scholarly journals The Pathogenesis of Postirradiation Anemia

Blood ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. KAHN ◽  
J. FURTH
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Specific Organ ◽  
Hemosiderin Deposits ◽  
Average Body

Abstract 1. To assess the effects of irradiation on erythrocytes in vivo, one group of rabbits was injected with radioiron-tagged erythrocytes immediately before, and a second group immediately after exposure to x-rays. A third control group received the tagged erythrocytes but no irradiation. There was a drop in red cell mass in both irradiated groups as compared with the controls, but there was no difference between the two irradiated groups, i.e., between the behavior of irradiated and nonirradiated erythrocytes in irradiated hosts. These findings indicate that there is no direct effect of irradiation in the median lethal range on erythrocytes in vivo. 2. The degree of anemia was studied as a function of irradiation dose. It requires nearly lethal doses of x-rays to cause a conspicuous anemia. In the fatally irradiated animals the drop in red cell mass and total circulating radioiron is precipitous; in those nonfatally irradiated the drop is gradual and relatively slight, even though the animals may have received the same dose. 3. Increase of specific organ activity of the liver and spleen of irradiated animals can be correlated with hemosiderin deposits and congestion. Deposition of hemosiderin is a consequence of irradiation, its degree increasing with the effectiveness of the irradiation. 4. The erythrocyte mass of rabbits obtained by two direct isotopic technics (P32 and Fe59) and one indirect technic (T-1824 dye) differ by constant ratios. The Fe59/P32 ratio is 0.89; the Fe59 values are regarded as correct. With the aid of conversion factors either technic can be used. If an indirect technic is employed and the erythrocyte mass is estimated on the basis of plasma volume measurements, it is necessary to calculate first the average body hematocrit. This is done by multiplying the large vessel hematocrit by a conversion factor, which is 0.83 in normal rabbits.

Polycythemia in rats following restricted food intake

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Wohl ◽  
Clarence Merskey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Unit Body Weight

Rats were divided into two groups such that mean weight and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were not significantly different. One group (controls) was then fed a normal chow ad libitum. The other group was fed 6 g daily (30% of normal intake) for 2 weeks. The hemoglobin levels of rats fed the restricted diet rose 1.4–3.5 g/100 ml and hematocrit level rose 2–6%. At the end of 2 weeks total red cell mass (Cr51) was 5.5–6.0 ml in the underfed groups compared with 6.8 ml in the control group. Body weight fell proportionally more than did red cell mass, elevating the calculated red cell mass per unit body weight. Serum osmolality and K+ were not significantly different from control values, and there was a slightly higher serum Na+ and Cl– in the restricted diet group. It is concluded that restriction of food intake produced a relative polycythemia. At the end of 2 weeks of restriction an isosmotic reduction in plasma volume was present.

scholarly journals Oxygen Affinity in Hemoglobin Köln Disease

Blood ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank G. de Furia ◽  
Denis R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
High Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Blood Oxygen Affinity

Abstract Oxygen affinity studies in a splenectomized patient with sporadically occurring Hb Köln disease revealed high whole blood oxygen affinity (P50 O2 17.6 mm Hg) with increased 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), low ATP, and normal RBC ΔpH. Isolated electrophoretically slow migrating Hb Köln had a high oxygen affinity, decreased Hill’s number, and normal DPG reactivity. Functional evidence for hybrid tetramers with normal mobility is presented. Partial deoxygenation may play a role in the denaturation of the Hb Köln molecule and thus account for a higher oxygen affinity (low P50 O2), measured by the mixing technique, than the actual values for P50 that exist in vivo. Increased oxygen affinity and decreased P50 O2 would result in increased erythropoiesis and account for a well-compensated hemolytic process in this patient with a normal red cell mass and normal values of hemoglobin.

In-vitro hypocoagulability on whole blood thromboelastometry associated with in-vivo expansion of red cell mass in an equine model

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen McMichael ◽  
Stephanie A. Smith ◽  
Erin L. McConachie ◽  
Kara Lascola ◽  
Pamela A. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Mass

In vitro hypercoagulability on whole blood thromboelastometry associated with in vivo reduction of circulating red cell mass in dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen A. McMichael ◽  
Stephanie A. Smith ◽  
Alyssa Galligan ◽  
Kelly S. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Mass

scholarly journals The Metabolism of Transferrin-bound 111In and 59Fe in the Rat

Blood ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Beamish ◽  
Elmer B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Marrow ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Residual Radioactivity ◽  
Uptake And Release

Abstract The metabolism of transferrin-bound indium and iron were compared by in vivo studies in the rat. Rats were injected with serum transferrin labeled with 111In and 59Fe, and, at intervals ranging from 20 min to 5 days after injection, they were killed. They were perfused through the portal vein with 200 ml of 0.9% saline, and the residual radioactivity, expressed as a percentage of the injected dose, was measured in liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, washed red cells, red marrow, and femur. At 5 days, 76% of the injected 59Fe was recovered in the red cell mass; only 1%-2% of 111In could then be recovered. Uptake and release of the 111In label by the femur was markedly less than that of the 59Fe. Whereas 85% of the injected 59Fe could be recovered from the circulating red cells, liver, and spleen, only about 15% of the injected 111In could be so recovered. Approximately 35% of the injected 111In was excreted, and 43% was recoverable from the carcass. The subcellular distribution of the two isotopes in the liver at timed intervals following intravenous injection was studied. While 35% of the 59Fe activity in the homogenate was associated with ferritin, only 4% of the 111In could be so identified. The results indicate a significant difference between the metabolism of 111In and 59Fe in the rat and make it unlikely that the metabolism of In in man bears much similarity to that of iron.

scholarly journals Red cell mass and plasma volume measurements in polycythemia:

Cancer ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shireen Sirhan ◽  
Virgil F. Fairbanks ◽  
Ayalew Tefferi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Volume Measurements

Troglitazone has no effect on red cell mass or other erythropoietic parameters

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. R. Young ◽  
L. Squassante ◽  
J. Wemer ◽  
S. P. van Marle ◽  
P. Dogterom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Mass

Should Whole-Body Red Cell Mass Be Measured or Calculated?

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Balga ◽  
Max Solenthaler ◽  
Miha Furlan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Mass

Analysis of Red Cell Mass and Plasma Volume in Patients With Polycythemia

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordechai Lorberboym ◽  
Naomi Rahimi-Levene ◽  
Helena Lipszyc ◽  
Chun K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Iodine 125

Abstract Context.—Polycythemia describes an increased proportion of red blood cells in the peripheral blood. In absolute polycythemia, there is increased red cell mass (RCM) with normal plasma volume, in contrast with apparent polycythemia, in which there is increased or normal RCM and decreased plasma volume. In order to deliver the appropriate treatment it is necessary to differentiate between the two. Objective.—A retrospective analysis of RCM and plasma volume data are presented, with special attention to different methods of RCM interpretation. Design.—The measurements of RCM and plasma volume in 64 patients were compared with the venous and whole-body packed cell volume, and the incidence of absolute and apparent polycythemia was determined for increasing hematocrit levels. Measurements of RCM and plasma volume were performed using chromium 51–labeled red cells and iodine 125–labeled albumin, respectively. The measured RCM of each patient was expressed as a percentage of the mean expected RCM and was also defined as being within or outside the range of 2 SD of the mean. The results were also expressed in the traditional manner of mL/kg body weight. Results.—Twenty-one patients (13 women and 8 men) had absolute polycythemia. None of them had an increased plasma volume beyond 2 SD of the mean. When expressed according to the criteria of mL/kg body weight, 17 of the 21 patients had abnormally increased RCM, but 4 patients (19%) had a normal RCM value. Twenty-eight patients had apparent polycythemia. The remaining 15 patients had normal RCM and plasma volume. Conclusions.—The measurement of RCM and plasma volume is a simple and necessary procedure in the evaluation of polycythemia. In obese patients, the expression of RCM in mL/kg body weight lacks precision, considering that adipose tissue is hypovascular. The results of RCM are best described as being within or beyond 2 SD of the mean value.

Failure of prolonged exercise training to increase red cell mass in humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. H121-H126 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Shoemaker ◽  
H. J. Green ◽  
J. Coates ◽  
M. Ali ◽  
S. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
Mean Cell Hemoglobin

The purpose of this study was to investigate the time-dependent effects of long-term prolonged exercise training on vascular volumes and hematological status. Training using seven untrained males [age 21.1 +/- 1.4 (SE) yr] initially consisted of cycling at 68% of peak aerobic power (VO2peak) for 2 h/day, 4-5 days/wk, for 11 wk. Absolute training intensity was increased every 3 wk. Red cell mass (RCM), obtained using 51Cr, was unchanged (P > 0.05) with training (2,142 +/- 95, 2,168 +/- 86, 2,003 +/- 112, and 2,080 +/- 116 ml at 0, 3, 6, and 11 wk, respectively) as were serum erythropoietin levels (17.1 +/- 4.3, 13.9 +/- 3.5, and 17.0 +/- 2.0 U/l at 0, 6, and 11 wk, respectively). Plasma volume measured with 125I-labeled albumin and total blood volume (TBV) were also not significantly altered. The increase in mean cell volume that occurred with training (89.7 +/- 0.95 vs. 91.0 +/- 1.0 fl, 0 vs. 6 wk, P < 0.05) was not accompanied by changes in either mean cell hemoglobin or mean cell hemoglobin concentration. Serum ferritin was reduced 73% with training (67.4 +/- 13 to 17.9 +/- 1 microgram/l, 0 vs. 11 wk, P < 0.05). Total hemoglobin (HbTot) calculated as the product of hemoglobin concentration and TBV was unaltered (P > 0.05) at both 6 and 11 wk of training. The 15% increase in VO2peak (3.39 +/- 0.16 to 3.87 +/- 0.14 l/min, 0 vs. 11 wk, P < 0.05) with training occurred despite a failure of training to change TBV, RCM, or HbTot.

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