Lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin disease is characterized by recurrent genomic imbalances

Blood ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1845-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Franke ◽  
Iwona Wlodarska ◽  
Brigitte Maes ◽  
Peter Vandenberghe ◽  
Jan Delabie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin Disease ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Genomic Imbalances ◽  
Degenerate Oligonucleotide ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genomic Regions

Single-cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used as a tool to demonstrate clonality and B-cell origin of Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells in Hodgkin disease (HD). An analogous approach was used to investigate genomic imbalances in a (cyto)genetically poorly characterized subentity: lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin disease (LPHD). Nineteen cases of LPHD were selected for a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) study. CGH was performed with degenerate oligonucleotide primed–PCR (DOP-PCR)–amplified DNA from 4-5 microdissected CD20+ malignant cells. All analyzed cases revealed a high number of genomic imbalances (average 10.8 per case), involving all chromosomes but the excluded 19, 22, and Y, indicating a high complexity of LPHD. The majority of detected aberrations were recurrent. Gain of 1, 2q, 3, 4q, 5q, 6, 8q, 11q, 12q, and X, and loss of chromosome 17 were identified in 36.8% to 68.4% of the analyzed cases. Some of them have also been found in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and possibly represent secondary changes associated with disease progression. Gain of 2q, 4q, 5q, 6, 11q, however, are much more rarely observed in NHL and could be more specifically associated with LPHD. Particularly interesting is a frequent overrepresentation of chromosome arm 6q, a region usually deleted in NHL. Rearrangement of theBCL6 gene (3q27) demonstrated by cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization in 2 cases in this study suggests its contribution in pathogenesis of LPHD. In conclusion, the data show a consistent occurrence of genomic alterations in LPHD and highlight genomic regions that might be relevant for development and/or progression of this lymphoma entity.

scholarly journals Ralstonia solanacearum Virulence Increased Following Large Interstrain Gene Transfers by Natural Transformation

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Coupat-Goutaland ◽  
Dominique Bernillon ◽  
Alice Guidot ◽  
Philippe Prior ◽  
Xavier Nesme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Natural Transformation ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Type Iii Effectors ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Tomato Isolate ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reaction Sequencing

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a major driving force of evolution and is also likely to play an important role in the threatening emergence of novel pathogens, especially if it involves distantly related strains with substantially different pathogenicity. In this study, the impact of natural transformation on pathogenicity in six strains belonging to the four phylotypes of the plant-pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum was investigated. The study focused on genomic regions that vary between donor and recipient strains and that carry genes involved in pathogenicity such as type III effectors. First, strains from R. solanacearum species complex were naturally transformed with heterologous genomic DNA. Transferred DNA regions were then determined by comparative genomic hybridization and polymerase chain reaction sequencing. We identified three transformant strains that acquired large DNA regions of up to 80 kb. In one case, strain Psi07 (phylotype IV tomato isolate) acquired 39.4 kb from GMI1000 (phylotype I tomato isolate). Investigations revealed that i) 24.4 kb of the acquired region contained 20 new genes, ii) an allelic exchange of 12 genes occurred, and iii) 27 genes (33.4 kb) formerly present in Psi07 were lost. Virulence tests with the three transformants revealed a significant increase in the aggressiveness of BCG20 over its Psi07 parent on tomato. These findings demonstrate the potential importance of HGT in the pathogenic evolution of R. solanacearum strains and open new avenues for studying pathogen emergence.

Ghox 4.7: a chick homeobox gene expressed primarily in limb buds with limb-type differences in expression

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mackem ◽  
K.A. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Homeobox Genes ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Limb Buds ◽  
Limb Morphogenesis ◽  
Degenerate Oligonucleotide ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Homeobox genes play a key role in specifying the segmented body plan of Drosophila, and recent work suggests that at least several homeobox genes may play a regulatory role during vertebrate limb morphogenesis. We have used degenerate oligonucleotide primers from highly conserved domains in the homeobox motif to amplify homeobox gene segments from chick embryo limb bud cDNAs using the polymerase chain reaction. Expression of a large number of homeobox genes (at least 17) is detected using this approach. One of these genes contains a novel homeobox loosely related to the Drosophila Abdominal B class, and was further analyzed by determining its complete coding sequence and evaluating its expression during embryogenesis by in situ hybridization. Based on sequence and expression patterns, we have designated this gene as Ghox 4.7 and believe that it is the chick homologue of the murine Hox 4.7 gene (formerly Hox 5.6). Ghox 4.7 is expressed primarily in limb buds during development and shows a striking spatial restriction to the posterior zone of the limb bud, suggesting a role in specifying anterior-posterior pattern formation. In chick, this gene also displays differences in expression between wing and leg buds, raising the possibility that it may participate in specifying limb-type identity.

Evaluation of HER-2/neu Gene Status in Osteosarcoma by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Multiplex and Monoplex Polymerase Chain Reactions

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlynn Willmore-Payne ◽  
Joseph A. Holden ◽  
Holly Zhou ◽  
Dilip Gupta ◽  
Sharon Hirschowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Context.—Previous reports suggest that the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2/neu) receptor may be overexpressed in osteosarcoma. Objective.—To determine whether osteosarcomas have amplifications of the HER-2/neu gene. Design.—We studied a series of osteosarcomas by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and by 2 real-time polymerase chain reaction assays that measure the amount of HER-2/neu DNA relative to a control gene. The HER-2/ neu monoplex and multiplex assays were capable of identifying those cases of breast cancer that were known to overexpress HER-2/neu as assessed by FISH. We initially studied 21 cases of osteosarcoma by FISH analysis (using a technique that included a probe for chromosome 17), 11 of which had their HER-2/neu gene amplification status previously reported. Results.—None of these osteosarcoma cases showed HER-2/neu amplification by our FISH analysis and subsequent quantitative (multiplex) polymerase chain reaction. Apparent expression of HER-2/neu protein was observed in several of the cases but the immunoreactivity was localized to the cytoplasm and was not membranous in character. An additional 35 osteosarcoma specimens were subjected to monoplex polymerase chain reaction analysis, and amplifiable DNA was recovered from 19 specimens (54%). None of these samples had HER-2/neu amplification by monoplex PCR analysis and only one case had membranous immunoreactivity graded as 1+. Conclusion.—Although a small subset of osteosarcomas had weak noncircumferential membranous immunoreactivity for HER-2/neu protein, no osteosarcomas demonstrated positive (2+ or 3+) immunoreactivity for HER-2/ neu protein and none showed HER-2/neu gene amplification by either FISH or polymerase chain reaction.

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