes exposed to 30 mM or 50 mM cyanate for 1 hr at 37 degrees C is reduced from the normal 24 days to 15 and 9 days, respectively. The cyanate-induced defect in membrane lipid metabolism is irreversible. Carbamylation of membrane proteins and damage to metabolism are minimized by limiting exposure in vitro to 15 mM cyanate at 4 degrees C for 30 min. Cells carbamylated under these conditions do not have a shortened life span. Levels of globin carbamylation of 0.5 moles CNO/mole hemoglobin, shown to be clinically effective in prolonging the life span of sickle erythrocytes, are obtained under these conditions and reach maximal levels after only 30 min of incubation. Carbamylation of blood in CPD anticoagulant is inferior to either ACD or heparin. The findings indicate that adequate carbamylation of sickle erythrocytes with minimal red cell membrane damage can be achieved without significant modification of the standard plasmapheresis procedure utilized by the working blood bank.

scholarly journals Decreased life span and membrane damage of carbamylated erythrocytes in vitro

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-917
Author(s):  
TA Lane ◽  
ER Burka
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Significant Modification ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Cell Membrane Damage ◽  
Sickle Erythrocytes

Red blood cells exposed to cyanate (CNO) in vitro have a concentration- dependent decreased cell survival time associated with an inhibition of the ability of the cell membrane to synthesize lipids. The t1/2 of rabbit erythrocytes exposed to 30 mM or 50 mM cyanate for 1 hr at 37 degrees C is reduced from the normal 24 days to 15 and 9 days, respectively. The cyanate-induced defect in membrane lipid metabolism is irreversible. Carbamylation of membrane proteins and damage to metabolism are minimized by limiting exposure in vitro to 15 mM cyanate at 4 degrees C for 30 min. Cells carbamylated under these conditions do not have a shortened life span. Levels of globin carbamylation of 0.5 moles CNO/mole hemoglobin, shown to be clinically effective in prolonging the life span of sickle erythrocytes, are obtained under these conditions and reach maximal levels after only 30 min of incubation. Carbamylation of blood in CPD anticoagulant is inferior to either ACD or heparin. The findings indicate that adequate carbamylation of sickle erythrocytes with minimal red cell membrane damage can be achieved without significant modification of the standard plasmapheresis procedure utilized by the working blood bank.

scholarly journals Lipid Acyl Chain Remodeling in Yeast

2015 ◽  
Vol 8s1 ◽  
pp. LPI.S31780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike F. Renne ◽  
Xue Bao ◽  
Cedric H. De Smet ◽  
Anton I. P. M. De Kroon
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Acyl Chains ◽  
Phospholipid Acyl Chain

Membrane lipid homeostasis is maintained by de novo synthesis, intracellular transport, remodeling, and degradation of lipid molecules. Glycerophospholipids, the most abundant structural component of eukaryotic membranes, are subject to acyl chain remodeling, which is defined as the post-synthetic process in which one or both acyl chains are exchanged. Here, we review studies addressing acyl chain remodeling of membrane glycerophospholipids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model organism that has been successfully used to investigate lipid synthesis and its regulation. Experimental evidence for the occurrence of phospholipid acyl chain exchange in cardiolipin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine is summarized, including methods and tools that have been used for detecting remodeling. Progress in the identification of the enzymes involved is reported, and putative functions of acyl chain remodeling in yeast are discussed.

Particle Size of Drug Nanocarriers Defines the Fate of Spinal Cord Injury’s Recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delaram Poormoghadam ◽  
Bita Rasoulian Shiadeh ◽  
Fereshte Azedi ◽  
Hani Tavakol ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Rezayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Detrusor Muscle ◽  
Cell Membrane Damage ◽  
Fty 720 ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition for which no definitive treatment has yet been identified. Noteworthy, it influences other tissues through inflammatory reactions and metabolic disturbance. Therefore, fingolimod (FTY-720) as an FDA-approved inflammatory modulator would be promising. In the present study, nanocarriers at two distinct monodisperse particle sizes of 60 (nF60) and 190 (nF190) nm were prepared.The neural stem cell (NSC) viability and LDH release were studied in the face of the nanocarriers and free FTY-720. Results indicated that nanocarriers and free FTY-720 enhanced NSC viability than the control group.However, nF190 significantly induced less cell membrane damage than nF60. Nanocarriers and free FTY-720 enhanced motor neuron recovery in SCI rats, while body weight and return to bladder reflux by nF190 was significantly higher than nF60 groups. Return to bladder reflux might be due to the role of FTY-720 in regulation of detrusor muscle tone and preservation of the integrity of vessels by acting on endothelial cells. Moreover,nF190 gained higher soleus muscle weight than the free drugs;probably decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines in soleus diminish muscular atrophy in SCI rats.To sum thing up, larger nanacarrirs with less cell membrane damage seems to be more efficient than smaller ones to manage SCI.

Surface chemistry modification of silica nanoparticles alters the activation of monocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Mitarotonda ◽  
Martín Saraceno ◽  
Marcos Todone ◽  
Exequiel Giorgi ◽  
Emilio L Malchiodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Cell Membrane Damage ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Aim: Nanoparticles (NPs) interaction with immune system is a growing topic of study. Materials & methods: Bare and amine grafted silica NPs effects on monocytes/macrophages cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, MTT test and LIVE/DEAD® viability/cytotoxicity assay. Results: Bare silica NPs inhibited proliferation and induced monocyte/macrophages activation (increasing CD40/CD80 expression besides pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitrite secretion). Furthermore, silica NPs increased cell membrane damage and reduced the number of living cells. In contrast, amine grafted silica NPs did not alter these parameters. Conclusion: Cell activation properties of bare silica NPs could be hindered after grafting with amine moieties. This strategy is useful to tune the immune system stimulation by NPs or to design NPs suitable to transport therapeutic molecules.

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