Local and systemic changes in expression of resistance genes, nb-lrr genes and their putative microRNAs in norway spruce after wounding and inoculation with the pathogen ceratocystis polonica

Twenty-five-year-old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) were inoculated with four blue-stain fungi. Each tree was inoculated three times with each fungus and three times with sterile agar as a control, giving a total of 15 inoculations per tree. There was little variation in the extent of phloem necrosis produced in response to the different fungi, but 5 weeks after inoculation necroses induced by Ceratocystis polonica and Ambrosiella sp. were significantly longer than those for the other fungi. At the same time, C. polonica had induced sapwood desiccation twice as deeply into the wood as any other fungus. Hyphal growth of the fungi into phloem and sapwood followed the same pattern as necrosis length and desiccation depth. Five weeks after inoculation, C. polonica had penetrated phloem and sapwood farther than any other fungus. It grew more slowly than the other fungi in both tissues the first week after inoculation, but the four following weeks it grew more quickly than all other fungi. Key words: Ambrosiella, blue-stain fungi, Ceratocystis polonica, low-density inoculation, Ophiostoma piceae, Scolytidae.

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Defence reactions of Norway spruce against bark beetles and the associated fungus Ceratocystis polonica in secondary pure and mixed species stands

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00711-3 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 159 (1-2) ◽

pp. 73-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Peter Baier ◽

Erwin Führer ◽

Thomas Kirisits ◽

Sabine Rosner

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Mixed Species ◽

Defence Reactions ◽

Ceratocystis Polonica

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Induced wound response of Norway spruce Picea abies P. Karst. after artificial inoculation by imagoes of Ips typographus

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4713-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 403-411

Author(s):

L. Jankovský ◽

D. Novotný ◽

R. Mrkva

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Ips Typographus ◽

Wound Response ◽

The Other ◽

Artificial Infection ◽

Vascular Pathogens ◽

Host Tissues ◽

Ceratocystis Polonica

Inoculation experiments were carried out on a set of trees with imagoes of Ips typographus L. which origin from the &Scaron;umava Mts. and the Křtiny Training Enterprise. The objective of back inoculations was to determine whether species found on the surface of Ips typographus imagoes spread after the inoculation also through host tissues. It the vicinity of inoculation by Ips typographus imagoes, marked necrotic zones are evident including symptoms of the penetration of vascular pathogens through phloem and sapwood. The most marked reactions were observed in case of inoculation by an untreated Ips typographus imago. Treatment of Ips typographus imagoes by Ibefungin and Fundazol preparations did not demonstrate expected effects in full scale. The spores of several ophiostomoid fungi like Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau were observed on the surface of bark beetles and at the same time were re-isolated from wounds inoculated by Ips typographus imagoes. The other fungi like Ophiostoma bicolor Davidson & Wells, Leptographium cf. lundbergii Lagerberg & Melin., Pezicula eucrita Karst., Phomopsis sp. and other were found in wounds with the imagoes artificial infection.    

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